• INSC regulates spindle orientation to facilitate the division of radial glia cells into IPC's. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations may cause overproduction of radial glia, impaired and improperly timed IPC development, and underproduction of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The FOXP2 overexpression results in higher cortical neurogenesis by increasing the transition of radial glia to the intermediate progenitor. (bvsalud.org)
  • These data, together with the bioinformatic analysis, suggest that higher H1-receptor activity in embryos under high glucose increases FOXP2 nuclear translocation, presumably through PKCα phosphorylation, impairing the transition of radial glia to intermediate progenitor and increasing neuron differentiation in embryos of diabetic rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show an important role of the secreted molecule reelin for the establishment of radial glia processes. (silverchair.com)
  • Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. (edu.au)
  • Müller glia , or Müller cells , are a type of retinal glial cells , first recognized and described by Heinrich Müller. (iiab.me)
  • Müller glia are derived developmentally from two distinct populations of cells. (iiab.me)
  • However, a subset of Müller glia has been shown to originate from neural crest cells. (iiab.me)
  • [4] Müller glia have also been implicated to serve as guidepost cells for the developing axons of neurons in the chick retina. (iiab.me)
  • As glial cells, Müller glia serve a secondary but important role to neurons . (iiab.me)
  • [14] Studies in human models have demonstrated that Müller glia have the potential to serve as stem cells in the adult retina [15] and are efficient rod photoreceptor progenitors. (iiab.me)
  • [2] [17] It has been shown in zebrafish that Müller glia undergo dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells . (iiab.me)
  • Here we turn to the issue of how progenitor cells within these regions differentiate into neurons and glial cells, the two major cell types that populate the nervous system. (mhmedical.com)
  • The main structural feature of the cerebral cortex is the arrangement of cortical neurons and glial cells in layers that run parallel to the surface of the brain. (springer.com)
  • These neural stem cells divide rapidly, driving growth of the early brain, but later, these stem cells begin to generate neurons through the process of neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neural stem cell Stem cell Radial glial cell Neurogenesis Cellular differentiation Gilbert, Scott F. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basic mechanisms of neurogenesis endow cells with common neuronal properties, features that are largely independent of the region of the nervous system in which they are generated or the specific functions they perform. (mhmedical.com)
  • Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
  • These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Glial cell production increases as neurogenesis declines, peaking during the early postnatal period ( Bayer and Altman, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In Hexapoda and crustaceans, neurogenesis involves the neuroblast, a type of neural stem cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Euchelicerata and Myriapoda, neurogenesis lacks neural stem cells, featuring instead direct immigration of neural cell groups from fixed sites in the neuroectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Hexapoda and at least some crustaceans (malacostracans and branchiopods), neurogenesis is coupled to a type of neural stem cell (NSC), the neuroblast (NB) [ 24 - 37 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, a novel murine model of fetal ZIKV infection incorporating intraventricular infection and cell type-specific in utero electroporation (IUE) was used to identify the time course of ZIKV infection and to determine the identity of cells that are initially infected or spared during neocortical neurogenesis. (eneuro.org)
  • Previous work in the embryonic rodent brain suggested that the preferential inheritance of the pre-existing (older) centrosome to the self-renewed progenitor cell is required to maintain stem cell properties, ensuring proper neurogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, the data described here use a novel genetic approach to birthdate centrosomes in human cells and identify asymmetric inheritance of centrosomes as a mechanism to maintain self-renewal properties and to ensure proper neurogenesis in human NPCs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, adult neurogenesis represents another means, apart from molecular, synaptic, or morphological changes of an individual cell, to alter the functional circuitry depending on the demand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
  • However, stem cells are difficult to distinguish from multipotential progenitors, which may look and act like them. (karger.com)
  • Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
  • and iv) restriction of tangentially oriented cell proliferation to the apical cell layer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in the second phase, the formation of a central invagination in each hemi-neuromere is accompanied by the differentiation of apical neural stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo time course studies revealed the presence of ZIKV in apical radial glial cells (aRGCs) at early time points following virus exposure, while basal intermediate progenitor cells (bIPCs) became maximally (ZIKV + ) after 3 d of virus exposure. (eneuro.org)
  • The improved specificity of apical radial glial cell (aRGC) labeling afforded by the cell-specific labeling tools uncover functional differences between aRGC types that will have important implications for children exposed to ZIKV as well as for understanding corticogenesis. (eneuro.org)
  • In embryonic cells, Nfix has been shown to regulate intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) generation by promoting the transcription of the protein inscuteable (INSC). (wikipedia.org)
  • The progenitor cell can then divide and differentiate into a number of retinal cell types, including photoreceptor cells , that may have been damaged during injury. (iiab.me)
  • We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During human forebrain development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo asymmetric cell divisions to produce a self-renewed progenitor cell, maintaining the potential to go through additional rounds of cell divisions, and differentiating daughter cells, populating the developing cortex. (elifesciences.org)
  • Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • Combining in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of NSPCs decrease significantly in Ythdf2 −/− embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During these early vesicle stages, the walls of the neural tube contain neural stem cells in a region called the neuroepithelium or ventricular zone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radial glial cells are characterized, besides their astroglial properties,by long radial processes extending from the ventricular zone to the pial surface, a crucial feature for the radial migration of neurons. (silverchair.com)
  • We describe a significant reduction in ventricular zone cells with long radial processes in the absence of reelin in the cortex of reeler mutant mice. (silverchair.com)
  • Using an intact cortical mantle and confocal laser microscopy, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations in neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) cells in situ . (jneurosci.org)
  • The directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into specific neuronal subtypes provides an unlimited supply of human neurons that can be used to study disease mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • While much is known about biochemical signaling, many of the mechanisms that drive cell outcome in response to biophysical influences remain to be uncovered. (5dok.org)
  • The mission of this unit is to understand the biogenesis of the cell compartments and the molecular mechanisms that govern normal cellular functions. (institut-curie.org)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Childhood malignancies of the nervous system: exploring the dissemination of tumoral cells in light of the mechanisms of the embryonic development. (inmg.fr)
  • Our studies of specific retinoid receptors and bioactive metabolites in control of diverse biological processes should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying development and function of specific cell types and relevant neural circuits. (igbmc.fr)
  • We also investigate mechanisms of glial cell development and biology to elaborate regenerative medicine approaches in multiple sclerosis . (igbmc.fr)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It ever is nervous slums in the organization against interest by frameworks( disease, box items, services, books and cells) and diseases( services and mechanisms). (steinackers.de)
  • Nfix may suppress oligodendrocyte expression so cells remain committed to neuron development within the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similarly, histamine through H1-receptor activation increases cortical neuron differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In agreement with the function of Ythdf2, delayed degradation of neuron differentiation-related m 6 A-containing mRNAs is seen in Ythdf2 −/− NSPCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the newborn neuron develops an extension, the axon, destined to embark on an incredible journey, in search of the cells with which it will establish communication. (inmg.fr)
  • Remarkably, approximately half of the neurons generated in the mammalian nervous system are lost through programmed cell death. (mhmedical.com)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • Upon an electrochemical switch, growth factor presentation was reversed, which initiated cellular differentiation along the neuronal lineages. (5dok.org)
  • Intermediate progenitor cells can divide to produce neuroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Directly basal to the neural stem cells, an additional type of intermediate neural precursor is found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Neuronal migration is known to be very diverse, with some neurons migrating along radial glial cells, others along axons, others without any apparent specific substrate and yet others in glial tubes as community. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • Signals that allow axons to locate themselves in space, called topographic or guidance signals, are also used by cells that migrate to build nerve structures. (inmg.fr)
  • Can axons and cells get lost along the way or take wrong destination? (inmg.fr)
  • We discuss some of the molecules that specify neuronal and glial cell fates and how they are regulated. (mhmedical.com)
  • Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic signals are likely to influence the proliferative potential and eventual fates of precursor cells within the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Asymmetric divisions result in two daughter cells with different fates and cellular behaviour: one daughter remains in the VZ and retains the ability to self-renew, comparable to the mother cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
  • Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
  • Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. (edu.au)
  • Through qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistofluorescence, and flow cytometry, we showed an increased FOXP2 expression and nuclear localization, a reduced Nestin expression and -positive cells number, and a higher PKCα expression in the cortical neuroepithelium of fourteen-day-old embryos from diabetic rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10:932814. (brh.co.jp)
  • Modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) may be part of the signaling pathway by which both local environmental factors and cell autonomous developmental programs influence corticogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The findings will be of interest to developmental neurobiologists, but also more broadly to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Professor Richards' lab is interested in the development of the cortical midline and aspects of glial and neuronal development that impact the formation of midline structures such as the corpus callosum. (edu.au)
  • Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)
  • To investigate this heterogeneous vulnerability, we performed genetic fate mapping using cell type-specific probes derived from a mouse embryonic day (E)15.5 neocortical wall single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) dataset. (eneuro.org)
  • In normal cells, the fate of pyruvate depends on many factors, one of which is oxygen availability. (hindawi.com)
  • Using in utero electroporation, in vivo genetic fate mapping and cell ablation techniques, this project is focused on how the multiple populations of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the embryonic brain are lineally related and how their combined output leads to proper forebrain development. (bu.edu)
  • Here we have investigated biophysical regulation of cell function. (5dok.org)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most intramedullary spinal cord tumors are considered to be glial in origin because they are histologically and immunohistochemically similar to differentiated non-neuronal cell types, such as ependymal cells and astrocytes, which occur in nonpathological spinal cord tissue. (medscape.com)
  • It notes the link between gene expression and cell differentiation by addressing how referencing extracellular signals having have a key role in differentiation, as they by triggering intracellular signalling pathways that impact gene expression. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
  • The objectives are to compare cell behaviors using imaging techniques and transcriptomic analyses to identify signaling pathways governing the pathfinding strategies of malignant cells during their dissemination. (inmg.fr)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
  • 3D animation of Müller cell processes (red) interconnected with a retinal microglia cell (green). (iiab.me)
  • Bringing each axon and each cell to its destination is a real challenge and it is these processes that our team is studying. (inmg.fr)
  • The project aims at characterizing shared and unshared behaviors of malignant cells with their cells of origin labeled by specific fluorescent reporters, focusing on migratory processes. (inmg.fr)
  • However, despite a significant functional relevance of this form of whole-cell plasticity, little is known about the processes that regulate it. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measuring gene expression in specific cellular subsets is key to understanding cellular function and differentiation and how these processes are disrupted during disease pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MCPH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern in which both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, elucidation of cell morphologic features using in utero electroporation (IUE) revealed substantial but incomplete interruption of basal fibers, a finding that implies interference with neuronal migration. (eneuro.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that these events occurred primarily in precursor cells rather than in postmitotic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The morphological characteristics of these cells and immunohistochemical staining suggested that the coordinated events occurred in gap junction-coupled precursor cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • The transcriptional signatures of neural precursor cells (NPCs) were used for the first time to test Zika virus (ZIKV) susceptibility in a direct fetal brain infection model. (eneuro.org)
  • Our results show that we can tune cell stiffness and migration by regulating Notch activity and matrix stiffness. (5dok.org)
  • Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
  • Ngns (class II bHLH transcription factors) are known as pro-neural factors as they are necessary to initiate differentiation of NSPCs and are important to specify a neuronal subtype[3]. (bartleby.com)
  • Mapping of cell types onto a spatial larval reference atlas created a resource for anatomical and functional studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Brain tumor is the reason for high mortality of the people.There is a treatment for brain tumor are chemotherapy,surgeroy and radiological treatment or combined of these treatment methods.MRI is essential tool in the clinical and surgical environment due to superior soft tissue differentiation, high spatial resolution, contrast and it does not use any harmful ionizing radiation which may affect patients. (campuscrosswalk.org)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • We encountered a protein, the originally called AT-Hook transcription factor AKNA, that was located with exquisite cell type specificity at the centrosome. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • The human brain provides a clear example: many brain cell types display abnormal gene expression patterns when grown in culture [ 2 ] and must be acutely isolated from intact brain tissue to insure physiological relevance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CellMapper takes as input (1) a large set of gene expression data and (2) a query gene (or genes) specifically expressed in the cell type of interest and then estimates the probability that every other gene in the dataset is co-expressed with the query gene (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we analyzed the structure and epigenetic landscapes of cell lineages in the telencephalon of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) that possesses a clearly delineated dorsal pallium (Dd2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Taken together, we suggest that cell lineages are the basic components for the functional regionalization in the pallial anatomical compartments and that their changes have been the driving force for evolutionary diversity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glial cells are primarily produced in a second germinal zone, the subventricular zone that is located superficially to the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mfge8, a secreted glycoprotein, is a key molecule that mediates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • the neuroblast stage has the highest temporal variance within the cell types of the neurogenic cascade, while the apoptotic stage is short. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These questions are mainly addressed through the study of a population of embryonic cells with remarkable properties, the neural crest. (inmg.fr)
  • Journal of Cell Biology 193, 1137-1146. (brh.co.jp)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Raleigh earned a bachelor's degree in molecular and cell biology as well as a bachelor's degree in cognitive science from the University of California, Berkeley. (ucsf.edu)
  • We then apply our algorithm to a large compendium of 19,801 microarrays and identify genes specifically expressed in 30 diverse cell types of widespread importance in human biology, demonstrating that CellMapper can be readily used for cell types from many different tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In each hemi-segment, a set of neuroblasts produces neural cells by repeated asymmetrical and interiorly directed divisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the currently available data, a common origin of pycnogonid neural stem cells and tetraconate neuroblasts remains unresolved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
  • Our lab studies the interplays between cells and their environment during the formation of the nervous system. (inmg.fr)
  • As a result, expression data are only available for a small fraction of the ~150 cell types [ 7 ] of the human central nervous system and this problem is similar for many other tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These are multipotent cells endowed with high migratory potential, that contribute to many tissues in the body. (inmg.fr)
  • To model and thus be able to study thse childhood malignancies in an embryonic context, we have developed a paradigm of human tumor cell transplantation within selected tissues of the avian embryo. (inmg.fr)
  • There is an uncontrollable and abnormal growth of cells in tissues creates cancer in the body. (campuscrosswalk.org)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, CellMapper makes accurate predictions for human brain cell types that have never been isolated, and can be rapidly applied to diverse cell types from many tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, some disease variants show significant overlap only with the neuronal centrosome proteome, and others, such as those of patients with periventricular heterotopia, only with the neural stem cell centrosome proteome. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • Embryonic stem cells have been identified by scientist as a type of stem cell that can advance regenerative medicine. (bartleby.com)
  • On the cover: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroepithelial-like stem cells stained for actin (green) and DNA (blue). (5dok.org)
  • We used conjugated polymers to develop a novel neural stem cell culture substrate with anchored growth factors to promote cell self-renewal. (5dok.org)
  • Using a novel, recombination-induced tag exchange-based genetic tool to birthdate and track the segregation of centrosomes over multiple cell divisions in human embryonic stem cell-derived regionalised forebrain organoids, we show the preferential inheritance of the older mother centrosome towards self-renewed NPCs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our goal is to decipher the highly diverse functions of vitamin A, its active derivatives (retinoic acids), and the corresponding nuclear receptors (RARs/RXRs), in neural development, aging, and in stem cell control. (igbmc.fr)
  • Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In adult development, the timing of neural differentiation is regulated by Nfix to promote ongoing growth of the hippocampus and proper memory function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using an integrated analysis of single-cell transcriptomes of approximately 64,000 cells obtained from 6-day-postfertilization (dpf), 15-dpf, and adult telencephalon, we delineated nine main neuronal cell types in the pallium and eight in the subpallium and nominated novel marker genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Comparing zebrafish and mouse neuronal cell types revealed both conserved and absent types and marker genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our approaches combine experimental embryology and functional studies of genes of interest in our avian models, 3D light sheet microscopy to cartography cells and molecules at the whole embryo level, videomicroscopy, and large-scale transcriptomic analyses. (inmg.fr)
  • We present a sensitive approach to predict genes expressed selectively in specific cell types, by searching publicly available expression data for genes with a similar expression profile to known cell-specific markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is these differentially expressed genes that frequently control cell differentiation, define cell-specific phenotypes, and provide the core signature of cell identity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By focusing on identifying differentially expressed genes, it turns a more complex model-fitting problem into a classification problem [ 9 ], opening the door to algorithms that may be more sensitive, especially for rare and difficult-to-isolate cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these algorithms all require very large training sets of both positive and negative control genes (≥10 of each) to define any cell type. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This requirement poses a severe limitation for most biological applications, as it is difficult to curate such a large list of established marker genes for even well-studied cell types and impossible for many others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present CellMapper , an algorithm optimized for sensitive identification of cell type-enriched genes using as little as a single query gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • The transcriptional signatures of the neuronal cell types in the telencephalon and the timeline of their emergence from larva to adult remain largely undescribed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Analyzing the samples from each age separately revealed further complexity in the data, including several cell types that expand substantially in the adult forebrain and do not form clusters at the larval stages. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, our work provides a comprehensive transcriptional analysis of the cell types in the zebrafish telencephalon and a resource for dissecting its development and function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell differentiation leads to distinguishable cell types, such as blood cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
  • Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
  • As this function is exerted across many cell types, not much attention has been paid to the differences of centrosomes between cells. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • However, the greatest potential embryonic stem cells presents are its ability to change into any of the more than 200 different cell types in the body. (bartleby.com)
  • Our method, CellMapper, strongly outperforms previous computational algorithms to predict cell type-specific expression, especially for rare and difficult-to-isolate cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, there are steep technical challenges to obtaining pure populations of many cell types for expression profiling [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These algorithms take advantage of the fact that the relative proportion of cell types varies from sample to sample, making it possible to statistically deconvolve expression changes in the underlying cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that CellMapper can make accurate predictions for four human brain cell types that have never been isolated and cannot be addressed by any other computational method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose an opportunity to target the cancer cell/microenvironment interface instead of the Notch pathway itself in the development of cancer therapies. (5dok.org)
  • During human brain development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) undergo two modes of cell division. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nonetheless, the recent and continuous development of new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) toolkits has enabled researchers to compare transcriptomes at a single-cell resolution, thus facilitating the analysis of individual cellular features and a deeper understanding of cellular functions. (molcells.org)
  • One promising solution has been the development of computational methods to infer cell type-specific expression information directly from heterogeneous samples [ 8 - 19 ], such as undissociated tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • The tumor was removed en bloc (right), and the postsurgical cavity in the spinal cord is shown (bottom left). (medscape.com)
  • Role of Dusp6 Phosphatase as a Tumor Suppressor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The potential of regenerative medicine ranges from allowing pancreatic cells to produce insulin for diabetics to reconnecting the nerves in severed spinal cords. (bartleby.com)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Using biologically relevant elastic substrates to study cell function in vitro has proven beneficial, as the in vivo microenvironment usually is much softer than rigid plastic dishes. (5dok.org)
  • This chapter focuses on reptiles and birds which undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage, wherein the early cell divisions do not cut through the yolk of the egg but form a blastoderm. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
  • Damage to retinal cells results in Müller cells to undergo gliosis . (iiab.me)