Differentiation genetically adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

She proposed that cancer involves a regulatory aberration in this process, especially in the balance between proliferation and differentiation. (pas.va)
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. (nature.com)
Moreover, pathological processes, such as neuroinflammation, stroke or epilepsy, are able to induce proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and NPCs. (jneurology.com)
Additionally, the gene ERBB4 , which regulates diverse cellular processes in the inner ear such as cell proliferation and differentiation, was in the largest module. (biomedcentral.com)

My research focuses on molecular mechanisms that govern mammalian brain development, such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation and synaptic connectivity. (rutgers.edu)
Reelin is an extracellular protein that critically controls neuronal migration during embryonic brain development, and also promotes neuron maturation and synaptic plasticity during postnatal development and in the adult brain. (rutgers.edu)
When transplanted into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) these neural stem cells generated mature neuronal subtypes, were able to integrate and grow axons that projected over long distances and connected with the recipient's neurons. (genengnews.com)
This approach alters the grafts' response in the injury environment and confers enhanced neuronal differentiation capacity, survival, and integration, as well as reduced glial scar formation to provide a more effective stem cell therapy for severe traumatic SCI. (genengnews.com)
Moreover, certain drugs, such as antidepressants, can accelerate production of neurons from cortical NPCs, and increased neurons from cortical NPCs have the inhibitory effect on neuronal cell death, which is induced by global ischemia 4 . (jneurology.com)
Using neural stem cells as model systems, we are investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal development during postnatal period and their implications in human neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome, Autism, and Fragile X syndrome. (wisc.edu)

The polycystic kidney diseases are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders and a leading cause of kidney failure. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Peroxisomal disorders are a group of genetically heterogeneous metabolic diseases that share dysfunction of peroxisomes. (medscape.com)

Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
TFs being expressed and the downstream differentiation target been established as candidates to regulate both pluripotency and genes being shut off [11]. (lu.se)
The precise mechanism by which Lin28B and let7 miRNA regulate mTORC1 activity in cochlear epithelial cells awaits further investigation. (encyclopedia.pub)
However, it remains largely unknown what factors can regulate adult neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. (jneurology.com)
The PC1/2 protein complex may also directly regulate a number of cellular functions including the cell cycle, the actin cytoskeleton, planar cell polarity (PCP), and cell migration. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Little is known about the early stages that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural stem cells and their immediate progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
However, despite a significant functional relevance of this form of whole-cell plasticity, little is known about the processes that regulate it. (biomedcentral.com)
The research in our laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells and neurodevelopment with the goal of applying this knowledge in the treatment of neurological disorders and injuries. (wisc.edu)

For example, "chief" cells express the stem cell marker Troy. (wikipedia.org)
This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
To better understand the mechanisms of disease and thus lay the foundation for developing new treatments, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from TSC patients and their unaffected siblings. (rutgers.edu)
The researchers showed that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural stem cells engineered with reduced expression of a gene called SOX9 differentiate preferentially into spinal motor neurons. (genengnews.com)
Additional confusion surrounds stem-cell surrogates, cache and reserve cells having some characteristics of stem cells and not others. (iospress.com)
Fuchs, E. The tortoise and the hair: slow-cycling cells in the stem cell race. (nature.com)
Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin. (nature.com)
Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. (lu.se)
Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state. (lu.se)
Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
A computational model of master regulators that are required for successful reprogramming the dynamics of this core network has revealed that it functions as of a differentiated cell into a cell exhibiting stem cell like a bistable switch, which in the on state, corresponds to all these properties. (lu.se)
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a stem cell biotechnology company in Worcester, Massachusetts, showed the potential for cloning to contribute to conservation efforts. (asu.edu)
Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy. (neurotree.org)
First, maintaining stem cell properties including repopulation potential during culture is usually a prerequisite of any successful gene transfer approach. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Differentiation is triggered by various factors in vivo , some of which can be replicated in in vitro stem cell cultures. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The nature of stem cells necessitates the use of special stem cell culture media and reagents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Since suboptimal media may change the differentiation potential of stem cells, it is vital to select the correct stem cell-validated media and reagents at the start of your research process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Stem cells can be cultured like any other cell lines, provided that the right stem cell-qualified media, reagents and conditions are employed. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Some stem cell lines are immortal and can be cultured indefinitely in the lab, but many are not. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is therefore critical to consider these options before initiating stem cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Step-by-step stem cell culture protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) including ips cell thawing, expanding, freezing and characterizing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Stem Cell protocols for cryopreservation, thawing of cryopreserved stem cells and media preparation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Information about mesenchyme, specifically mesenchymal stem cell procotols. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Step-by-step cell culture protocols for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation, expansion and differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Derivation and characterization of functional human neural stem cell derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that efficiently myelinate primary neurons in culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
ReNcell neural progenitors are immortalized human neural stem cell lines that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes sand oligodendrocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Recent advances in the realm of stem cell research are due to the advent of CRISPR genome editing technology and more advanced 3D cell culture techniques. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Combining our CRISPR, ZFN gene editing , and stem cell expertise, we now offer novel stem cell lines, optimized media, and innovative kits for all areas of stem cell biology, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In addition to our expansive portfolio of assay-ready stem cells, serum-free cell culture media, and 3D culture solutions, we offer custom engineered stem cell lines through our easy-to-use Cell Design Studio. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The control of this transition from epithelial stem cell to differentiated corneocyte, which is abnormal in epidermal cancers, is not well understood. (stanford.edu)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)

They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
We found a significantly lower expression of key autophagy- (ATG-) related genes in primary AML as compared to healthy granulocytes, an increased autophagic activity during all- trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) induced neutrophil differentiation, and an impaired AML differentiation upon inhibition of ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5. (hindawi.com)
These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
We are currently investigating how mutations in TSC genes affect the development of different types of brain cells, and further exploring the biochemical function of the Tsc2 protein in controlling neuron growth and maturation. (rutgers.edu)
It demonstrated that genes inactivated during tissue differentiation can be completely re-activated by a process called nuclear reprogramming: the reversion of a differentiated nucleus back to a totipotent status. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Also, under/over-expression studies of the master regulator Oct4 have revealed that some self-renewal/pluripotency as well as differentiation genes are expressed in a biphasic manner with respect to the concentration of Oct4. (lu.se)
In an adult organism, the genes on the Y-chromosome help produce the male gamete, the sperm cell. (asu.edu)
to find regulatory genes of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). The AS-C comprises four proneural genes that confer to cells the ability to become neuroblasts or sensory organ mother cells ( Campuzano and Modolell, 1992 , review). (biologists.com)
For example, cerebellar granule cells express six subunit genes abundantly (α 1 , α 6 , β 2 , β 3 , γ 2 , and δ), and so they probably have several distinct GABA A receptor subtypes of unknown subunit stoichiometry. (jneurosci.org)

Following two postdoctoral positions he joined the Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1991, where he applied his previous experience to the production of mammalian embryos by nuclear transfer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The embryos of larger arthropods and deuterostomes with well-provisioned eggs or viviparity, on the other hand, exhibit regulative development, while their larval "set-aside" or adult stem cells function in the growth, maintenance, and regulation of organ size coupled to constrained proliferation and cell turnover. (iospress.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
We present the 'zebrafish single-cell atlas of perturbed embryos', single-cell trancriptomic data of developing zebrafish embryos across various timepoints and with genetic perturbations. (nature.com)

These stem cells can then be induced to differentiate into neurons in a culture dish to better study their properties. (rutgers.edu)
In parallel, we generated a genetically- modified mouse line that lacks the Tsc2 gene specifically in excitatory neurons of the forebrain. (rutgers.edu)
Furthermore, there has been no demonstration that transplanted cells form functional synaptic connections with other neurons in the recipient retina or restore visual function. (ox.ac.uk)
Spinal neurons around the scar cannot be restored due to the low intrinsic regenerative ability of undamaged neurons and the lack of neural stem cells in the adult spinal cord. (genengnews.com)
spinal composition and architectures within and around the scar cannot be restored due to low intrinsic regenerative ability of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and the postinjury environment. (genengnews.com)
Transplantation of human NSCs (hNSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells at the SCI sites has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy to compensate for the loss of spinal neurons, and could feasibly enable their connectivity with host neurons, leading to spinal cord recovery. (genengnews.com)
turn into functioning adult neurons? (scienceblogs.com)
But if there is no Intelligent Designer, and instead, things evolved, then it is quite possible that the lack of novel fully formed and hooked up neurons in an adult human (which seems to be the general rule of thumb, for whatever reason) is not necessarily achieved via some highly sensible planned out feature. (scienceblogs.com)
If it turns out that neurogenesis occurs in the adult human nose but that those nascent neurons never enervate, well, that is what we might expect evolution, which is not intelligent but, rather, pragmatic, to come up with. (scienceblogs.com)
But, when the question comes up "Do humans generate new neurons as adults" please make sure that the assumption that they do is not based on this earlier nose research, or on any studies that merely looked for new neuron proteins. (scienceblogs.com)
It is widely accepted that new neurons are generated throughout life, which is called adult neurogenesis, in limited regions of the adult mammalian brain, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. (jneurology.com)
In these regions, neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been reported to proliferate and produce postmitotic neurons. (jneurology.com)
In the last decade, cortical adult neurogenesis and its neural stem cells (NSCs), which are self-renewing and can generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which have a tendency to differentiate into certain types of neurons, have been found in the cerebral cortex of adult mammals 3 . (jneurology.com)
After that, using the DNA synthesis marker tritiated thymidine, Altman rediscovered the addition of new neurons in the cerebral cortex of adult rats 6 . (jneurology.com)
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the process of formation of new neurons, occurs throughout life in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
Because in α 6 −/− neurons the remaining α 1 , β 2/3 , and γ 2 subunits cannot rescue the δ subunit, certain potential subunit combinations may not be found in wild-type cells. (jneurosci.org)

Mammalian adult stem cells resemble the blastomeres of planktonic and benthic organisms with small eggs and may have evolved in mature organisms as an adaptation to the growth and maintenance of tissues via proliferation and the regulation of organ size via cell loss (e.g., terminal differentiation). (iospress.com)
In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)

Attendees will learn about nanoscale system developments to deliver gene therapies in tissue and cell specific ways, RNA regulatory dynamics that govern how genotype manifests as phenotype, genomic tagging to reveal lineage relationships in development and disease, and how to bring these advances to patients through safe, efficacious, and equitable genetic medicine development. (jhu.edu)
Mintz, B., 'Gene control of mammalian pigmentary differentiation. (pas.va)
The researchers reported on their developments in Advanced Science , in a paper titled, " Transplanting Human Neural Stem Cells with ≈50% Reduction of SOX9 Gene Dosage Promotes Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery from Severe Spinal Cord Injury ," in which they concluded, "Our findings represent a new paradigm in generating genetically modified hNSCs for the treatment of SCI. (genengnews.com)
gene transfer, hematopoietic stem cells, lentiviral vectors, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, bone marrow transplantation, hematopoiesis Introduction HIV-based lentiviral vectors (LV) were proven to be capable of transducing a broad spectrum of nondividing cells in multiple mammalian species cIAP1 Ligand-Linker Conjugates 14 [1]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Bone marrow stem cells from adults have been viewed as the ideal target for gene- and cell-based therapy of genetic diseases, selected malignant diseases, and AIDS. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
We have also discovered one gene (and there will be others) that is responsible for turning off the production of hair cells during development and may be involved in preventing regeneration. (hearingreview.com)
This article provides an extensive step-wise overview of CRISPR Cas9 protocol that can be used to perform gene editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Epigenetic mechanisms , including DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs have profound regulatory roles in controlling mammalian gene expression. (wisc.edu)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
In the present study we examined the relationship between ceramide, ceramide metabolites and expression of the MDR1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Among the obligately intracellular gram-negative bacteria, a genetically related set is classified among the Protobacteria of the subgroup on the basis of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene ( 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)

His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Some of these compounds in complexes with GAGs may potentially interfere with protein-GAG or peptide-GAG multimolecular systems affecting the processes of cellular differentiation or have anti-inflammatory, antiviral as well as antithrombotic effects. (bvsalud.org)

Basal macroautophagy (thereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic recycling system in cells, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. (hindawi.com)
Cholinergic basal forebrain lesion decreases neurotrophin signaling without affecting tau hyperphosphorylation in genetically susceptible mice. (atsbio.com)
Likewise, strategies for the containment of cancer might be based on promoting normal pathways of cell loss, the basal mode for handling excess cells. (iospress.com)
As a graduate student with Julius Adler, I identified the basal body of the bacterial flagellum, develop methods for its purification, and elucidate its fine structure and specific attachments to the bacterial cell envelope. (nih.gov)
It is believed that the basal rate of neurogenesis is genetically determined [ 29 ], but the mechanisms that govern it under various physiological and pathological stimuli are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

She produced chimeric mice (which she at first termed 'allophenic') by inclusion of two genetically different cells in the early mouse embryo, thereby revealing the clonal organization. (pas.va)
However, in vivo testing of these hypotheses has predominantly been relegated to slow, expensive, and linear generation of genetically modified mice. (mdpi.com)
Morris, R. J. & Potten, C. S. Highly persistent label-retaining cells in the hair follicles of mice and their fate following induction of anagen. (nature.com)
Consistent with this activity, functional analyses in mice suggest that Lin28B plays an important role in hair cell development and regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
Following intravenous administration of a first-generation LV into adult mice, we found that bone marrow exhibited the highest levels of transgene among nine organs examined, with more than 10% green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP+) cells detected in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in these mice [9]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
It was also observed by others that a significant transgene signal was detected in the bone marrow (BM) by PCR analysis in adult mice of systemic administration of HIV-biased LV [10]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)

Profoundly different patterns of potency and division are exhibited by mammalian embryonic and adult stem cells. (iospress.com)
Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)
The cellular products of embryonic stem cells routinely come under global influences and give rise to the cells of germ layers and organ rudiments. (iospress.com)
Strategies for regenerative therapies in adult mammals, therefore, might be based on stimulating growth of adult stem cells or their surrogates in specific tissues rather than on introducing embryonic stem cells into adults. (iospress.com)
If Extramacrochaetae par-ticipates in cell specification by dimerizing with basic-region-helix-loop-helix proteins, the variety of defects and tissues affected by the insufficiency of extramacrochaetae suggests that helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in many embryonic developmental processes. (biologists.com)
Embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the capacity to give rise to differentiated progeny representative of all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). (sigmaaldrich.com)

There are many reports that adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (HDG) of mammalian brains since the 1960s 1,2 . (jneurology.com)

One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Thus, Lin28B functions in hair cell regeneration through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms, which are dependent on mitotic division or trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells, respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
This suggests that coactivation of Lin28B and Follistatin may represent an endogenous mechanism mediating reprogramming of supporting cells for hair cell regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
Lin28A is required for hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea, and may function in redundant processes with Lin28B [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Hair cell regeneration was not a major topic of research in hearing science until 1986-87. (hearingreview.com)
Hair cell regeneration occurring after hair cells were destroyed. (hearingreview.com)
We and others are working hard to understand the molecular chain of events responsible for hair cell regeneration in species where it occurs. (hearingreview.com)
In fact, a team of researchers has recently used new findings from research on development of the inner ear to induce a few new cells in the guinea pig cochlea to become hair cells again proving that hair cell regeneration will be possible. (hearingreview.com)
The good news is that, for the first time in history, there are teams of investigators worldwide exploring the possibility that hair cell regeneration can be induced in the mammal and human cochlea. (hearingreview.com)
From discovery of molecules that could induce regeneration in laboratory animals, it could be as little as another 10 years until we achieve hair cell regeneration in humans. (hearingreview.com)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
These properties provide stem cells with powerful capabilities for tissue repair, replacement, and regeneration, so human stem cells are of special interest in medical research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In the adult, stem cells exist in many tissues throughout life and may play critical roles in physiological functions and tissue regeneration. (wisc.edu)

Our data clearly suggest that granulocytic AML differentiation relies on noncanonical autophagy pathways and that restoring autophagic activity might be beneficial in differentiation therapies. (hindawi.com)
It is relatively well documented that transcription factors and signaling pathways are critically involved in the formation of inner ear structures and in the development of hair cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
This protein complex has also been implicated in regulating a number of signaling pathways, including Wnt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT3, cMET, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as in the localization and activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR). (basicmedicalkey.com)

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote epidermal differentiation and hair follicle development. (nature.com)
It also occurs at regions of specialized cell-cell contact and/or cell recognition, like the epidermal part of the muscle attachment sites and the differentiating CNS. (biologists.com)
Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)

The cellular defects in ADPKD that have been known for a long time are increased cell proliferation and fluid secretion, decreased cell differentiation, and abnormal extracellular matrix. (basicmedicalkey.com)
They can interact with many important biomolecular partners in the extracellular matrix of the cell including small drug molecules. (bvsalud.org)
Organisms usually contain large numbers of sphingolipid subspecies (for a pathway based compilation, see www.sphingomap.org) and knowledge about the types and amounts is imperative because they influence membrane structure, interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, vesicular traffic and the formation of specialized structures such as phagosomes and autophagosomes, as well as participate in intracellular and extracellular signaling. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Our short-term goal is to improve our mechanistic understanding of these diseases through experimental approaches that exploit genetically modified mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (rutgers.edu)

The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
The ability to expand pluripotent cells in vitro and subject them to direct differentiation to produce specific cell types is crucial to the development of cell-based therapies to replace or restore tissue that has been damaged by disease or injury. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Furthermore, we use genetically tagged post-mitotic rod precursors expressing the transcription factor Nrl (ref. 6) (neural retina leucine zipper) to show that successfully integrated rod photoreceptors are derived only from immature post-mitotic rod precursors and not from proliferating progenitor or stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Researchers at the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) LKS Faculty of Medicine, and at City University of Hong Kong (CityU) have generated human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that exhibit what they claim is "powerful therapeutic potential" for the treatment of spinal cord injury. (genengnews.com)
A research team from HKUMed has generated human neural stem cells with powerful therapeutic potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury that paves the way for new therapeutic opportunities. (genengnews.com)
Neural stem cells in the postnatal brain have significant roles in both normal brain functions, such as learning and memory and the brain's response to injuries. (wisc.edu)
My laboratory is investigating the mechanisms governing the behaviors and functions of neural stem cells in both healthy conditions and in neurological diseases. (wisc.edu)

They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)

We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
We are currently investigating the molecular mechanisms of Reelin activity in brain cells, and the potential role of this protein in neuroprotection or recovery after traumatic brain injury. (rutgers.edu)
Cancer stem cells, instrumental in metastasis, would seem to ignore mechanisms normally functioning in the removal of excess cells. (iospress.com)

This condition is thought to be secondary to dysfunctional genetics, abnormal differentiation of the metanephros or in utero ureteral obstruction. (medscape.com)

In addition, Lin28B functions to enhance the regenerative competence of maturing supporting cells in the cochlea through cooperation with Follistatin, which inhibits Lin28B-induced TGF-ß signaling that can trigger proliferative quiescence [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)

Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

In plants, albinism is characterised by partial or complete loss of chlorophyll pigments and incomplete differentiation of chloroplast membranes. (wikipedia.org)
PC1 and PC2 are found on the primary cilium, a hair-like structure present on the apical membrane of a cell, in addition to the cell membranes and cell-cell junctions of tubular epithelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
VLCFAs have deleterious effects on membrane structure and function, increasing microviscosity of RBC membranes and impairing the capacity of cultured adrenal cells to respond to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (medscape.com)
Plasmalogen is essential in maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, especially those in the CNS. (medscape.com)

Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, activation of autophagy allows to extend cell survival when exposed to different types of stressors such as starvation or cytotoxic drugs. (hindawi.com)
While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
Gey developed new techniques for in vitro, or laboratory-based, maintenance of organs and hormonal tissue, created new methods for cell cultivation, and researched nutritional media, or cell food. (asu.edu)
These protocols, such as organoid cell culture methods, have provided more predictive in vitro cellular "Disease-in-a-Dish" models. (sigmaaldrich.com)

After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
So far, brain- and retina-derived stem cells transplanted into adult retina have shown little evidence of being able to integrate into the outer nuclear layer and differentiate into new photoreceptors. (ox.ac.uk)
These transplanted cells integrate, differentiate into rod photoreceptors, form synaptic connections and improve visual function. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition cIAP1 Ligand-Linker Conjugates 14 to HSC, bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC), which can differentiate into mature cells of multiple mesenchymal tissues cIAP1 Ligand-Linker Conjugates 14 including fat, bone, and cartilage. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Stem cells have the unique ability to self-renew or to differentiate into various cell types in response to appropriate signals. (sigmaaldrich.com)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)

In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
The defects suggest faulty specification of different cell types and result in impairment of processes as diverse as cell proliferation and commitment, cell adhesion and cell recognition. (biologists.com)

LIN28 (LIN28A and LIN28B) proteins are highly conserved small cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that function as pluripotency factors, regulating the transition from self-renewal to a differentiated cell fate [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Stem cells have two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency. (wisc.edu)

Accumulating evidence highlights emerging functions of RBPs in the post-transcriptional regulation of inner ear development and hair cell function. (encyclopedia.pub)
We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs) between ILC and NK cell subsets and correlated them with transcriptional signatures. (stanford.edu)

Their biological activities are very broad including tissue remodeling, regulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, participation in bacterial/viral infections, and immune response. (bvsalud.org)

The complexity of the sphingolipidome is hard to imagine, but one hopes that, when partnered with other systems biology approaches, the causes and consequences of the complexity will explain how these intriguing compounds are involved in almost every aspect of cell behavior and the malfunctions of many diseases. (sphingolipidclub.com)

We now know that all vertebrates, except mammals, can regenerate new hair cells in the inner ear after native hair cells are damaged or destroyed. (hearingreview.com)
The work on mammals now is at a point where we can induce a small amount of cell division in the inner ear in a dish (that is, in a culture), as well as in vivo (occurring within a living organism). (hearingreview.com)
I feel that, within 5-10 years, we could easily find out if it s possible to regenerate hair cells at robust levels sufficient to restore hearing in mammals. (hearingreview.com)
When I started this work, somebody said to me that I d never be able to restore the complexity and intricacies of hair cells in humans or other mammals. (hearingreview.com)
Recently, adult neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex is becoming clear gradually, and cortical NSCs and NPCs are identified in a few mammals. (jneurology.com)
Mammals and birds , in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for colouration. (wikipedia.org)

Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)

On the other hand, it remains controversial whether adult neurogenesis occurs in other regions of the central nervous system (CNS). (jneurology.com)

This might be because the mature mammalian retina lacks the ability to accept and incorporate stem cells or to promote photoreceptor differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we show that donor cells can integrate into the adult or degenerating retina if they are taken from the developing retina at a time coincident with the peak of rod genesis. (ox.ac.uk)
This includes location-biased sampling of functional features in the output ganglion cell layer of the retina, systematic variation of functional properties within conventional retinotopic maps, and novel periodic retinotopic transforms that dramatically illustrate the tight linkage of feature sensitivity, spatial location, and specialized cortical circuitry. (frontiersin.org)

Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
Natural product anticancer agents enhance intracellular levels of ceramide, a sphingolipid that promotes cell apoptosis. (sphingolipidclub.com)

We offer a large collection of cell culture media, supplements, bioactive small molecules, and growth factors used to control the cell fate of human iPSCs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A main focus of my lab research is to understand the epigenetic basis of cell fate specification and neurodevelopment. (wisc.edu)

The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

The success in these studies was related in part to the selective growth of genetically altered/corrected progenitors. (eyesoftheelephants.com)

Normal chick hair cell clusters. (hearingreview.com)
These bacteria have evolved in close association with ticks, mites, chiggers, fleas, other arthropods, and fish flukes into six genetically defined clusters ( 1 , 2 , 8 - 11 ) ( Table 1 and Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)

In parts of the inner ear of some animals, there is ongoing production and death of hair cells (like the turnover of skin cells) throughout life. (hearingreview.com)

Gey derived the cells for that cell line, called the HeLa cell line, from a woman called Henrietta Lacks, a Black woman who had cervical cancer. (asu.edu)

Thus, adult neurogenesis represents another means, apart from molecular, synaptic, or morphological changes of an individual cell, to alter the functional circuitry depending on the demand. (biomedcentral.com)

We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous components of the cytoplasm found in nearly all mammalian cells. (medscape.com)

After damage occurred, there were indeed new hair cells generated by renewed cell division in several species of fully mature birds. (hearingreview.com)
We extracted whole-cell protein lysates from RF Borrelia cultures and synthesized six recombinant RF antigens (Borrelia immunogenic protein A (BipA) derived from four species of RF Borrelia, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ), and Borrelia miyamotoi membrane antigen A (BmaA)) to detect reactivity in laboratory derived (Peromyscus sp. (cdc.gov)

We hypothesized that committed progenitor or precursor cells at later ontogenetic stages might have a higher probability of success upon transplantation. (ox.ac.uk)
These findings define the ontogenetic stage of donor cells for successful rod photoreceptor transplantation. (ox.ac.uk)

She first showed that development is based on an orderly hierarchical succession of increasingly specialized small groups of precursor or 'stem' cells, expanding clonally. (pas.va)

RNA-Binding Proteins and Inner Ear Hair Cell" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30958 (accessed December 05, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

Succesful cloning from a cancer cell, succesful cloning from old adult organisms, repeated cloning of old adult organisms without compromising health(that is clones from clones from clones, second and third generation clones), and the like have shown, unless I missed some news, that IMHO it seems no permanent or at least significantly impairing damage at a genetic level seems to be occuring with aging. (fightaging.org)

This research was supported by Core Funding to AG at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom (U.1426.00.004.00001.01). (plos.org)
Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)

Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy73

Organisms16

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Proliferation and differentiation4

Neuronal6

Group of genetically heterogeneous2

Regulate9

Stem cell39

Genes10

Embryos6

Neurons16

Terminal differentiation2

Gene12

Cellular differentiation2

Basal5

Mice8

Embryonic7

Subventricular zone1

Regeneration14

Pathways3

Epidermal3

Extracellular matrix3

Human induced pluri1

Pluripotent cells2

Neural5

Opposing gradien1

Mechanisms3

Abnormal1

Regenerative2

Called induced1

Membranes4

Germ1

Survival3

Vitro3

Differentiate5

Morphogenesis1

Processes3

Self-renewal2

Transcriptional2

Migration1

Biology1

Mammals6

Somatic cell4

Progenitor cell1

Neurogenesis occurs1

Retina3

Intracellular2

Fate2

Occurs2

Progenitors1

Clusters2

Turnover1

Lacks1

Synaptic1

Cytoplasm2

Species2

Transplantation2

Precursor1

20231

Organisms1

Genetics2

Transcription factor1