• Beatrice Mintz (January 24, 1921 - January 3, 2022) was an American embryologist who contributed to the understanding of genetic modification, cellular differentiation, and cancer, particularly melanoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Markers of melanocyte differentiation and melanoma subsets. (silverchair.com)
  • The surface antigens of melanocytes from newborn and adult skin have been analyzed with monoclonal antibodies detecting cell surface antigens of malignant melanoma. (silverchair.com)
  • Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • Our research goals are to discover innovative and effective treatments for melanoma by targeting innate pathways that occur during normal melanocyte development and stem cell maintenance. (bu.edu)
  • We find that the normal molecular processes that regulate cellular differentiation, homeostasis, growth, and migration of adult and embryonic melanocytes are corrupted during melanoma tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. (bu.edu)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers have uncovered a protein that stops the growth of melanoma, a cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells in the skin called melanocytes. (healthnewstrack.com)
  • Melanoma is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes, whose pigment, melanin, protects the skin against the sun's ultraviolet rays. (healthnewstrack.com)
  • If the pathway of differentiation is not followed, characteristic lesions result, and such lesions are regarded as the formal histogenetic precursors of melanoma. (nih.gov)
  • Ligand-activated BMP signaling inhibits cell differentiation and death to promote melanoma. (umassmed.edu)
  • We know that melanoma is a cancer that develops in the melanocytes - the cells in our skin that produce melanin. (curetoday.com)
  • So, when melanoma is present, these same estrogen receptors can activate a pathway that causes differentiation within the tumor, making it more visible to our immune systems. (curetoday.com)
  • Uncontrolled cell growth of melanocytes after birth contributes to the risk of developing melanoma in people with giant congenital melanocytic nevus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1994), for the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone protects from EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group. (who.int)
  • Because pigmentation of the skin is due to an integration of melanocyte and keratinocyte function, an acquired defect of the epidermal melanin unit results in the observed hypopigmentation in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis patients. (medscape.com)
  • Typical histologic findings are epidermal atrophy of the actinic type, a patchy decrease or absence of melanocytes and melanin, flat rete ridges, and basket weave hyperkeratosis. (medscape.com)
  • Hair follicles contain several different types of cells, including melanocyte stem cells that generate cells that produce the pigment melanin responsible for hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The study found that aging results in a greater portion of these melanocyte stem cells getting stuck at the site where they produce stem cells, which leaves a smaller portion of stem cells to generate melanin-producing cells, resulting in the graying of hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the other location-called the hair germ area-McSCs can differentiate to form melanocytes that produce melanin pigment for hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fueling Melanocytes with ATP from Keratinocytes Accelerates Melanin Synthesis. (uc.edu)
  • Melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis and together with the surrounding keratinocytes form the epidermal unit, whose main function is to produce and distribute melanin by a complex process called melanogenesis ( 4-7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The lab's best-developed model system is the melanosome, an LRO in skin melanocytes and eye pigment cells within which melanin pigments are synthesized. (chop.edu)
  • When we are exposed to sunlight, our melanocytes are stimulated to produce more melanin - giving us a sun tan. (curetoday.com)
  • This may make some sense when you think about the darkened pigmentation that many pregnant women experience - the increased estrogen of pregnancy is causing the melanocytes to become more active, thus producing more melanin. (curetoday.com)
  • Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare inherited disorders in which a normal number of melanocytes are present but melanin production is absent or greatly decreased. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surface antigens of melanocytes and melanomas. (silverchair.com)
  • A rudimentary surface antigen map of cells undergoing melanocyte differentiation and a new classification of melanomas based on the expression of melanocyte differentiation antigens are proposed. (silverchair.com)
  • However, follicular melanogenesis and melanocyte viability are known to be unstable in the early stage of hair greying (6). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Further, VYN201 was found to upregulate the WNT signaling pathway which is an important mediator of both melanogenesis and melanocyte differentiation and is known to be dysregulated in patients with vitiligo," said Dr. Iain Stuart, Chief Scientific Officer of VYNE. (pipelinereview.com)
  • To clarify the mechanism of the hypopigmentation, the characteristics of proliferation and differentiation of ru2 d /ru2 d epidermal melanoblasts and melanocytes cultured in a serum-free medium were investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Restoration of cutaneous pigmentation by transplantation to mice of isogeneic human melanocytes in dermal-epidermal engineered skin substitutes. (uc.edu)
  • Finally, the convergence theory states that a combination of several pathways is necessary for the development of vitiligo, such as genetic background, susceptibility to environmental changes, altered epidermal microenvironment, an intrinsic melanocyte defect and an autoimmune response ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, we evaluated the ability of four different NCT (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4', Ni and Co3O4') to initiate oxidative stress, induce redox-sensitive transcription factors and trigger inflammatory response in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and melanocytes (HEM). (cdc.gov)
  • The common acquired melanocytic nevus is viewed as a focal proliferation of melanocytes, destined in most instances to follow a programmed pathway of differentiation that leads to disappearance of the nevus. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation of melanocyte differentiation and growth. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Regulation of zebrafish melanocyte development by ligand-dependent BMP signaling. (umassmed.edu)
  • [ 6 ] Therefore, mutations in the PAX3 gene could affect regulation of the MITF gene, leading to abnormalities of melanocyte differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Using melanocytes that express or are depleted of MFSD12, the lab is analyzing lysosome: melanosome contacts, melanosome and lysosome pH, and lysosomal signaling to uncover the mechanism of pigment regulation by MFSD12. (chop.edu)
  • A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the EYE. (umassmed.edu)
  • During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • WSS is caused by abnormal migration or differentiation of neural crest cells during embryonic development. (orpha.net)
  • Environmental cues found throughout neural crest migratory routes play a fundamental role not only in instructing the precursor's differentiation into particular phenotypes, but also in controlling their proliferation and survival [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the current report, we demonstrated a single hair shaft of a 9-year-old Asian girl presenting with segmental heterochromia, which suggested a transient interruption of melanosome production in the follicular melanocytes. (medicaljournals.se)
  • For example, whereas melanosome biogenesis in skin melanocytes is constitutive, dense granule biogenesis is limited to a late stage of megakaryocyte differentiation into proplatelet strings. (chop.edu)
  • b) melanocyte growth is not autonomous but requires close keratinocyte contact and is regulated to maintain a physiological melanocytes/keratinocytes ratiol and (c) pure skin keratinocytes, but not oral epithelial cells, have all the information required for the proper physiological location and differentiation of melanocytes in the epidermis. (unimore.it)
  • Keratinocytes and melanocytes have distinct and shared responses to metal-based nanocatalysts and UVB. (cdc.gov)
  • HEK pre-exposure to UVB induced expression of IL-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, associated with hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro behavior and UV response of melanocytes derived from carriers of CDKN2A mutations and MC1R variants. (uc.edu)
  • The mutations occur during embryonic development in cells that will develop into pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type VII is due to mutations in gene C10orf11 , which encodes a leucine-rich protein that may play a role in melanocyte differentiation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They used engineered retroviruses to insert short bits of RNA to selectively turn off individual genes in a series of melanocytes. (healthnewstrack.com)
  • These genes are involved in melanocyte development and nerve cells development in the intestine. (orpha.net)
  • Such a developmental flaw is termed aberrant differentiation, and the resultant precursor lesion is designated melanocytic dysplasia. (nih.gov)
  • Oral melanomas are uncommon (1.2 cases per 10 million population per year in the United States), and, similar to their cutaneous counterparts, they are thought to arise primarily from melanocytes in the basal layer of the squamous mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • A new study in mice shows that these melanocyte stem cells migrate between two sites in the hair follicle during each cycle of hair growth and shedding- from a site where they produce the pigment for hair color to another where they produce stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The increase in the number of follicle growth cycles with aging is associated with deficits in melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) , the stem cells residing in the follicle that can form hair pigment-producing melanocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Melanocyte stem cells are found in two distinct locations at the base of each hair follicle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This results in fewer stem cells that can develop into pigment-producing melanocytes, thus leading to hair graying. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • D . , a cell biologist at New York University, said, "[Our] analysis revealed melanocyte stem cells are more dynamic/mobile than previously thought. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We revealed that as melanocyte stem cells move within the hair follicle, stem cells can reversibly alter cell state from immature to mature state, and this reversibility is critical for the proper maintenance of these stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dr. Ito also noted, "The study is built upon previous studies showing that maintaining healthy melanocyte stem cells is the key to preserving hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This differentiation of stem cells to a cell type that performs a specific function is thought to be irreversible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • But sometimes when the mutated BRAF gene is expressed in melanocytes, those cells go into a state of permanent hibernation via a process known as senescence. (healthnewstrack.com)
  • Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • MyoLife™ Complete Myogenesis Differentiation Medium is a new frozen medium optimized for the differentiation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells into fused multinucleated myotubules. (cellsystems.eu)
  • CONCLUSION: C-kit expressing cells observed in the ciliary muscle of Cebus apella, showed no similarity to melanocytes or mast cells and they could be associated with their gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal counterpart. (scielo.br)
  • In the oral mucosa, melanocytes are observed in a ratio of about 1 melanocyte to 10 basal cells. (medscape.com)
  • These proteins play important roles in cell division, cell differentiation, and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The use of ASCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research has important advantages in comparison with ESCs, since there are no ethical complications and the process of differentiation of these cells is better controlled. (bvsalud.org)
  • 8,9 Because dental stem cells (DSCs) are easy to obtain and present a great potential of differentiation, there has been a growing interest in their use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • My research is focused on investigating the function of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) , its agonists α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and ACTH, and antagonists agouti signaling protein and human β-defensin 3 in regulating cutaneous pigmentation and the response to UV radiation. (uc.edu)
  • These results suggest that the ru2 d allele inhibits melanocyte differentiation, and that its impaired differentiation is rescued by excess Tyr. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our study also suggests that melanocyte stem cell localization may be altered during the course of aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Significance of the Melanocortin 1 and Endothelin B Receptors in Melanocyte Homeostasis and Prevention of Sun-Induced Genotoxicity. (uc.edu)
  • In mouse studies, when given a compound now known only as G-1 (a compound that activates those estrogen receptors on the melanocytes) in addition to anti-PD-1 inhibitors, tumors disappeared in half of the animals studied, and lives were prolonged. (curetoday.com)
  • The melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP) treats stable and recalcitrant vitiligo. (umassmed.edu)
  • The characteristics of the normal melanocyte precursor have been inferred from the features of melanomas that express early markers of melanocyte differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • Endothelin-1 Protects Human Melanocytes from UV-Induced DNA Damage by Activating JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways. (uc.edu)
  • These results suggest a novel connection between HGF signaling and deafness via melanocyte deficiencies. (jneurosci.org)
  • Genetic dissection of HGF signaling via c-MET reveals that the incorporation of the melanocytes into the future stria vascularis of the cochlear duct requires c-MET signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown, but an autoimmune hypothesis prevails and is supported by several factors: Its association with other autoimmune diseases, the high level of antibodies against melanocytes found in 10% of patients with vitiligo, susceptibility loci associated with vitiligo found in genome-wide association studies that encode immunomodulatory proteins, and lastly, an inflammatory infiltrate that is observed at the margin of active lesions ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tyrosinase (TYR) activity, expression of TYR, TYR-related protein 1 (TRP1) and TRP2 (dopachrome tautomerase, DCT), eumelanin synthesis, and the number of stage IV melanosomes markedly decreased in ru2 d /ru2 d melanocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • L-Tyr injected into ru2 d /ru2 d mice also stimulated melanocyte differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Isolated melanocytes in culture grow in the presence of specific growth factors with a mean population doubling time of 4-10 d. (unimore.it)
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 6" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Growth Differentiation Factor 6" by people in this website by year, and whether "Growth Differentiation Factor 6" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Growth Differentiation Factor 6" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • In characterizing the molecular differentiation of developing peripheral auditory structures, we discovered that hepatocyte growth factor ( Hgf ) is expressed in the future stria vascularis of the cochlear epithelium. (jneurosci.org)
  • The uncontrolled cell growth of early melanocytes leads to a large patch of darkly pigmented skin characteristic of giant congenital melanocytic nevus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mintz, B., 'Gene control of mammalian pigmentary differentiation. (pas.va)
  • We have observed that metastatic melanomas consist of two distinct lineages characterized by activated or inactivated melanocyte differentiation transcriptional programs. (lu.se)
  • Here, we demonstrate a single hair shaft presenting with alternating black and white bands, which suggests unstable follicular melanocyte viability or a transient interruption of follicular melanogenesis, without any remarkable underlying conditions. (medicaljournals.se)
  • However, excess L-tyrosine (Tyr) added to culture media from initiation of the primary culture rescued the reduced differentiation through increase in TYR activity, expression of TYR, TRP1, TRP2 and Kit, eumelanin synthesis, and stage IV melanosomes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Antigenic markers that distinguish early, intermediate, and mature stages in melanocyte differentiation have been defined. (silverchair.com)
  • Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. (mcw.edu)
  • Another hypothesis is the melanocytorrhagy theory, which proposes that defective cell adhesion leads to detachment and transepidermal loss of melanocytes with exposure of autoantigens and activation of the immune system leading to melanocyte injury ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We were among the first to demonstrate that human melanocytes express functional MC1R and that activation of this receptor is critical for the melanogenic (i.e. tanning response) to UV. (uc.edu)