• As one of the key cell markers of satellite cells (the stem cell pool for skeletal muscles), it plays an important role in the regeneration of adult muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, we are interested in mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle recovery and regeneration after injury. (uncg.edu)
  • More specifically, my laboratory investigates the role inflammation plays in muscle atrophy, as well as during recovery and regeneration after injury. (uncg.edu)
  • Aged skeletal muscle displays increased fibrosis and impaired regeneration. (uncg.edu)
  • In aged skeletal muscle, impairments in regrowth and regeneration may be explained by a decreased responsiveness of muscle precursor cells (MPCs) to environmental cues such as growth factors. (uncg.edu)
  • Therefore, medications that can prevent the progression of muscle atrophy or promote muscle regeneration are in high demand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that reinnervation of the TA muscle can occur even after UVFP through these anastomoses, it would be ideal if drugs that promote nerve regeneration could be used to treat UVFP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Satellite cells (SCs), which are precursors of skeletal muscles, such as the TA muscle, play a key role in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCs are normally in a quiescent state in adult muscles, and start proliferating during muscle regeneration in response to denervation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. (scielo.br)
  • Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration:the cell on the edge returns centre stage. (scielo.br)
  • MAPK12-signaling is also positively regulating the expansion of transient amplifying myogenic precursor cells during muscle growth and regeneration. (idrblab.net)
  • Macrophages later arrive at the tissue to remove cellular debris, and satellite cells (SCs) are activated and proliferate to induce myofiber regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cells can be differentiated into mature endothelial cells, which are involved in processes of angiogenesis and vessel regeneration. (intechopen.com)
  • Thus, it has been shown that early EPCs release cytokines that promote tissue regeneration and neovasculogenesis, whereas late EPC and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to the formation of blood vessels and stimulate tube formation. (intechopen.com)
  • Our team is working on the molecular and cellular actors involved in human muscle regeneration , in muscle ageing and in muscular dystrophies including oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). (institut-myologie.org)
  • More precisely we are working on RNA metabolism , muscle regeneration , muscle stem cells , and fibrosis , with the final aim of developing innovative therapeutic approaches. (institut-myologie.org)
  • In 2009 beginning of 2010 we have focused on investigating what factors human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may produce that enhance regeneration and if those factors have any effects by themselves on regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • Our current running hypothesis is that the positive growth factors produced by hESCs trigger injured muscle to initiate and maintain regeneration, the TGF-beta inhibitors produced by hESCs reduce the TGF-beta signaling, and the combination assures the robust regeneration of muscle. (ca.gov)
  • Preliminary data indicates the effects on regeneration of old muscle look very promising. (ca.gov)
  • Specifically, our data suggest that several other ligands of MAPK pathway secreted by hESCs are likely to enhance and rejuvenate the regeneration of old muscle tissue. (ca.gov)
  • We have submitted the several manuscripts on topics of enhanced tissue regeneration and we are preparing the manuscript that identifies hESC-based novel strategies for restoring high regenerative capacity to old muscle. (ca.gov)
  • Finally, our data suggest that muscle stem cells either do not accumulate DNA damage with age or can efficiently repair such damage, when activated for tissue regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • The human proto-oncogene STAT3 encodes transcriptional factor that is essential for embryo- genesis, proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, in addition to organ regeneration and involu- tion. (pbkom.eu)
  • It is a protein with a key role in regulating muscle differentiation or myogenesis, specifically the development of skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • In zebrafish, Myf5 is the first MRF expressed in embryonic myogenesis and is required for adult viability, even though larval muscle forms normally. (wikipedia.org)
  • As no muscle is formed in Myf5;Myod double mutant zebrafish, Myf5 cooperates with Myod to promote myogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
  • MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SI221, which showed to be mainly effective against the SFK member YES, significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis, without affecting non-tumor cells, such as primary human skin fibroblasts and differentiated C2C12 cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • For a long time apoptosis has been considered the only type of programmed cell death responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the organism. (pbkom.eu)
  • According to the NCCD Committee, apoptosis and autophagy are ranked as two types of cell death. (pbkom.eu)
  • Apoptosis is the major form of cell suicide. (pbkom.eu)
  • Myostatin protein is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle, and negatively regulates ('keeps at bay') muscle growth. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • The loss of myostatin leads to a significant increase in muscle hypertrophy (remember myostatin negatively regulates muscle growth). (fitnessgenes.com)
  • 2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • and negatively regulates SLC2A4 expression and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle. (idrblab.net)
  • The gene is located on chromosome 12q23 [ 26 ] and regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 activity as well as the cell cycle [ 27 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • SFK inhibition also induced muscle differentiation in RMS cells by affecting the NOTCH3 receptor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis, which regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • It also regulates innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, including B cell maturation. (pbkom.eu)
  • #Akkermansia utilises mucin as a nutritional source and degrades it into SCFA acetate , which acts as a substrate for other beneficial bacteria to produce butyrate, an energy source for the intestinal epithelial cells. (metabiom.org)
  • The primary action of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 is to promote gut absorption of calcium by stimulating formation of calcium-binding protein within the intestinal epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Description: EGF is a potent growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various epidermal and epithelial cells. (fgf-4.com)
  • A single, early local administration of high-dose bFGF prevented atrophic changes in the thyroarytenoid muscles by activating satellite cell proliferation and reforming neuromuscular junctions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)
  • In vivo , the identification of macrophage phenotype is complicated since macrophages are obviously exposed to a microenvironment that is more complex respect to cell culture conditions, and they display characteristics that do not conform to the in vitro defined phenotypic categories. (hindawi.com)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)
  • The most commonly used type of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be easily isolated from bone marrow or synovium and cultured in vitro . (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • We have chosen to work on human precursors, either in vitro or in vivo, in xenograft models that we have developed in successive European networks. (institut-myologie.org)
  • Moreover, SI221 decreased in vitro cell migration and invasion and reduced tumor growth in a RMS xenograft model. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although it is expressed in both the epaxial (to become muscles of the back) and hypaxial (body wall and limb muscles) portions of the myotome, it is regulated differently in these tissue lines, providing part of their alternative differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Glutamine is regarded as the most abundant amino acid in the body, is mainly synthesized in skeletal muscle 10 , and muscle tissue is the most important site for Gln storage 11 . (nature.com)
  • In this paper, we discuss the current available information about the role that different phenotypes of macrophages plays after injury and during the remodelling phase in different tissue types, with particular attention to the skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
  • Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Skeletal muscle regenerative capacity later diminishes with advancing age and decreasing numbers of SCs, and muscle tissue is steadily replaced by adipose and connective tissues[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cell therapy is an exciting and upcoming branch of tissue engineering with application in the field of orthopaedics. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Initial studies indicate an immense potential for cell based strategies to enhance current orthopaedic approaches in skeletal tissue reconstruction. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Nevertheless, stem cell based tissue engineering in orthopaedics shows a promising future. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • A number of traditional therapeutic approaches to repair skeletal tissue have been developed and hypothesised, but they have all presented with a variety of shortcomings. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Amidst this, tissue engineering using stem cells has emerged as a hot topic of research and is a promising alternative to the traditional techniques of bone grafting. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • This method aims to regenerate rather than repair skeletal tissue defects. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is involved in various metabolic processes, such as acting on white adipose tissue to upregulate brown adipose tissue-specific genes, enhancing PGC-1α expression to increase lipid oxidation, suppressing inflammation in skeletal muscles, inhibiting cardiometabolic risk factors, and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatoblastoma cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Bone is a very dynamic and heterogeneous tissue formed by two components which are in close relationship with each other during the bone remodeling process: extracellular matrix (ECM) and bone cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, the existence of tissue-specific gene clusters may be related to the efficient activation of gene expression in a particular cell lineage, by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, or related to the repression of entire chromosomal regions containing genes expressed in a specific cell type, e.g. during the developmental switches leading to different cell lineages [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our work is at the stage of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the aging of the regenerative potential of organ stem cells can be reversed by particular human embryonic factors that are capable of neutralizing the affects of aged niches on tissue regenerative capacity. (ca.gov)
  • Thus, the use of hESC-produced pro-regenerative factors for boosting the regenerative capacity of organ stem cells is likely to yield healthy, young tissue. (ca.gov)
  • Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. (ca.gov)
  • Another consequence of aging is the accumulation of so-called senescent cells, normal cells that stop dividing, contribute to tissue aging and secrete substances like cytokines that induce inflammation. (qualitycounts.com)
  • A balanced regulation of this EDNRA/EDNRB interplay - also referred to as the endothelin axis (ET-axis)- is essential for, for example, homing processes to tissue destinations, where cells differentiate into numerous lineages such as the peripheral nervous system, structural and connective tissue components, cardiac cells or pigment-producing melanocytes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • We previously reported that local administration of bFGF 1 month after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis compensated for atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As increased neuromuscular junctions are expected to maintain myofiber volume, bFGF administration may prevent thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy in the mid to long term. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These treatments provide only static adjustment to the larynx, and their effects may be limited by the remaining hoarseness due to progressive atrophy of the paralyzed thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obestatin signalling counteracts glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via NEDD4/KLF15 axis. (institut-myologie.org)
  • My research focuses on investigating the mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia (the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength) and developing exercise interventions for the treatment/prevention of sarcopenia. (uncg.edu)
  • Vitamin D is also an activator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and, associated with this, poor vitamin D status is linked to sarcopenia (age related loss of skeletal muscle) which affects up to 25% of those over the age of 65 years and more than half of those over 85. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • The high redundancy of this system shows how crucial the development of skeletal muscle is to the viability of the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The delayed growth of LBW piglets is mainly due to a slower development of skeletal muscle as the myogenic activity is usually impaired in these animals during the fetal and early postnatal period 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
  • Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • These proteins control cell proliferation (the process of generating more cells) and cell differentiation (the process of changing from an 'immature' cell, or precursor stem cell, into a specialised cell, like skeletal muscle). (fitnessgenes.com)
  • In addition, cytokines released in the process of myonecrosis recruit inflammatory cells, which release inflammatory cytokines to activate fibroblasts that lay down extracellular matrix proteins and lead to fibrosis[ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • Myokines are small proteins (5-20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and secreted by skeletal muscle cells in response to muscle contractions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • In the next reporting period we will re-confirm that the levels of candidate proteins from the 500 antibody array actually are very highly produced by hESCs and that the signals from these proteins are perceived by regenerating muscle cells. (ca.gov)
  • In 2010 beginning of 2011, we have approached the identification and characterization of the proteins that are produced by hESCs and have the rejuvenating and pro-regenerative activity on adult muscle. (ca.gov)
  • EDNs are synthesised as large precursor proteins that are post-translationally cleaved to the biologically active 21-amino acid form [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. (uncg.edu)
  • Recently, we observed that muscle capillarization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, and the VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise were lower in aged compared with young women. (uncg.edu)
  • Muscle growth of low birth weight (LBW) piglets may be improved with adapted nutrition. (nature.com)
  • Expression of muscle growth related genes was quantified with qPCR. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, Gln serves as a precursor for the synthesis of arginine, which is indispensable for the optimal growth of neonatal piglets 14 and plays important roles in essential metabolic pathways 15 . (nature.com)
  • As you may have seen from our previous blog, myostatin is a very important protein when it comes to muscle growth. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • AKT1 is an indirect target of insulin growth factor 1 (IFG-1) and is involved in the PI3K and mTOR signalling that controls nutrient sensing, protein synthesis, and muscle hypertrophy. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • When activated by injury, satellite cells reenter the cell cycle and proliferate in response to extracellular growth factors ( Relaix & Zammit, 2012 Relaix F, Zammit PS. (scielo.br)
  • Research has shown the importance of growth factors in guiding and modulating the differentiation of MSCs in order to obtain the required cell type. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are activated by secreted, active transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ) to migrate to bone-resorptive sites and differentiate into osteoblasts (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory work has centered on the mechanisms of how cells acquire specific fates during growth and development, providing insights into normal and abnormal mechanisms of growth control. (stanford.edu)
  • Moreover, miRNAs play a modulatory role in the development and growth of skeletal muscles [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, our findings suggest that SFK inhibition, besides reducing RMS cell growth and invasive potential, could also represent a differentiation therapeutic strategy for RMS. (oncotarget.com)
  • We confirmed that typical growth factor signaling was in fact occurring in muscle cells exposed to hESC produced factors, and that hESCs produce a TGF-beta antagonist. (ca.gov)
  • This fits with our recently published work showing that young muscle regenerates well from strong growth factor signaling and low TGF-beta signals while old muscle regenerated poorly due to weak growth factor signaling and high TGF-beta signaling. (ca.gov)
  • Description: TPO is a lineage-specific growth factor produced in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. (fgf-4.com)
  • Vitamin D Receptors Discovered in Cancer Cells Suggests Vitamin D plays an Important Anti-Proliferative Role, Essentially Putting the Brakes on Dangerous, Uncontrolled Cell Growth or "Proliferation" Common of Various Cancers. (healthy-vitamins-and-mineral-supplements.com)
  • This indicates the presence of crucial mediators that trigger the exchange of growth factors between the participating cells at the tumour invasion field. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Firstly, it is expressed in brown adipose precursors. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, its expression is limited to brown and not white adipose precursors, providing part of the developmental separation between these two lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • MicroRNA-133 controls brown adipose determination in skeletal muscle satellite cells by targeting Prdm16. (scielo.br)
  • When skeletal muscle is injured due to physical or chemical insult, a pool of self-renewing muscle stem cells residing within the skeletal muscles, called satellite cells, can give rise to differentiated myofibers to repair injured muscle ( Charge & Rudinicki, 2004 Chargé SBP, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
  • Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
  • Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
  • A pro-inflammatory environment is thought to provide a selective advantage for the leukemic stem cells (LSC). (haematologica.org)
  • Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells have long lives, much of which they spend in a quiescent state. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
  • A region of the brain called the subventricular zone contains both neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, and is one of only two regions of the brain where neural stem cells are found in adult mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the exact relationship between neural stem cells and neurosphere-forming cells has been uncertain. (elifesciences.org)
  • have used a technique called flow cytometry to identify and isolate neural stem cells and neurosphere-forming cells directly from the subventricular zone. (elifesciences.org)
  • The neural stem cells, which Mich, Signer et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results demonstrate that the cells that form neurospheres in culture are not stem cells at all, and that real stem cells are not able to form colonies under existing culture conditions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)
  • This review will focus on the most recent/relevant molecular findings driving this functional impairment of mesenchymal stem cells in the aging process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human myelopoiesis is an exciting biological model for cellular differentiation since it represents a plastic process where multipotent stem cells gradually limit their differentiation potential, generating different precursor cells which finally evolve into distinct terminally differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bone marrow contains various populations of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the stromal compartment, which are important regulators of bone formation. (nature.com)
  • The poor performance of stem cells in an aged organ, such as skeletal muscle, is caused by the changes in regulatory pathways such as Notch, MAPK and TGF‐β, where old differentiated tissues and blood circulation inhibit the regenerative performance of organ stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • LIF promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. (fgf-4.com)
  • They demonstrated that transferring functional mitochondria of bone marrow-derived stem cells to defective parenchymal cells increases the aerobic respiration capacity of recipient mitochondria ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The manipulation of blood flow in conjunction with skeletal muscle contraction has helped us with the physiological understanding of muscle fatigue, blood pressure reflexes, and metabolism in humans. (pensummed.pro)
  • Cell Metabolism 2013;17(2):210-24. (scielo.br)
  • Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Despite only being present for a few days during embryonic development, Myf5 is still expressed in certain adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isolation and culture of individual myofibers and their satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. (scielo.br)
  • Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. (scielo.br)
  • We prospectively identified, and isolated by flow cytometry, adult mouse lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ) NICs as Glast mid EGFR high PlexinB2 high CD24 −/low O4/PSA-NCAM −/low Ter119/CD45 − (GEPCOT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Osteocytes, which are the most abundant cells in bone, composing 90-95% of all bone cells in an adult. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR) + perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. (nature.com)
  • These Fgfr3-creER -marked endosteal stromal cells contribute to a stem cell fraction in young stages, which is later replaced by Lepr-cre -marked stromal cells in adult stages. (nature.com)
  • Myf5 is expressed in the dermomyotome of the early somites, pushing the myogenic precursors to undergo determination and differentiate into myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • After several rounds of proliferation, most SCs differentiate into myoblasts, which fuse to form new myofibers [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Still, the existence of these separate "MyoD-dependent" and "Myf5-dependent" subpopulations has been disputed, with some claiming that these MRFs are indeed coexpressed in muscle progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
  • Consequently, neural stem and progenitor cells have usually been studied retrospectively, based on their ability to form colonies in laboratory cell cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • Different phenotypes and subtypes of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), such as early and late EPCs, have been described according to their functionality. (intechopen.com)
  • activation and proliferation appear to be stimulated by cytokines released by activated osteoblasts and osteocytes or by differentiation of immature osteoclast precursors that possess parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Feeding with amino acids can stimulate protein synthesis in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscle as reviewed by Davis et al. (nature.com)
  • hEPCs have been used for cell-based therapies due to their capacity to contribute in the re-endothelialization of injured blood vessels and neovascularization in ischemic tissues. (intechopen.com)
  • The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • What was surprising is that administering these inhibitors to the whole animal appears to reduce TGF-beta levels in the whole animal, suggesting some kind of feed-back and perhaps effects on other tissues as well as muscle. (ca.gov)
  • EDN3 promoter methylation was analysed by methylation-specific PCR in breast cell lines (n = 6) before and after demethylating treatment, normal breast tissues (n = 17) and primary breast carcinomas (n = 128). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most notably, while Myf5 is activated by Sonic hedgehog in the epaxial lineage, it is instead directly activated by the transcription factor Pax3 in hypaxial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the product of this gene is capable of directing cells towards the skeletal muscle lineage, it is not absolutely required for this process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene expression data from 24 experiments for 8 different cell types of the human myelopoietic lineage were used to generate an integrated myelopoiesis dataset of 9,425 genes, each reliably associated to a unique genomic position and chromosomal coordinate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of genomic expression during human myelopoiesis using an integrative computational approach allowed discovering important relationships between genomic position, biological function and expression patterns and highlighting chromatin domains, including genes with coordinated expression and lineage-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery of this new class of SSCs is based on the conjunction of evidence from unbiased single-cell molecular profiling and functional dissection of the BMSC lineage hierarchy using in vivo cell lineage analysis. (nature.com)
  • Augmented STAT3 activation has been found in both irreversibly committed B cell lineage precursors and plasmacy- tes. (pbkom.eu)
  • In summary, we identify myostatin propeptide as a novel positive regulator of primitive CML cells and corresponding normal hematopoietic cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Bone is the basic unit of the human skeletal system and provides the framework for and bears the weight of the body, protects the vital organs, supports mechanical movement, hosts hematopoietic cells, and maintains iron homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • SCF and c-Kit are essential for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells committed to the melanocyte and germ cell lineages. (fgf-4.com)
  • The analysis of transcriptome data in the perspective of the genomic organization of genes could certainly shed light not only on the aberrations leading to pathological states but also on the physiological mechanisms of all cellular processes, including cellular differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation begins (regulated by other genes) after this initial proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marked loss of vascular smooth muscle cells within the great vessels, arteries, and arterioles associated with sclerosis and fibrosis is a consistent finding in patients with HGPS. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] Preferential accumulation of progerin in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells has been observed. (medscape.com)
  • BFRT exercise alters acute physiological stressors such as local muscle oxygen availability and vascular shear stress which may lead to adaptations that are not easily attained with conventional training. (pensummed.pro)
  • Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. (lookformedical.com)
  • It stimulates the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, and promotes increased circulating levels of platelets in vivo. (fgf-4.com)
  • The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of early bFGF administration on the thyroarytenoid muscle after RLN transection and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development. (scielo.br)
  • These cell lines are shared in collaboration with many international teams, either to study physiological or pathophysiological mechanisms, or to test innovative therapeutic approaches. (institut-myologie.org)
  • Additionally, our data in progress suggest that muscle and brain age by similar molecular mechanisms and thus, therapeutic strategies for rejuvenating muscle repair might be applicable to the restoration of neurogenesis in aged brain. (ca.gov)
  • A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
  • There is evidence that patients with HGPS also manifest features of skeletal dysplasia with abnormalities in bone structural geometry and skeletal strength. (medscape.com)
  • 2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
  • In 1965, Urist recognized BMP as an important factor in osteogenesis and bone formation [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This differentiation shift leads to decreased bone formation, contributing to the etiology of osteoporosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once the osteoid mineralizes, the osteocytes are trapped there and form an extensive network with each other, with osteoblasts, and with the lining cells on the bone surface (explained below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deficiency of vitamin D results in poor calcification of the skeleton and hence skeletal deformity in children (rickets) and it leads to pain and bone fragility in adults (osteomalacia). (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • These Fgfr3 + stem/stromal cells with OCT identities are abundant in the young bone marrow and depleted in the old bone marrow, denoting their transitional nature. (nature.com)
  • The term "transitional" emphasizes the unique feature of these cells that are particularly abundant in the young bone marrow. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our findings indicate that Fgfr3 + endosteal stem/stromal cells with OCT identities dictate active and aggressive osteogenesis, identifying these cells as an important regulator of long-term bone homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • Although it may seem counterintuitive that the cells that promote deposition of bone are involved in resorption, these cells form an interconnected network known as the osteocytic membrane overlying the bone matrix, but with a small layer of interposed fluid termed bone fluid. (medscape.com)
  • First, osteoclasts are activated to digest formed bone, and second, proliferation of osteoclasts occurs. (medscape.com)
  • In bone, vitamin D may play a synergistic role with parathyroid hormone (PTH) in stimulating osteoclast proliferation and bone resorption. (medscape.com)
  • Dual luciferase assay and Western-blot results demonstrated that SFRP1 was a target of miR-1/206 in porcine iliac endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although Myf5 knockouts have normal skeletal muscle, they die due to abnormalities in their proximal ribs that make it difficult to breathe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glial cells are identified as the site of synthesis of AGT [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Other activities include the stimulation of acute phase protein synthesis by hepatocytes, stimulation of differentiation of cholinergic nerves, and suppression of adipogenesis by inhibiting the lipoprotein lipase in adipocytes. (fgf-4.com)
  • The first phase comprises mainly functional cell impairments expressed by inhibition of protein and urea synthesis. (pbkom.eu)
  • The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that the SFRP1 gene is regulated by miR-1/206 and potentially affects skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously reported that local injection of single, high-dose bFGF into the paralyzed vocal fold 1 month after RLN transection compensated for an atrophied TA muscle by inducing activation of SC proliferation and increasing the number of myoblasts in the RLN paralysis model of rats [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And the released mitochondria can also act as a distress signal to activate the rescue properties of recipient cells ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Given that protein aggregates in liver cells are closely linked to alcoholic liver disease, these findings suggest that quercetin could be a useful treatment for patients with this condition. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Macrophage activation has been described as a dynamic process: the same cell may initially induce proinflammatory and cytotoxic reactions and later may take part in the resolution of inflammation and wound healing [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The IAL aims to synergise the expertise in muscle and neuromuscular diseases of French teams and the expertise in immunology and inflammation of the Brazilian teams . (institut-myologie.org)
  • Molecular 'switch' reverses chronic inflammation and aging - Science Daily, 2/6/20 - 'By studying mice and immune cells called macrophages, the team found that a protein called SIRT2 is responsible for deacetylating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Elimination of senescent cells can counter chronic inflammation, said Steven N. Austad, director of aging studies at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. (qualitycounts.com)
  • They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. (lookformedical.com)
  • Vitamin D is also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They have proinflammatory functions: they produce effector molecules (reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β , TNF α , and IL-6) and participate as inducer and effector cells in polarized Th1 responses. (hindawi.com)
  • MAPK12 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. (idrblab.net)
  • Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
  • Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)
  • Pre-GEPCOT cells could not form neurospheres but expressed the stem cell markers Slc1a3-CreER T , GFAP-CreER T2 , Sox2 CreERT2 , and Gli1 CreERT2 and were long-lived in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • The intent of vaccination is to induce a combined antibody and T-cell anti-HER-2 immune response, which is intended to target HER-2-expressing tumor cells, and may induce tumor regression or slow progression of disease. (stanford.edu)
  • The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. (stanford.edu)
  • Further, Fgfr3 + endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. (nature.com)
  • This highly malignant tumor has traditionally been considered to arise from committed skeletal muscle precursor cells that fail to differentiate [ 1 ], although some RMSs develop in organs lacking a skeletal muscle component [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition, knockdown of KIN17 was found to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The above biological processes have important roles in tumorigenesis, cancer development and chemoresistance in tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although chemiotherapeutic drugs should selectively kill only tumor cells, normal cells are often susceptible to cytotoxic or cytostatic effects of these agents. (pbkom.eu)
  • Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. (mdpi.com)
  • These basic helix loop helix transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their fate is regulated by the expression of various transcription factors, including paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This function is independent of its catalytic activity and could affect mRNA processing and/or gene transcription to aid cell adaptation to osmolarity changes in the environment. (idrblab.net)
  • Pre-osteoblasts, a heterogeneous population of cells, including those transitioning from MSCs to mature osteoblasts, which express the transcription factor runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) , a key player in the osteogenesis process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated that KIN17 is involved in global genome repair, DNA replication, transcription and regulation of the cell cycle as part of a multi-protein complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
  • Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
  • Furthermore, Myf5 is a master regulator of muscle development, possessing the ability to induce a muscle phenotype upon its forced expression in fibroblastic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there is mounting evidence that now supports low-load resistance training (20-40%RM) combined with blood flow restriction can similarly induce muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. (pensummed.pro)
  • Osteoblasts, polarized cuboidal cells specialized for the active secretion of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of note, we define OCT identities as a state with some characteristics of both osteoblasts and chondrocytes, instead of cell-type plasticity between osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (nature.com)
  • Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
  • Dystrophin has a structural role as a cytoskeletal stabilization protein and protects cells against contraction-induced damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This chapter provides an overview of the key role of hEPC in promoting angiogenesis and their potential use for cell therapy. (intechopen.com)
  • It has also been postulated that hypocretins play an important role in the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, energy homeostasis, acquisition and learning of reward system-stimulating signals. (pbkom.eu)
  • Blood platelets, enucleate cells derived from megakaryocytes, play an essential role in haemo- stasis and thrombosis. (pbkom.eu)
  • In living organisms, if the temperature exceeds the normal range (thermo-neutral zone), it disturbs the normal physiological functioning and induces cell injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent basic and clinical research has revealed that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects on cells and organs. (researchgate.net)
  • Some evidence shows that Myf5 and MyoD are responsible for the development of separate muscle lineages, and are not expressed concurrently in the same cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel sensor that monitors cellular energy charge, while the vasculature is important for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. (uncg.edu)
  • [ 7 ] The abnormal protein, progerin, represents a truncated form of the lamin A precursor prelamin A and results from mutations in LMNA . (medscape.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by an acquired 9;22-chromosomal translocation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resulting in the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. (haematologica.org)
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and an X-linked recessive, progressive muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of a functional dystrophin protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conditional deletion of the Bmi-1 polycomb protein depleted pre-GEPCOT and GEPCOT cells, though pre-GEPCOT cells were more dependent upon Bmi-1 for Cdkn2a ( p16 Ink4a ) repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. (nature.com)
  • The formation of skeletal muscle:from somite to limb. (scielo.br)
  • In fact, if Myf5 is not downregulated, differentiation does not occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • They occur naturally as N-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial cell walls. (lookformedical.com)