Differentiation of embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells carcinoma embryonal. Medical search. Frequent questions

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
TWS 119 induces neuronal differentiation in pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells at 400 nM. (tocris.com)
Synaptic network activity induces neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal precursor cells through BDNF signaling. (mdc-berlin.de)
Perturbation of PRTG activity in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and in chick embryos, by either RNA interference or a dominant-negative PRTG mutant, increases neuronal differentiation. (nycu.edu.tw)
Forced expression of ERdj3 in the chick neural tube also impairs neuronal differentiation. (nycu.edu.tw)
Together, these results suggest that expression of PRTG defines a stage between pluripotent epiblasts and committed neural progenitors, and its signaling plays a critical role in suppressing premature neuronal differentiation during early neural development. (nycu.edu.tw)
Consequently furthermore to advertising ventral central anxious program cell fates with Shh Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation by suppression of Wnt signalling and a direct hyperlink between two main dorsoventral morphogenetic signalling pathways. (cell-metabolism.com)
Furthermore inhibition of Wnt signalling by deletion of Wnt1 or Lrp6 in embryonic stem cells improved dopaminergic neuronal differentiation10. (cell-metabolism.com)
Among multiple downstream signalling occasions p38MAPK favorably regulates the experience of myogenic bHLH elements such as MyoD via phosphorylation of the ubiquitously indicated E-protein-binding partners of the myogenic as well as neural bHLH factors17 18 Consistently Cdo also promotes neuronal differentiation by activation of transcriptional activity of Neurogenin1 in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells19. (cell-metabolism.com)
We have previously utilised an NT2.D1 neurosphere based model of neuronal differentiation to study the effects of a variety of compounds on neural development [7] . (plos.org)

Combinatorial binding in human and mouse embryonic stem cells identifies conserved enhancers active in early embryonic development. (mpg.de)
As P19 cells have differentiation ability, they can be useful in investigating complex biological processes such as tissue formation and early embryonic development. (cytion.com)
Pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 is a useful model for studying early embryonic development. (cytion.com)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)

P19 is a murine embryonal carcinoma cell line. (cytion.com)

The TRA-1-60 monoclonal antibody reacts with the neuraminidase-resistant form of a pluripotent-stem-cell-specific epitope on a high-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein. (bdbiosciences.com)
Comparative Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells Reveals Current Drawbacks and Possible Strategies for Improved Differentiation. (mpg.de)
Sidebar Culture-derived Pluripotent Stem Cell lines Embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs): derived from mouse teratocarcinomas these are the first PSC lines generated. (hiv-proteases.com)
Background Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos, have been recognized as the most pluripotent stem cell population. (health-ground.com)

Cell surface molecules expressed on embryos in a stage-specific manner appeared to play key roles in regulation of cell-cell interaction and cell sorting during early development. (nih.gov)
It is also essential to understand how the inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos, as well as environmental influences such as derivation methods and passage procedures can affect the ability of hES cell lines to self-renew and differentiate. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of PRTG protein is strong in the neural tube of mouse embryos between embryonic days 7.75 and 9.5 but disappears after embryonic day 10.5 when the neural progenitor marker nestin expresses prominently. (nycu.edu.tw)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)

Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Computational analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along the endodermal lineage. (mpg.de)
Under these conditions, iPS cells begin to differentiate into a hepatocyte lineage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Aside from the promise of using hPSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapies there (+)-Corynoline is great potential of using hPSCs for modeling lineage decisions during differentiation and studying disease-relevant phenotypes that ENG are manifested at the cellular level. (hiv-proteases.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma (EC), embryonic germ (EG), undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and rhesus monkey ES cell lines. (stemcell.com)
Objective Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types, although little is known about factors that control their fate. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Human liver organoids are formed from the assembly of hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPS cells, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We have also found that overexpression of either Cr-1 or CR-1 in mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo as a transgene results in their transformation and in their enhanced ability to migrate and invade as a result of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (grantome.com)
This study aims to evaluate the potential anti-metastatic activities of OFE on human ovarian cancer cells, and investigate its inhibitory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal changes in cell phenotype has been defined as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
EMT converts polarized and immotile epithelial cells to motile mesenchymal cells, accompanied by loss of cell-cell adhesion, planar and apical-basal polarity, and acquired mesenchymal features, including motility, invasiveness and enhanced resistance to apoptosis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They express several high molecular weight glycoprotein antigens that are down-regulated upon differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
These microRNAs are expressed at high levels in several human embryonic stem cell (ESC) and human embryonal carcinoma cell (EC) lines [49, 50] and decrease upon differentiation into embryoid body (EB) for two weeks in culture [50] supporting their association with the stem cell state. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)

Using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and MPSS, we found that all three cell lines actively proliferated and expressed similar "stemness" markers including transcription factors POU5F1/Oct3/4 and NANOG, glycolipids SSEA4 and TRA-1-81, and alkaline phosphatase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Among various stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), SSEA-1 was found to react with neolacto-series GSL Le x , while SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 reacted with globo-series Gb5 and monosialyl-Gb5, respectively. (nih.gov)
Stage-specific embryonic antigen. (nih.gov)

The commonest malignant tumors of bone are Meta-analysis of 14 randomized trials revealed a signifiplasma cell tumors (Chap. Side impact: dryness of mouth, pores and skin, blurred vision, loss of lodging constipation, bradycardia followed by tachycardia, difficulty with micturation, flushing [url=https://samoore.com/products/buy-finpecia-online/] hair loss jak inhibitor purchase finpecia 1 mg[/url]. (ehd.org)
TRA-1-60 antigen is released into the serum of patients bearing testicular tumors containing EC cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and they are key components of germ cell tumors (GCTs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Embryonic stem cell transcription factor signatures in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic germ cell tumors .Santagata S, Ligon KL, Hornick JL. (testicularcancersociety.org)
These same TFs are also expressed in various types of human germ cell tumors (GCTs), implicating them in regulation of tumor growth and differentiation. (testicularcancersociety.org)
Although NANOG and OCT3/4 are sensitive and specific markers for seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, neither factor aids in the clinically important distinction of seminomatous from nonseminomatous tumors. (testicularcancersociety.org)
We have shown that human CR-1 is overexpressed in approximately 40-90% of a variety of human carcinomas including breast tumors. (grantome.com)
germ cell tumors , sex cord-stromal tumors, and extragonadal tumors . (medscape.com)
Germ cell tumors, which are the most common, are classified histologically as either seminoma or nonseminoma. (medscape.com)
Of the three main types of testicular cancer, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are second only to seminomas in terms of frequency. (medscape.com)
As many as 90% of germ cell tumors are associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN). (medscape.com)
Wilms tumor is the most frequently occurring embryonal renal malignancy in children, representing approximately 7% of childhood tumors [ 1 ]. (jcancer.org)
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)
The cancer stem cell theory holds that tumors also contain stem-like cells that drive tumor growth and metastasis formation. (medscape.com)
Such tumors may arise in males of nearly any age and may be of germ cell or non-germ cell origin. (medscape.com)
This article addresses the demographics, histology, prognosis, and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). (medscape.com)
germ cell tumors , non-germ cell tumors, and extragonadal tumors . (medscape.com)

Our comparative analysis provides further evidence for similarities and differences between three hESC lines in self-renewal, and spontaneous and directed differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The self renewal capacity of MSC, thought to be limited, is known to be enhanced under specific culture conditions such as serum concentration, cell seeding density, and inclusion of growth factors such as FGF-2 [9-11]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, Nodal and Cripto-1 are essential in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ES) self renewal and pluripotency. (grantome.com)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
In vitro neurosphere assays revealed striking increases in the number of neurosphere forming cells from p107 −/− brains that exhibited enhanced capacity for self-renewal. (rupress.org)
SCs are not only capable of maintaining themselves (self-renewal) but also give rise to a proliferative 'transit amplifying' compartment and ultimately to postmitotic differentiated cells with specialized functions. (medscape.com)
By contrast, transit amplifying cells and differentiated cells are incapable of self-renewal and tissue regeneration. (medscape.com)

Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Similar shifting of GSL expression profiles from globo-series and neolacto/lacto-series to ganglio-series was observed during differentiation of human EC cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells, reflecting the essential role of cell surface glycoconjugates in early development. (nih.gov)
Flow cytometric analysis of PE Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60 on H9 cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
H9 human embryonic stem (ES) cells were harvested with Accutase™ and stained with either PE Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60 (solid line) or PE mouse IgM (G155-228) isotype control (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
As human EC and ES cells undergo differentiation, expression of TRA-1-60 antigen is lost. (bdbiosciences.com)
Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be differentiated in vitro into a variety of cells which hold promise for transplantation therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
Human embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), stem cells of human teratocarcinomas, are considered a close but malignant counterpart to human ESCs. (johnshopkins.edu)
In summary, this is the first large-scale quantitative proteomic study of human ESCs and ECCs, which provides critical information about the regulators of these two closely related, but developmentally distinct, stem cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
Expression of SSEA-4 is down-regulated following differentiation of human EC, ES, and iPS cells. (stemcell.com)
This antibody reacts with TRA-1-60 antigen that is expressed upon the surface of human tetracarcinoma stem cells (EC), human embryonic germ cells (EG) and human embryonic stem cells (ES). (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Epigenomic analysis of primary human T cells reveals enhancers associated with TH2 memory cell differentiation and asthma susceptibility. (mpg.de)
Comparative molecular portraits of human unfertilized oocytes and primordial germ cells at 10 weeks of gestation. (mpg.de)
In silico identification of a core regulatory network of OCT4 in human embryonic stem cells using an integrated approach. (mpg.de)
Epigenetic Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Basics, Computational Methods, Applications. (mpg.de)
Multivariate statistical analysis of epigenetic regulation with application to the analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (mpg.de)
Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. (biomedcentral.com)
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST. (lookformedical.com)
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into somatic cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Human embryonic stem cells also exhibit the Warburg effect ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Conversely the appearance of a dynamic type of ��-catenin results in inhibition of neural differentiation and an extension of undifferentiated progenitors eventually resulting in human brain enlargement11. (cell-metabolism.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology modeling diseases and for therapeutic applications. (hiv-proteases.com)
Finally, we have found that two transcription factors, LRH-1 and GCNF, can positively and negatively regulate CR-1 expression, respectively, in human breast cancer cell lines. (grantome.com)
This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
Indeed, both the hESc and human neuroprogenitor cell (hNPC) models provide valid and useful tools for studying DNT. (plos.org)
Background In order to compare the gene expression profiles of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated progeny and to monitor feeder contaminations, we have examined gene expression in seven hESC lines and human fibroblast feeder cells using Illumina? (health-ground.com)
Human ES cells (hESCs) can be maintained and propagated on mouse or human fibroblast feeders for extended periods in media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [1-4] while retaining the ability to differentiate into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm as well as trophoectoderm and germ cells. (health-ground.com)

The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Minimally toxic, sub-micromolar concentrations of pan-HDACi, Trichostatin A and Panobinostat, substantively increased the infectability and spread of oHSV G47Δ within MM cells in vitro, resulting in enhanced oHSV-mediated killing of target cells when infected at low multiplicity of infection (MOI). (bvsalud.org)
Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
It is widely used in biomedical research, mainly for studying developmental biology, stem cell biology, cell differentiation, and drug screening. (cytion.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
We also investigate mechanisms of glial cell development and biology to elaborate regenerative medicine approaches in multiple sclerosis . (igbmc.fr)

All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the potential to differentiate into all cell lineages of an adult organism. (hiv-proteases.com)

We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
In hematopoietic cell lines 60% of the internalized EPO is re-secreted [ 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)

In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
We conclude that spatio-temporally controlled somatic mutations generated in animal models in given cell-types/tissues and at chosen times during pre- and postnatal life, are required to reveal the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the receptor genes involved in the retinoid signaling pathway throughout the life of the mouse. (degruyter.com)
Another approach is to reset a somatic cell to a pluripotent state by exposing its nucleus to exogenous transacting factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
This is currently achieved by three methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cell fusion and direct reprogramming by defined transcription factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
SCNT and experiments involving fusions between PSCs and somatic cells (Figure 1 (g)) demonstrate that factors present in the egg and in PSCs have the ability to reset somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state 7. (hiv-proteases.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

TWS 119 enhances the proliferation and survival of γδ T-cells, and induces differentiation of CD8+ T cells towards a stem cell-like memory T cell phenotype at 2.5 μM. (tocris.com)
This study has demonstrated that 5-aza induces differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes in a confluent monolayer culture in the absence of prior embryoid formation and dimethyl sulfoxide exposure, depending in part on alteration of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)

EPO supports the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and is critical for their survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Understanding key regulatory pathways and molecules either involved in maintaining MSC in their undifferentiated state or during the process of differentiation allows for a better handle on expanding and culturing these cells in large scale for therapeutic applications. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. (lookformedical.com)
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
One approach is to derive PSCs through culturing various embryonic adult or malignant cells with stem cell properties (Sidebar 1 and Figure 1). (hiv-proteases.com)

Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
Embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and germ line stem cells (GSCs): derived respectively from mouse primordial germ cells (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (d)) or germ line stem cells (GSCs) from neonatal and adult testis (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (e)) they resemble ESCs but retain some epigenetic features of their cell of origin. (hiv-proteases.com)

Examples of early developmental markers high in ESCs include β-galactoside-binding lectin, undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor-1, DNA cytosine methyltransferase 3β isoform-B, melanoma antigen family-A4, and interferon-induced transmembrane protein-1. (johnshopkins.edu)
Among them embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the classic example of a PSC 1-3 and they remain the gold standard to which newly derived PSC lines are typically compared molecularly through expression and epigenetic profiling and functionally by assessing their differentiation potential and (Table 1). (hiv-proteases.com)

The antigen is found on teratocarcinoma (embryonal carcinoma or EC), embryonic inner cell mass (but not morula or trophoblast), and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
P19 is a type of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells originally obtained from teratocarcinoma developed in a C3H/He mouse. (cytion.com)

The TRA-1-60 antigen is a sialylated epitope on the same keratan sulfate core molecule, podocalyxin, as 4 other distinct antigens on tumor-derived cell lines, TRA-1-81, GCTM2, K4, and K21. (bdbiosciences.com)

Beta-galactosidase of ROSA26 mice is a useful marker for detecting the definitive erythropoiesis after stem cell transplantation" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatocytes derived from iPS cells are suitable for transplantation into patients with liver insufficiency and for use in toxicity tests ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

A data integration approach to mapping OCT4 gene regulatory networks operative in embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. (mpg.de)
The core embryonic stem cell transcription factors (TFs) OCT3/4 (OCT4), NANOG, and SOX2 have shared as well as nonoverlapping roles in stem cell growth and differentiation. (testicularcancersociety.org)
Based on these observations Yamanaka and colleagues screened 24 pluripotency transcription factors and demonstrated that over-expression of the reprogramming factors Oct4 Sox2 Klf4 and c-Myc (referred to as OSKM) is sufficient to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts (Figure 1 (h)) 8. (hiv-proteases.com)
Whilst LiCl exposure did not significantly alter the proportion of cells expressing markers for stem cells/undifferentiated cells (Oct4, SSEA4), neurons (Neurofilament M), astrocytes (GFAP) or cell cycle phase, the drug caused a 1.4-fold increase in total cell number. (plos.org)
In contrast, exposure to VPA resulted in significant upregulation of Oct4, SSEA, Neurofilament M and GFAP with significant decreases in both G2/M phase cells and cell number. (plos.org)

Examination of gene expression E-4031 dihydrochloride profiles has revealed dynamics between MSC, progenitor cells, and committed differentiated cells [29, 30]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)

In contrast, CD99-antigen (CD99), growth differentiation factor-3, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2, and developmental pluripotency associated-4 were among the highly expressed proteins in ECCs. (johnshopkins.edu)
Several proteins that were highly expressed in ECCs such as heat shock 27kDa protein-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1, nuclear factor of K light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor like-2, and S100 calcium-binding protein-A4 have also been attributed to malignancy in other systems. (johnshopkins.edu)
In keeping with its appearance pattern Cdo has important assignments in myogenesis and neurogenesis12 13 In myoblasts Cdo promotes differentiation as an element of multiprotein complexes offering the cell adhesion substances N-cadherin as well as the carefully related proteins Boc and Neogenin14-16. (cell-metabolism.com)
Cancer stem cell-associated proteins revealed by proteomics. (medscape.com)
This Special Issue contains separate papers discussing undervalued ubiquitous proteins, chronic inflammation, eicosanoids, microbiome and morbid obesity, PCN, cell transition, followed by altered signaling induced by Metformin, NF-κB signaling and crosstalk during carcinogenesis, and a brief synopsis. (4open-sciences.org)
PHD2 is certainly the major prolyl hydroxylase that adjusts HIF-1 proteins balance in nonhypoxic cells, whereas knockdown of PHD1 or PHD3 will not really affect HIF-1 proteins amounts in many tumor cell lines (Berra range 350C1700 at a quality of 30,000. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Co-IP assays Cells had been lysed in altered radioimmunoprecipitation assay stream, and WCLs had been incubated over night with anti-FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), anti-PHD2 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, Company), anti-PHD3 (Novus Biologicals), or anti-hydroxyproline (Abcam) antibody in the existence of proteins ACagarose beans (Novus Biologicals). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

The expression of TRA-1-60 antigen is stage-specific and can be used to characterize embryonic cells and monitor their differentiation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Expression of TRA-1-60 antigen has also been observed on a rhesus monkey ES cell line (Thomson et al, 1995). (bdbiosciences.com)

The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line is a useful model cells for studies on cardiac differentiation. (korea.ac.kr)
These results suggest that 5-aza treatment could be used as a new method for cardiac differentiation in P19 cells. (korea.ac.kr)
In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)

and 3) the responses to directed neural differentiation was made between three NIH registered hES cell lines I3 (TE03), I6 (TE06) and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
Advancement of the central anxious system (CNS) is really a multistep procedure that will require coordinated occasions including cell WK23 fate standards proliferation of neural progenitors (NPCs) and terminal differentiation to create adequate amounts of adult neurons. (cell-metabolism.com)

4. Dilute the antibody 1:10 in 1× PBS, and stain the cells by adding 50 µl of the diluted antibody conjugate to each well and incubating for 1 hour at RT. (bdbiosciences.com)

To determine if a panel of embryonic stem cell TFs (NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX2) can facilitate the identification and distinction of seminomatous from nonseminomatous GCTs, we evaluated their expression by immunohistochemistry in primary testicular (n=41) and metastatic retroperitoneal (n=43) GCTs. (testicularcancersociety.org)
In addition, SOX2 is expressed in embryonal carcinoma but not pure seminoma and is therefore a useful diagnostic marker for distinguishing seminomatous and nonseminomatous GCTs. (testicularcancersociety.org)
In summary, we find that the embryonic stem cell TF signature of seminoma is NANOG+, OCT3/4+, and SOX2-, whereas embryonal carcinoma is NANOG+, OCT3/4+, and SOX2+, and expect these immunohistochemical profiles will facilitate the diagnosis of both primary and metastatic GCTs. (testicularcancersociety.org)

NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
Addition of purified ERdj3 protein into the P19 differentiation assay reduced neurogenesis. (nycu.edu.tw)
Peripherally administered EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates in the brain anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling in neurons, glial and cerebrovascular endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenesis and neurogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
In response to 1 μM of 5-aza, P19 cells expressed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, Bmpr1a and Smad1 at day 6 or 9, and also cardiac markers such as GATA-4, Nkx2.5, cardiac troponin I, and desmin were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner after induction of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Our results confirm NANOG and OCT3/4 as sensitive and specific markers for primary seminoma and embryonal carcinoma and demonstrate the novel finding that NANOG is a marker for metastatic GCTs. (testicularcancersociety.org)
After two days of culture in HSM, the expression levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin, which are hepatocyte markers, were upregulated, suggesting that hepatocyte differentiation was initiated ( 19 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore the Cdo-deficient dorsal forebrain shows more powerful Wnt signalling activity improved cell proliferation and improved manifestation from the dorsal markers and Wnt focuses on Pax6 Gli3 Axin2. (cell-metabolism.com)
By using cells grown in different conditions we expected to be able to identify core commonalities and by comparing feeders and embryoid bodies (EB) with hESC identify measures of contamination and early markers of differentiation. (health-ground.com)

We showed that Le x -Le x interaction, a novel type of molecular interavction termed carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction (CCI), was involved in cell aggregation. (nih.gov)
Researchers use P19 cells to elucidate cell signaling pathways and cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. (cytion.com)
Therefore, mutations have been introduced by homologous recombination (HR) in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a cell-autonomous system that differentiates in the presence of RA, in order to disrupt RAR and RXR genes and establish their cellular and molecular functions in RA-induced differentiation. (degruyter.com)
It is expected that a highly organized intrinsic genetic network is responsible for controlling spermatogenesis in the testis, and that the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism will help us further understand male germ cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. (lookformedical.com)
use but also to our understanding of the molecular basis of cell identity pluripotency and plasticity. (hiv-proteases.com)
Figure 1 Sources of pluripotent Stem Cells Table 1 Molecular and functional assays to assess the developmental potential of PSCs. (hiv-proteases.com)
We further focused our interest on the molecular mechanisms that underlie 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis on colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same. (wikipedia.org)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

Lines I3 and I6 possess normal XX and a normal XY karyotype while BG01V is a variant cell line with an abnormal karyotype derived from the karyotypically normal cell line BG01. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, by comparing embryonal carcinoma cell (EC) and karyotypically variant lines with hESC, we would be able to directly assess their utility as surrogates (for quality control purposes) for hESC. (health-ground.com)

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a powerful anti-cancer modality that induces both direct cell death and anti-tumor immunity, and has shown activity in preclinical models of MM. However, clinically meaningful efficacy will likely entail rational mechanistic combination approaches. (bvsalud.org)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. (lookformedical.com)
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)
Wilms tumor is the most common embryonal renal malignancy in children. (jcancer.org)
The CSC is defined as a cancer cell with self-renewing capacity that can regenerate the original tumor in all its differentiated heterogeneity. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] In addition, some tumor types do not appear to adhere to the CSC concept at all [ 3 , 4 ] or may have multiple independent tumor-initiating cell populations. (medscape.com)

Embryoid-body-like structures were formed after 6 days with 1 μM of 5-aza in a P19 cell monolayer culture, beating cell clusters first observed on day 12, and, the production of beating cell clusters increased by 80.1% (29 of 36-wells) after 18 days. (korea.ac.kr)
ES cells were aggregated into three-dimensional structures, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), and suspended in media containing fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)

Since differentiated cells are often scattered within or at the edge of colonies [11] and the differentiation is so subtle that morphological characteristics and even immunohistochemistry are insufficient to detect it, larger scale methods of analysis need to be developed. (health-ground.com)

In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)

After 7 days of culture, the cells were subjected to reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)

However, a profound variation in colony morphology, growth rate, BrdU incorporation, and relative abundance of gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated states of the cell lines was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)

In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

Proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool to identify the signaling complexes and pathways that control multi- and pluri-potency and SC differentiation. (medscape.com)

Testicular lymphatics relate to the embryonic origin of the testis. (medscape.com)

Analysis of male germ cell-related cell lines (F9, GC-1 and GC-2) revealed that some of the testis-specific lncRNAs were expressed in each of these cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results revealed that all of them were expressed exclusively in the testis, and 23 of the 26 showed germ cell-specific expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Spermatogenesis is the complex and tightly regulated differentiation process through which haploid spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonal carcinoma, testis. (riken.jp)

Factors that alter the differentiation of the primordial germ cell, resulting in the presence of an embryonal stem cell, can increase the risk of NSGCT. (medscape.com)

Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)

They can be differentiated into other cell types when exposed to non-toxic drugs such as retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [1]. (cytion.com)

Anatomy36

Organisms9

Diseases58

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment41

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Neuronal10

Early embryonic development4

Murine embryonal carcinoma1

Pluripotent Stem4

Embryos4

Lineage9

Mesenchymal7

Upon differentiation2

Including transcription factors1

Stage-specific embryonic2

Tumors17

Self-renewal9

Human34

Vitro3

Differentiate into multiple1

Biology4

Lineages3

Hematopoietic2

Cardiomyocyte differentiation1

Somatic8

Induces differentiation2

Proliferation and differentiation1

Process of differentiation1

Malignant5

Germ-line2

ESCs2

Teratocarcinoma2

Antigens1

Transplantation3

OCT45

Progenitor3

Proteins7

Antigen2

Cardiac differentiation3

Neural differentiation3

Terminal differentiation2

Antibody1

SOX23

Neurogenesis4

Markers7

Molecular8

Genes2

Karyotypically2

Tumor7

Embryoid2

Immunohistochemistry1

Vascular endothelial cells1

Transcription1

Gene expression2

Terminally differentiated cell1

Proteomics1

Testicular1

Testis4

Primordial1

Endothelial cells1

Dimethyl sulfoxide1