Differentiation divide adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
Primary sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are continuously regenerated throughout adult life via the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
First, the embryo and neurectoderm are patterned by secreted factors, which establish cell fates among progenitors and then differentiated neurons, encoded by combinations of transcription factors. (wiringthebrain.com)
It is well known that many neurons require retrograde neurotrophic support from their target cells to stay alive. (wiringthebrain.com)
The main structural feature of the cerebral cortex is the arrangement of cortical neurons and glial cells in layers that run parallel to the surface of the brain. (springer.com)
In 1989, Dr. Temple discovered that the embryonic mammalian brain contained a rare, multipotent stem cell that could be extracted and grown in tissue culture to produce both neurons and glia. (ny.gov)
This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
turn into functioning adult neurons? (scienceblogs.com)
But if there is no Intelligent Designer, and instead, things evolved, then it is quite possible that the lack of novel fully formed and hooked up neurons in an adult human (which seems to be the general rule of thumb, for whatever reason) is not necessarily achieved via some highly sensible planned out feature. (scienceblogs.com)
If it turns out that neurogenesis occurs in the adult human nose but that those nascent neurons never enervate, well, that is what we might expect evolution, which is not intelligent but, rather, pragmatic, to come up with. (scienceblogs.com)
But, when the question comes up "Do humans generate new neurons as adults" please make sure that the assumption that they do is not based on this earlier nose research, or on any studies that merely looked for new neuron proteins. (scienceblogs.com)
Specialized hypothalamic neurons secrete pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal blood vessels, which acts on the gonadotrophs to cause a pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on ovarian follicle cells to control folliculogenesis. (glowm.com)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)

For example, we use conditional genetic knockouts to investigate the roles of certain transcription factors and intracellular signaling pathways in promoting stem-cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of many tissues. (molvis.org)
A number of studies have shown that incoming axons can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of their synaptic target cells. (wiringthebrain.com)
A similar situation has been demonstrated in the mammalian brain, where axons from the visual thalamus induce the proliferation and differentiation of the primary visual cortex (Dehay et al. (wiringthebrain.com)
Following, inductive signals between the developing diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, early transcription factors guide the formation of rudimentary Rathke's Pouch (rRP) and then subsequent gene regulatory pathways control the determination, proliferation, and differentiation events that establish the specialized hormone-secreting cells. (medscape.com)

In vivo , a single administration of agrin promotes cardiac regeneration in adult mice after myocardial infarction, although the degree of cardiomyocyte proliferation observed in this model suggests that there are additional therapeutic mechanisms. (nature.com)
An important aspect of ESC research focuses on elucidating the mechanisms of differentiation from the pluripotent ESC to numerous terminally differentiated cell types. (bioinbrief.com)
The regenerative capacity of the olfactory epithelium therefore presents a powerful and experimentally accessible paradigm for elucidating the mechanisms regulating neural stem-cell function. (nih.gov)
We are using a variety of approaches to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating olfactory stem cells and olfactory neurogenesis in the mouse. (nih.gov)
Our studies provide a model for understanding the mechanisms regulating neural stem cells and lay the groundwork for the future development of treatments and therapeutics to ameliorate tissue damage and degeneration in the nervous system. (nih.gov)
The De Falco lab is interested in uncovering the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of the fetal gonad, focusing on how myeloid cells (such as macrophages) and vasculature promote tissue remodeling during organogenesis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the full promise of regenerative medicine has been difficult to achieve so far, partly due to our incomplete understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulating differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages and tissues. (confex.com)
Further, while cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression has been shown to drive dramatic phenotypic variations, the upstream epigenetic mechanisms regulating this heterogeneity remain largely unknown 8 . (confex.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
Cancer stem cells, instrumental in metastasis, would seem to ignore mechanisms normally functioning in the removal of excess cells. (iospress.com)
NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We are especially interested in mechanisms that allow rapid cell proliferation and hence rapid body growth in young mammals and subsequently suppress proliferation, thus setting a fundamental limit on the adult body size of the species. (nih.gov)
In addition, further investigation of the identified growth-limiting mechanisms may lead to broader medical applications, because disruption of these mechanisms may contribute to oncogenesis, and conversely transient therapeutic suspension of growth-limiting mechanisms in adult cells might be used to achieve tissue regeneration. (nih.gov)
The deceleration in body growth is due primarily to a progressive decline in cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
More specifically, regenerative medicine has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating degenerating tissues using different types of stem cells. (confex.com)
To understand how the genome and epigenome regulates cellular function, development of high-throughput sequencing methods, known as next-generation sequencing, are beginning to unravel genome-wide correlations between the genome, epigenome and transcriptome within a large population of cells or tissues. (confex.com)
Because tissues are composed of several cell-types and even cells within the same cell-type have been shown to display dramatic cell-to-cell variability in gene expression, bulk measurements obscure quantification of how genetic or epigenetic features directly influence the function of individual cells. (confex.com)
We have recently generated a conditional knockout model of Brd2 which will allow us to determine its function in adult tissues, including the germ line. (columbia.edu)
Mammalian adult stem cells resemble the blastomeres of planktonic and benthic organisms with small eggs and may have evolved in mature organisms as an adaptation to the growth and maintenance of tissues via proliferation and the regulation of organ size via cell loss (e.g., terminal differentiation). (iospress.com)
Strategies for regenerative therapies in adult mammals, therefore, might be based on stimulating growth of adult stem cells or their surrogates in specific tissues rather than on introducing embryonic stem cells into adults. (iospress.com)
Mosquito hemocytes are circulated throughout the hemocoel (body cavity) by the swift flow of hemolymph (blood), and data show that some hemocytes also exist as sessile cells that are attached to tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
The type IIcytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratinchains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
Ectoderm is one of three germ layers--groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. (asu.edu)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)

The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
The cellular products of embryonic stem cells routinely come under global influences and give rise to the cells of germ layers and organ rudiments. (iospress.com)
Eventually, the clump of cells goes through a stage called gastrulation, during which the embryo reorganizes itself into the three germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. (asu.edu)

This study demonstrates that suspension bioreactor tradition systems do indeed possess the ability to prevent differentiation, and actually induce 'transient' pluripotency within a defined differentiation protocol, presumably due to influence of shear stress on the cells. (bioinbrief.com)
Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

Animals produce gametes directly through meiosis from diploid mother cells in organs called gonads (testis in males and ovaries in females). (wikipedia.org)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
A ) The mammalian testis is composed of seminiferous tubules intertwined so that the "start" and "end" of these tubules are both connected to the rete testis. (jci.org)
B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
Additionally, we are investigating the roles of myeloid cells in regulating spermatogonial stem cell differentiation in the adult testis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
While the existence of SSCs in the adult testis is undisputed, their origin, identity and maintenance remain unclear. (elifesciences.org)

Transfer of a single nucleus at a specific stage of development, to an enucleated unfertilized egg, provided an opportunity to investigate whether cellular differentiation to that stage involved irreversible genetic modification. (todayinsci.com)
Thus, my research interests are to develop novel single-cell genomics methods to better understand how changes in the epigenetic landscape during normal development regulates cellular differentiation, information that is critical towards realizing the full potential of regenerative medicine. (confex.com)

2012) Cell lineage analysis of the mammalian female germline. (science20.com)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
Kusek G, Campbell M, Doyle F, Tenenbaum SA, Kiebler M, Temple S (2012) Segregation of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Stau2 during mammalian asymmetric neural stem cell division promotes lineage progression and differentiation. (ny.gov)
More specifically, the lineage-tracing experiments showed that FOXC2-producing uSPGs could produce paired uSPGs that would then either divide to form two single uSPGs (including some that retained Foxc2 expression), or form chains of aligned uSPGs containing at most one FOXC2-producing cell ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)

We evaluated the expression and activation of Notch pathway genes in the adult human and murine corneal epithelium during proliferation. (molvis.org)
Long-term efforts of this project will involve developing RAR-alpha selective antagonists, identifying the target genes of RAR-alpha, and determining their function in germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions. (columbia.edu)
Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
The pathway from embryogenesis to the full differentiation of specific functional cell types within the pituitary is controlled by numerous genes that encode transcription factors. (medscape.com)
Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
This finding is consistent with the fact that many FOXC2-regulated genes are involved in cell cycle arrest. (elifesciences.org)
For the downregulated genes in the program, gene ontology analyses indicated strong overrepresentation of genes implicated in cell growth/ proliferation (see reference 2). (nih.gov)
The observed effects on cell proliferation in vitro were concordant with effects on body size reported in mice with targeted ablation of these genes and thus suggest that the previously observed altered body size represents a direct effect on cell proliferation, rather than only indirect effects such as systemic disease, placental dysfunction, or impaired prior organogenesis. (nih.gov)
Kuo F, Fan K, Bentsi-Barnes I, Barlow G, Pisarska MD. Mutant Forkhead L2 (FOXL2) proteins associated with Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) likely Dimerize with wild type FOXL2, leading to altered regulation of Genes associated with Granulosa Cell Differentiation. (cedars-sinai.org)
Kuo FT, Fan K, Bentsi-Barnes I, Barlow GM, Pisarska MD. Mouse Forkhead L2 (FOXL2) maintains repression of FSH-dependent genes in the granulosa cell. (cedars-sinai.org)
In the process of tooth development, complex orchestration between genetic and epigenetic programs regulates the spatiotemporal expression of cell proliferation-, differentiation-, and migration-related genes, and finally tooth formation. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
Although glyphosate is commonly considered to be relatively non-toxic, we utilized in vitro DNA microarray analysis of this chemical to evaluate its capacity to alter the expression of a variety of genes in human cells. (cdc.gov)
We discussed the reported function of those genes, with emphasis on altered physiological states that are capable of initiating adverse health effects that might be anticipated if gene expression were significantly altered in either adults or embryos exposed in utero. (cdc.gov)
With roughly 30,000 genes in mammalian genomes, fection with a vector encoding MyoD (Tapscott et al. (lu.se)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

However, by convention, the following pattern is common for both: In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) is the technique of developing in vitro generated gametes, i.e., "the generation of eggs and sperm from pluripotent stem cells in a culture dish. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro , recombinant agrin promotes the division of cardiomyocytes that are derived from mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells through a mechanism that involves the disassembly of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, and Yap- and ERK-mediated signalling. (nature.com)
The in vitro differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes provides an opportunity to study the developmental aspects of cardiomyogenesis. (bioinbrief.com)
In vitro, the expression of Hes1 was higher in confluent cells maintained under high calcium conditions. (molvis.org)

The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

In mammalian germ cell development, sexually dimorphic gametes differentiates into primordial germ cells from pluripotent cells during initial mammalian development. (wikipedia.org)
A conclusion This scholarly research demonstrates that although cardiomyocyte difference can CL 316243 disodium salt manufacture end up being attained in stirred suspension system bioreactors, the addition of moderate boosters is certainly not really sufficient to power comprehensive difference as liquid shear factors show up to maintain a subpopulation of cells in a transient pluripotent condition. (bioinbrief.com)
The advancement of effective ESC difference protocols within suspension system bioreactors needs a even more comprehensive understanding of the affects of shear factors on the control of pluripotency and difference in pluripotent control cells. (bioinbrief.com)
These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)
Given the tremendous promise of regenerative medicine to enhance human health and treat disease, Congress included a provision in the 21st Century Cures Act to support a Regenerative Medicine Innovation Project ($30 million distributed over FY17 through FY20) for the funding of clinical research to further the field of regenerative medicine (RM) using adult stem cells, including autologous, non-autologous use as well as eligible induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (nih.gov)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

History Embryonic control cells (ESCs) are made from the internal cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos [1]. (bioinbrief.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
The embryos of larger arthropods and deuterostomes with well-provisioned eggs or viviparity, on the other hand, exhibit regulative development, while their larval "set-aside" or adult stem cells function in the growth, maintenance, and regulation of organ size coupled to constrained proliferation and cell turnover. (iospress.com)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
Embryonic stem cells are a particular type of stem cell derived from embryos. (asu.edu)

The adult mammalian heart is non-regenerative owing to the post-mitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. (nature.com)
The greatest goal in cardiac regenerative medicine is normally to make in large-scale, filtered cardiomyocytes which are ideal for cell transplantation highly. (bioinbrief.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
In the most well characterized "canonical" pathway in mammalian cells, the Notch intracellular domain (NotchIC) translocates to the nucleus where it mostly associates with the recombination signal binding protein for the immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJκ). (molvis.org)

To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

My graduate and postdoctoral research has focused on investigating how the genome and epigenome regulates the dynamics of gene expression in viral and mammalian systems 8 . (confex.com)
The research interests of the Wolgemuth lab focus on understanding the genetic control of gametogenesis and embryogenesis using mouse models and gene targeting, transgenic, and molecular and cell biological approaches. (columbia.edu)
First, neuronal phenotypes in the adult nervous system may be more plastic than previously recognised and more actively maintained by regulators of gene expression in response to ongoing retrograde (and possibly anterograde? (wiringthebrain.com)
The intra- and intertumor heterogeneity of cell types and gene mutations as well as the complexity of the microenvironment contribute to limiting the efficacy of the current therapeutic options for high grade glioma. (mdpi.com)
Epigenetic modifications play pivotal roles in organogenesis by controlling gene expression during cell fate determination and reprogramming. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
7] Orphanides G, Reinberg D. A unified theory of gene expression[J]. Cell, 2002, 108(4):439-451. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
Alteration of estrogen-regulated gene expression in human cells induced by the agricultural and horticultural herbicide glyphosate. (cdc.gov)
Gene expression is altered in mammalian cells (MCF-7 cells), by exposure to a variety of chemicals that mimic steroid hormones or interact with endocrine receptors or their co-factors. (cdc.gov)
This is a purified glycoprotein produced from mammalian cells and modified with the gene coding for human erythropoietin (EPO). (medscape.com)

In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. (wikipedia.org)
These diploid cells undergo meiotic division to create secondary spermatocytes. (wikipedia.org)
These secondary spermatocytes undergo a second meiotic division to produce immature sperms or spermatids. (wikipedia.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
In the fly visual system, for example, photoreceptor axons target the developing optic lobe and secrete the morphogen hedgehog, which induces optic lobe progenitor cells to complete a final cell division and undergo neuronal differentiation (Huang and Kunes, 1996). (wiringthebrain.com)
Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)

Background Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can proliferate endlessly and are capable to differentiate into every cell lineages that make up the mature organism. (bioinbrief.com)
In the future, embryonic stem cells may be able to restore sight to millions of people. (thefutureofthings.com)
These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)

Her group has continued to make pioneering contributions to the field of neural stem cell research, identifying factors intrinsic to these cells as well as external signaling molecules from the niche that participate in their self-renewal and differentiation. (ny.gov)
However, FOXC2-producing uSPGs were also capable of self-renewal, forming cells which feature genetic markers associated with SSCs. (elifesciences.org)

Likewise, strategies for the containment of cancer might be based on promoting normal pathways of cell loss, the basal mode for handling excess cells. (iospress.com)

Here we show that changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix during this week can affect cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation in mice. (nature.com)
Nevertheless, since we have previously observed that the suspension bioreactor environment enhances ESC pluripotency, while suppressing differentiation effectiveness [17], we wanted to investigate whether this trend would also happen in during cardiomyocyte differentiation. (bioinbrief.com)

C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)

Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
As an embryo develops, a single fertilized cell progresses through multiple rounds of cell division. (asu.edu)
According to US National Institutes of Health (NIH), in humans, the term "embryo" applies to a fertilized egg from the beginning of division up to the end of the eighth week of gestation, when the embryo becomes a fetus. (asu.edu)
Between fertilization and the eighth week of gestation, the embryo undergoes multiple cell divisions. (asu.edu)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)
2] Li Z, Yu M, Tian W. An inductive signalling network regulates mammalian tooth morphogenesis with implications for tooth regeneration[J]. Cell Prolif, 2013, 46(5):501-508. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
During neonatal corneal development, NotchIC was detected in occasional cells at P10 while at P15 and P90, it was found in the basal and early suprabasal layers. (molvis.org)
Quantitative Biology of Development & Stem Cells, Hubrecht Institute, The Netherlands. (confex.com)
Similarly, in specific cases, such as cancers, viral infections and in certain cell-types during normal development, mutations and other structural variations within the genome also influences cellular functions. (confex.com)
A second area of research involves elucidating the function of the BET family of double bromodomain-containing proteins, proteins that read epigenetic marks, during germ cell differentiation and neural development. (columbia.edu)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
Mystification may have been introduced historically with the concepts of determinate and regulative development, but, hopefully, the muddle can be resolved by tracing the evolution of stem cells in Metazoa. (iospress.com)
Regulation of the development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland by transcription factors. (medscape.com)
Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. (unibe.ch)
Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. (unibe.ch)
2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)

The generation of cellular diversity in the nervous system requires the specification and differentiation of a multitude of cell lineages from multipotent progenitor cells. (nih.gov)

The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
Researchers traced the number of divisions a cell has undergone with age (its 'depth') and counted the number of times progenitor germ cells divided before becoming oocytes. (science20.com)
We have demonstrated that cyclin A1 is essential for the progression of spermatocytes into the first meiotic division, that cyclin A2 is required for mitotic divisions of male germ cell stem cells, and that the E-type cyclins have unexpected function during meiosis, notably in the maintenance of telomere integrity. (columbia.edu)

In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)

Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
It can take place either through mitosis or meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into different depending on an organism's biological life cycle, gametes. (wikipedia.org)
Spermatogonia are diploid cells that become larger as they divide through mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Postnatal oogenesis through ongoing oogonial stem cell (OSC) mitosis explains increasing oocyte depth with age. (science20.com)
Infection induces an increase in the number of hemocytes, and tubulin and nuclear staining showed that this increase is primarily due to mitosis and, more specifically, autonomous cell division, by circulating granulocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
When a single uSPG divides, it can sometimes produce paired daughter cells that remain connected after mitosis. (elifesciences.org)

b) If continued proliferation of OSCs (red) and their subsequent differentiation into oocytes (blue) during postnatal life is superimposed on the production-line hypothesis, the emerging picture is consistent with a progressive increase in oocyte depth in females as they age. (science20.com)
Woods and colleagues say that "the recent work of Shapiro and colleagues is one of the first reports to offer experimental data consistent with a role for postnatal oocyte renewal in contributing to the reserve of ovarian follicles available for use in adult females as they age. (science20.com)
Paracrine regulation of mammalian oocyte maturation and male germ cell survival. (cedars-sinai.org)

Dr. Temple's group is focused on studying neural stem cells, and using this knowledge to develop therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. (ny.gov)
In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)

To overcome this limitation, recent advances in molecular biology have enabled genome-wide single-cell measurements of the transcriptome, genome or certain epigenetic marks that capture this cell-to-cell heterogeneity. (confex.com)

Males and females of a species that reproduce sexually have different forms of gametogenesis: spermatogenesis (male): Immature germ cells are produced in a man's testes. (wikipedia.org)

As a complementary approach, we also apply single-cell transcriptomic and single-cell epigenomic analyses to identify the genetic and epigenetic programs that both define and regulate olfactory neurogenesis during regeneration. (nih.gov)
Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)

Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)

The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)

Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)

Other research includes the etiology of germ cell tumors, which are one of the most common tumors arising in children. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
We showed that the BET family member BRDT is essential for proper chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation during meiotic prophase and also during spermiogenesis and that BRD2 is essential for embryonic survival and neural differentiation and function, in particular in the etiology of seizure susceptibility. (columbia.edu)

The inverse correlation between Notch signaling and the proliferative status of the corneal epithelium is consistent with the idea that Notch plays a role in corneal epithelial differentiation. (molvis.org)
Upon division, the slow cycling limbal epithelial stem cells give rise to daughter cells known as transient amplifying (TA) cells. (molvis.org)
3] Jussila M, Thesleff I. Signaling networks regulating tooth organogenesis and regeneration, and the specification of dental mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages[J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2012, 4(4):a008425. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

Some of these agents target the embryonic period's "window of susceptibility," three to eight weeks after a pregnant woman's last menstruation, when the highest degree of sensitivity to embryonic cell differentiation and organ formation occurs. (asu.edu)

The regulatory programs governing this process remain incompletely characterized, however, in part because of the difficulty in studying neuronal progenitor cells in their native environments. (nih.gov)
A study from Drosophila (Eade and Allan, 2009) suggests that retrograde signals, in this case involving bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, may also be required to maintain expression of neuronal phenotype in connecting cells, demonstrated through an effect on expression of a specific neuropeptide. (wiringthebrain.com)
Second, neurodegenerative disorders involving defects in axonal transport, such as Huntington's disease, may have their primary effects on neuronal phenotype and physiological function, inducing partial de-differentiation prior to overt degeneration. (wiringthebrain.com)
Aye votes move the voltage potential across the neuronal membrane in a positive direction by allowing positive ions to flow into the cell. (gnxp.com)
It is essential for normal erythropoiesis and is required for healthy neuronal function and normal function of rapidly growing cells. (medscape.com)

Usage: Mouse endothelial cells (MS1) and MS1 cells transduced to express full-length human TEM1 (MS1-TEM1) were cultured in 96-well plates to 30% confluence and then incubated for 96h in the presence of 10-fold serially diluted Streptavidin-ZAP, scFv78, or scFv78-ZAP starting from 40nM down to 0.04nM. (atsbio.com)
We used brain endothelial cells and mouse models of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann Pick disease (NPD), and postmortem LSD patients' brains, all compared to respective controls. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (worthington-biochem.com)

The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)
Making a tooth: growth factors, transcription factors, and stem cells [J]. Cell Res, 2005, 15(5):301-316. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

This differentiation capacity makes ESCs an attractive cell source for cell/tissue alternative therapies for the treatment of human degenerative diseases. (bioinbrief.com)
Upon severe injury, these adult tissue stem cells are activated and go on to reconstitute all of the cellular constituents of this sensory epithelium. (nih.gov)

The first of the three major projects involves understanding the function of the A and E-type cyclins during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles mainly during spermatogenesis but also in oogenesis. (columbia.edu)

There are areas in the cardiac muscle with anatomical and functional differentiation that present automatism, thus subjecting the rest of the fibers to their own rhythm. (bvsalud.org)

The chemical modification of RNA is a newly discovered epigenetic regulation mechanism in cells and plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Their larval and adult cells have narrow potencies, sometimes coupled to virtually unlimited … proliferation, and function in the growth, maintenance and regulation of body size. (iospress.com)
Our findings reveal a new unprecedented function for Nogo-A and NgR1 in the homeostatic regulation of the pace of neurogenesis in the adult mouse SVZ and in the migration of neuroblasts along the RMS. (jneurosci.org)

The cells of the ICM are no longer omnipotent, because they no longer share the fate of the trophoblast, and they have committed themselves to an embryonic fate with the ability to become any cell in the body (but not the trophoblast). (thefutureofthings.com)
It is a highly conserved network that orchestrates cell-fate decisions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and the hematopoietic systems of many organisms ranging from insects to humans. (molvis.org)
Importantly, a recent study suggests that the influence of this interplay also extends to the maintenance of cell fate in the adult nervous system. (wiringthebrain.com)
A morphogen is a molecule that determines the fate and phenotype of a group of cells through a concentration gradient across that developing region. (asu.edu)
The first step was for the team to follow the fate of these cells for six weeks following transplantation. (elifesciences.org)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. (unibe.ch)

Chronic anemia due to intrinsic RBC abnormalities such as hemoglobinopathies, unstable hemoglobins, red cell membrane abnormalities, and red cell enzyme abnormalities do not warrant specific medications. (medscape.com)

Spermatogenesis in adult mammals is highly organized, with the goal being continual sperm production. (jci.org)
The notion of a biological clock in women arises from the fact that immature egg cells- 'oocytes' - progressively decline in number as females get older, along with a decades-old view that oocytes cannot be renewed in mammals after birth. (science20.com)
While traditional thinking has held that female mammals are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, newer research has demonstrated that adult mouse and human ovaries contain a rare population of progenitor germ cells called oogonial stem cells capable of dividing and generating new oocytes. (science20.com)

Cell Biol. (nature.com)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)
A summarization of DNA methyaltion modification research [J]. Chin J Cell Biol, 2010, 32(2):189-192. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

Finally, the lab is pursuing studies on the role of retinoid signaling during male germ cell differentiation, again in using molecular genetic approaches in the mouse model, and more recently, pharmacologic intervention. (columbia.edu)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Recently, she helped identify a novel, accessible adult human CNS stem cell in the retinal pigment epithelium, which offers the possibility of developing therapeutics for retinal disease. (ny.gov)
Adult Human RPE can be activated into a multipotent stem cell that produces mesenchymal derivatives. (ny.gov)
A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
The image depicts a curled up infant-like human, now referred to as a homunculus, inside the head of a sperm cell. (asu.edu)
Only a few follicles in the human ovary survive to complete the cytodifferentiation process, with 99.9% dying by a programmed cell death mechanism called apoptosis. (glowm.com)
Its biological activity mimics human urinary EPO, which stimulates division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitor cells and induces the release of reticulocytes from bone marrow into the blood stream. (medscape.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

Foam-cell infiltration and visceromegaly are common features in all forms, but neurologic involvement occurs only in types A and C and not in type B. (medscape.com)

In a new assessment of the work by Shapiro and colleagues, reproductive biologists Dori Woods, Evelyn Telfer and Jonathan Tilly conclude that the most plausible explanation for these findings is that progenitor germ cells in ovaries continue to divide throughout reproductive life, resulting in production of new oocytes with greater depth as animals age. (science20.com)
Although these investigations were performed in mice, there is emerging evidence that oogonial stem cells are also present in the ovaries of reproductive-age women, and these cells possess the capacity, like their mouse counterparts, to generate new oocytes under certain experimental conditions. (science20.com)

Together, our results uncover a new inducer of mammalian heart regeneration and highlight fundamental roles of the extracellular matrix in cardiac repair. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Agrin induces cardiac regeneration in adult mice. (nature.com)

In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)

Anatomy72

Organisms19

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Neurons14

Proliferation and differentiation5

Mechanisms17

Tissues15

Germ layers3

Induce4

Testis6

Cellular differentiation2

Lineage8

Genes17

Vitro4

Fetal2

Pluripotent6

Embryos5

Regenerative5

Pathway2

Stem and progenitor2

Gene9

Terminally differentiated cell1

Undergo6

Embryonic stem5

Self-renewal2

Pathways1

Cardiomyocyte2

Spermatogonial2

Embryo8

Morphogenesis2

Development11

Multipotent progenitor cells1

Divisions3

Genomes1

Mitosis6

Oocyte3

Neural stem2

Epigenetic marks1

Gametogenesis1

Regulate2

19971

Turnover1

Intracellular1

Etiology2

Epithelial3

Organ1

Neuronal5

Endothelial cells3

Transcription factors2

Tissue2

Meiotic1

Functional1

Regulation3

Fate6

20231

Abnormalities1

Mammals3

Biol3

Molecular1

Human11

Occurs1

Ovaries2

Cardiac2

Roles1