Differentiation cell antigen receptor clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The proliferation of the Mx9/9 stimulated cloned anticlone cells was blocked by anti-class II MoAbs, indicating that the autoreactive clones recognize their target antigen in conjunction with HLA Class II products. (ox.ac.uk)
However, the anti-Mx9/9 clones responded also to the autologous EBV line, and thus the target antigen is not known. (ox.ac.uk)
An alternative approach to engage T cells for cancer therapy are antibodies, which are bispecific for a surface target antigen on cancer cells, and for CD3 on T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Pioneering work by Kufer and colleagues ( 6 ) showed that CD3/target antigen-bispecific antibodies of this particular design had an exceptionally high potency, and could likewise engage CD8 + and CD4 + T cells for redirected lysis of cancer cells at very low effector to target (E:T) ratios. (aacrjournals.org)
Our results highlight the importance of the specific target antigen epitope in governing optimal CAR-T activity and provide a nanobody-based B7-H3 CAR-T product for use in solid tumor therapy. (nature.com)

We have investigated the role of the CD2 protein in the negative regulation of immune function and report that similar to antigen and anti-CD3, the monoclonal anti-CD2 antibodies (T112 and T113) can induce specific unresponsiveness. (ox.ac.uk)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) usually involves the expansion of a clone of CD5+ B cells synthesizing IgM antibodies. (omicsdi.org)
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, http://www.imgt.org , the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, was created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS) to manage the huge diversity of the antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, and T cell receptors (TR) of the adaptive immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we review the principle of a new class of bispecific antibodies called BiTE (for "bispecific T-cell engager") antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
The concept of using such bispecific antibodies to engage cytotoxic T cells for cancer cell lysis was shown by Staerz and colleagues ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Likewise, bispecific antibodies for engagement of other cytotoxic immune cells were constructed, for instance, targeting Fcγ RI/CD64 on macrophages and Her2/neu or EGFR on tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
By using just one CD3-specific binding arm, such bispecific antibodies can monovalently bind to all T cells, but do so only with rather low affinity ( 7 ), which will not trigger T-cell signaling by CD3, unless the BiTE antibody is presented to the T cell in a multivalent fashion by a target cell ( 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Both antibodies recognized human Langerhans cells, previously shown to express RANK, while dermal dendritic cells were poorly labeled. (cnrs.fr)
CD20 is the target of the monoclonal antibodies rituximab , ocrelizumab , obinutuzumab , ofatumumab , ibritumomab tiuxetan , tositumomab , and ublituximab , which are all active agents in the treatment of all B cell lymphomas , leukemias , and B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. (wikidoc.org)
An inflammation response that mobilizes both T and B cells results in the creation of antibodies against these cells, causing them to become less responsive to insulin by an as-yet unknown mechanism and promoting hypertension , hypertriglyceridemia , and arteriosclerosis , hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome . (wikidoc.org)
Obese mice administered anti-B cell CD-20 antibodies, however, did not become less responsive to insulin and as a result did not develop diabetes mellitus or the metabolic syndrome, the posited mechanism being that anti-CD20 antibodies rendered the T cell antibodies dysfunctional and therefore powerless to cause insulin desensitivity by a B cell antibody-modulated autoimmune response. (wikidoc.org)
In 1940, Linus Pauling proposed his template theory of antibody formation, one of many such theories that rejected Paul Ehrlich's selective theory of preformed "receptors" (antibodies), assuming instead a direct molding of antibody shapes onto that of the antigen. (ucpress.edu)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Human IL-5 is a potent eosinophil differentiation and activation factor in vivo and in vitro . (rndsystems.com)
Activation, differentiation, and migration of naive virus-specific CD8+ T cells during pulmonary influenza virus infection. (cdc.gov)
In humans, CD38 is expressed by the majority of hematopoietic cells at levels which vary according to the differentiation and activation status of the cells. (stemcell.com)
CAR comprises an extracellular, cancer-specific antibody fused with the intracellular signaling activation domains of CD3 and co-activation ligands, such as CD28 or 4-1BB [ 17 , 18 ], which provide engineered T cells with an MHC‐independent mechanism through which to kill cancer cells directly. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, enhancing PDC recruitment and activation to arthritic joints by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist imiquimod significantly ameliorated arthritis in various mouse models. (cnrs.fr)
The TNF-family member Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) is known for its role in bone homeostasis and is increasingly recognized as a central player in immune regulation and epithelial cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
CD19 is involved in B cell development, activation, and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
B cell activation and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for protein C that enhances its activation. (wikidoc.org)
EPCR protein is an N-glycosylated type I membrane protein that enhances the activation of protein C. [3] It belongs to the MHC class I / CD1 family of proteins, that is characterized by having a deep groove, that in other proteins in the family (but not in EPCR) is usually used for antigen binding. (wikidoc.org)
MHC-II molecules drive the development, activation, and homeostasis of CD4 + T-helper cells. (hindawi.com)
It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
CD9 antigen modulates cell adhesion, migration and platelet activation. (techblessing.com)
GM1CD9 triggers platelet activation resulted in platelet aggregation, but it is blocked by anti-Fc receptor CD32. (techblessing.com)
Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
However, despite constitutive B cell expression of CD40 and lymphokine receptors, widespread nonspecific polyclonal B cell activation by activated T cells is seldom observed in vivo. (uthscsa.edu)
The ability of class II MHC‐mediated signals to enhance Ag‐specific B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signaling may selectively promote the activation of B cell clones capable of cognate interactions with helper T cells. (uthscsa.edu)
Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)
Indeed, there are now compelling data to suggest that chronic cytokine activation may contribute substantially to the phenotype and effector function of synovial T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
I conclude by speculating about how our understanding of T-cell activation in chronic inflammation may influence future therapy, and discuss this in the context of the prevailing view that in a susceptible host, chronic inflammatory disease occurs through a failure of regulatory T cells to downregulate the inflammatory process. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)

Monocytes in the bone marrow transiently express Gr-1 during development and the expression level is strongly correlated with granulocyte differentiation and maturation. (stemcell.com)
Collectively, these data suggest that not all members of a B-CLL clone are frozen at the surface membrane Ig-expressing stage of B cell maturation, and that some members can switch to the production of non-IgM isotypes. (omicsdi.org)
CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation,, persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. (enquirebio.com)
Residual autologous T cells are usually emerging from partial thymic maturation impairment such as in the case of Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) deficiency. (hindawi.com)
Much of the remainder of the discussion focuses on the different ways in which, in the longer term, the chronic inflammatory process influences maturation, differentiation, and function of effector T cells at sites of inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
Antibody- and T-cell-based approaches to targeting of B-cell maturation antigen have shown efficacy. (msdmanuals.com)

One unusual lymphocyte clone (2E8) was propagated for more than 1 year in IL-7 alone and was selectively responsive to that cytokine. (elsevierpure.com)
The multiple effects of IL-5 are mediated by binding of the cytokine to specific cell surface receptors expressed on target cells. (rndsystems.com)
Notably, the BsAb-armed T cells did not cause obvious cytokine release syndrome or tissue toxicity in SCID mice bearing human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. (nature.com)
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a CD4+ T cell-derived cytokine that promotes inflammatory responses in cell lines and is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and transplant rejection. (thermofisher.com)
This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and thus functions as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. (origene.com)
On the basis of these data, it is proposed that T-cell survival and effector responses are driven by antigen-independent, cytokine-dependent mechanisms, and that therapeutic strategies that seek to restore T-cell homeostasis rather than further depress T-cell function should be explored in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
This process of differentiation is characterised by a distinctive pattern of cytokine production and is important because its outcome dictates the host response to foreign pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes infection or to parasitic infestation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For cytokine genes, at least three stages are thought to be required for the acquisition of transcriptional competence in T cells: an initiation phase, a commitment phase, and a phase of acute gene transcription (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)

When compared to mature B lymphomas, fewer bands coprecipitated with the surface-labeled Ig isolated from pre-B- and early B-cell lines, suggesting that components of the antigen receptor are sequentially acquired during development. (elsevierpure.com)
It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes, or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. (origene.com)

Bishop, GA, Warren, WD & Berton, MT 1995, ' Signaling via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and antigen receptors enhances the B cell response to gp39/CD40 ligand ', European Journal of Immunology , vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1230-1238. (uthscsa.edu)

The 1A8 antibody reacts with Ly-6G, a 21 - 25 kDa GPI-anchored protein, which together with the structurally related Ly-6C protein comprises the granulocyte receptor-1 antigen (Gr-1). (stemcell.com)
Human and mouse IL-5 R alpha are both members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily characterized by the presence of the WSXWS, and a four cysteine residue motif in the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein. (rndsystems.com)
In addition to the cDNA clone encoding the full-length transmembrane protein, cDNA clones that arise from alternative splicing and that encode soluble secreted forms of IL-5 R alpha have been isolated from mouse as well as human cells. (rndsystems.com)
SARS-COV-2 infects hosts via its spike (S) protein, which has two portions, S1 that binds the cell and S2 that is involved in viral entry via fusion with the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
Using a cell apoptosis assay based on stimulation of a RANK:Fas fusion protein, and a cellular NF-kappaB signaling assay, we showed that R12-31 was agonist for both species. (cnrs.fr)
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) also known as activated protein C receptor (APC receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROCR gene . (wikidoc.org)
The protein is also involved in Plasmodium falciparum malaria as subtypes of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family use EPCR of the host as a receptor. (wikidoc.org)
2001). "Identification of the protein C/activated protein C binding sites on the endothelial cell protein C receptor. (wikidoc.org)
These cells expand in the periphery, causing tissue infiltration and damage due to breakdown of both central (e.g., autoimmune regulator, AIRE protein dysfunction) and peripheral (FOXP3 + deficiency) tolerance mechanisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron / exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. (wikidoc.org)
The protein has no known natural ligand [4] and its function is to enable optimal B-cell immune response, specifically against T-independent antigens. (wikidoc.org)
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Whole cell protein from THP-1 cells was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. (novusbio.com)
the encoded protein exhibits 72 percent amino acid identity with HVS13 , an open reading frame from a T lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri, and 63 percent with mouse CTLA-8 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-8). (thermofisher.com)
Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
The interaction of sGAG with α2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (LRPAP1), exportin-1 (XPO1), and serine protease HTRA1 (HTRA1) was confirmed in reverse assays. (degruyter.com)
Full length human recombinant protein of human PTPRC(NP_002829) produced in HEK293T cell. (origene.com)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis typically requires demonstration of M-protein (sometimes present in urine and not serum but rarely absent entirely) and/or light-chain proteinuria, and excessive plasma cells in the bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
In 15 to 20% of patients, plasma cells secrete only Bence Jones protein. (msdmanuals.com)

The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
Background CD8 + T cells are critical components of the immune reaction against viral infections and cancer and have the potential to eliminate infected or malignant cells. (bmj.com)
Conversely, genetic ablation of ADRB1 prevented terminal CD8 + T cell differentiation in chronic viral infection and ADRB1-blockade enhanced T cell functionality in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in an ICB-sensitive melanoma model. (bmj.com)
Conclusions In summary, our data suggest that β adrenergic receptors represent a novel immune checkpoint that modulates CD8 + T cell differentiation and function in the context of chronic antigen exposure and that targeting adrenergic receptors may synergize with ICB in cancer patients. (bmj.com)
However, tumor-specific T-cell responses are difficult to mount and sustain in cancer patients, and are limited by numerous immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells selected during immunoediting. (aacrjournals.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
In addition to immune defects that affect IgE synthesis, defects of cell-mediated immunity have also been reported, consistent with impaired TH 1 responses. (medscape.com)
Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (nature.com)
These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
However, cellular immune reconstitution of CMV-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CMV-CTL) is generally considered to be necessary for the long-term control of CMV reactivation after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
A better and deeper understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT is required for further clinical application of these adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
A link between the immune system 's B cells and diabetes mellitus has been determined. (wikidoc.org)
Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
Most of the expanded cells undergo terminally differentiation and die following antigen clearance to re-establish immune homeostasis. (wustl.edu)
This chapter aims to explore this theme in more depth, beginning with an outline of the molecular events that dictate the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells at the outset of adaptive immune responses in regional lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
It is against this background that cellular immune responses to an otherwise innocuous antigen, a review of the methods used to assess the potential for immune- which can lead to tissue damage (Janeway et al. (cdc.gov)

Our results showed that inflamed and non-inflamed dental pulps neither from humans nor from rats presented mast cells. (bvsalud.org)
Since mast cells are active during inflammatory responses it becomes crucial to find out if these cells are actually present and play a role in dental pulp under normal and inflammatory conditions either in humans or in rats. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the purpose of the present work was, under the same experimental conditions, to identify mast cells in healthy and inflamed dental pulp from rats and humans using toluidine blue histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. (bvsalud.org)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
To address whether the expression of the CD8 receptor on the cell membrane was associated to differences in the physiology of the T-cells, we isolated, from the same clone, CD4 single positive (SP) cells from those co-expressing CD4/CD8 receptors (DP cells) and stimulated them in vitro with antigen presenting cells (APC) carrying TSHR. (uninsubria.it)
In vivo and in vitro studies suggest, however, that in some instances terminal differentiation and isotype switching can occur. (omicsdi.org)
In a drop of blood we can identify all major blood cells and characterize their pathological changes in several disease conditions in vitro and in patient samples. (elifesciences.org)
Here we compared T-cell functions including the number of circulating CD3 + T cells, in vitro responses to mitogens, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, TCR excision circles (TREC) levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) enumeration in several immunodeficinecy subtypes, clinically presenting with nonreactive residual cells (MHC-II deficiency) or reactive cells. (hindawi.com)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
BRAFV600E mutation however, not in wild-type BRAF or tumors having a KRAS mutation.12,14,15 Further, dealing with wild-type BRAF tumors with BRAFV600E specific inhibitors induced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.14 Thus, MEK inhibitors may be appealing in wild-type BRAF cells. (techblessing.com)
Activated T cells induce proliferation and differentiation of resting B cells in vitro through their CD40 molecules and lymphokine receptors. (uthscsa.edu)

Gr-1 is expressed on monocytes, neutrophils and subsets of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and T cells. (stemcell.com)
It has been reported that the 1A8 antibody detects Ly-6G-expressing granulocytes in peripheral blood, whereas the RB6-8C5 antibody also binds to Ly-6C-expressing lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. (stemcell.com)
OBJECTIVE: The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. (cnrs.fr)
CD14 is expressed on monocytes, interfollicular macrophages and some dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on B cells (from pro-B to blastoid B cells, absent on plasma cells) and follicular dendritic cells. (biolegend.com)
B lineage (except plasma cells), follicular dendritic cells. (biolegend.com)

T-cell mediated immunity relies on a vast array of antigen specific T cell receptors (TR). (bvsalud.org)
The binding of specific T cell receptors (TCR) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/antigen complexes on cancer cells induces the TCR/CD3-mediated signal transduction pathway and stimulates the release of specific toxins (perforin and granzyme) for cancer elimination [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Naive, effector, and memory CD8 T cells in protection against pulmonary influenza virus infection: homing properties rather than initial frequencies are crucial. (cdc.gov)
Collectively, the BsAb-armed T cell technology represents a simple, time-saving, and highly safe method to generate highly pure cancer-specific effector T cells, thereby providing an affordable T cell immunotherapy to patients. (biomedcentral.com)
However, most effector T cells generated using these established cultivation methods lack cancer specificity [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The hallmark effector molecules of Th1 and Th2 cells, e.g. (thermofisher.com)
CX3CR1+ TIM3+ cells, despite the expression of inhibitory receptors, maintain proliferative states and express effector molecules, thus contributing to antiviral responses to the persisting virus. (wustl.edu)
These findings reveal hierarchical differentiation of exhausted CD8 T cells which transit from the previously reported TCF-1hi stem-like progenitor (TPEX) state, to T-bethi intermediate progenitor (TIM3+ CX3CR1+) state, to activated effector (TIM3+ CX3CR1+) state, which mediates sustained CD8 T cell immunity to persistent viral infection. (wustl.edu)
However, the unusual phenotype of synovial T cells, including their profound proliferative hyporesponsiveness to TCR ligation, has challenged the notion that T-cell effector responses are driven by cognate cartilage antigens in inflamed synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
Precisely how effector T cells initiate and promote the inflammatory process in RA, however, remains far from clear. (biomedcentral.com)
There is now good evidence that there exists a coordinated programme of molecular events initiated at the outset of T-cell differentiation that leads to the generation of CD4 + Th effector cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The normal replication and differentiation of pre-B cells is probably regulated by complex interactions with multiple cytokines and matrix components of the marrow microenvironment. (elsevierpure.com)
As is the case with many other cytokines, the functional high-affinity receptor for IL-5 is a complex consisting of a ligand binding subunit ( alpha chain) and a second subunit ( beta chain) that can modulate the ligand binding affinity of the receptor complex. (rndsystems.com)
Cytotoxins (perforin and granzyme) and cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) were dramatically released from the BsAb-armed T cells after engaging cancer cells, resulting in a remarkable anti-cancer efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
The hierarchy of T-cell dysfunction from peripheral blood to inflamed joint suggests that these defects are acquired through prolonged exposure to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (biomedcentral.com)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
Lesions are caused by bone replacement by expanding plasmacytomas or by cytokines that are secreted by malignant plasma cells that activate osteoclasts and suppress osteoblasts, leading to bone loss. (msdmanuals.com)

Anti-V beta 8 MoAbs activate and induce cell proliferation of this clone. (ox.ac.uk)
In vivo R12-31 agonist activity was demonstrated by its ability to induce the formation of intestinal villous microfold cells in mice. (cnrs.fr)
Mouse, rat, and human IL-17A can induce IL-6 secretion in mouse stromal cells, indicating that all homologs can recognize the mouse IL-17A receptor. (thermofisher.com)
Furthermore, we discovered that MEK inhibitors specifically induce apoptosis in Hut78 cells. (techblessing.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Some of these cloned anti-clone cells proliferated after stimulation with irradiated Mx9/9 cells, but not after stimulation with other autologous cloned T cells or heterologous PBM, suggesting that these clones recognize the T cell receptor (TCR) of the Mx9/9 cells. (ox.ac.uk)

This molecule inhibits the proliferation of IL-5-dependent cell lines and blocks human umbilical cord blood eosinophil differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule that plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells . (wikidoc.org)

These results suggest that T cells interact in a complex network, perhaps as complex as the regulatory interactions between antibody molecules and B cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, while the mainstay of the diagnosis of MHC-II deficiency is the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHC-II molecules on all cell types, other tests for T-cell function are less informative in such patients. (hindawi.com)
PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation. (origene.com)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that signals delivered via the B cell antigen (Ag) receptor (membrane immunoglobulin, mIg) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules enhance B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signals, providing specificity to the Ag‐nonspecific, MHC‐unrestricted CD40 signal. (uthscsa.edu)
The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)

These isotype-switched CLL B cells expressed surface HLA-DR, CD19, CD23, and CD5, and displayed no alterations of the bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogenes and the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. (omicsdi.org)
They also suggest that Ag may play a role in the clonal selection of some of these isotype-switched leukemic cells, but bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangements and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation are not associated with the pathogenesis of isotype-switched CLLs. (omicsdi.org)
Examples of in vivo isotype class switching in IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (omicsdi.org)
These B cells appear to be blocked at the antigen receptor-expressing stage of B cell differentiation and are thought not to undergo an isotype class switch to IgG or IgA production. (omicsdi.org)
To test the hypothesis that in vivo isotype class switching occurs in IgM+ B-type CLL cells, we analyzed the PBMC of 19 CLL patients for the presence of transcripts encoding the rearranged CLL V(H)DJ(H) associated with either gamma or alpha H chains. (omicsdi.org)
The molecular data indicate that approximately 50% of B-CLL patients have amplifications of IgM+ B cells that undergo an isotype class switch. (omicsdi.org)
In many instances, these CLL-related gamma and alpha transcripts are much more plentiful than those of normal B cells that produce the same isotype. (omicsdi.org)
Staining of normal human peripheral blood cells with Mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control Super Bright 645 (Product # 64-4714-82) (blue histogram) or Anti-Human CD14 Super Bright 645 (purple histogram). (thermofisher.com)
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 (clone SJ25C1) Brilliant Violet 650™ (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 650™ isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)
Flow (Intracellular): NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on THP-1 cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-27287AF488 (orange). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524APC (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)

Tumors derived from this clone were infiltrated by stromal cells and lymphocytes taken from the tumors' retained characteristics of the original clone. (elsevierpure.com)
Several glycoproteins have recently been demonstrated to be associated with surface immunoglobulin (Ig) on mature B-lineage cells and plasma-cell tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
In response to tumors, an analogous CD4 T cell population develops in draining lymph nodes. (wustl.edu)
Hypoxia is the most common characteristic in the microenvironment of solid tumors because tumor progression and metastasis depend on the ability of cancer cells to initiate angiogenesis and ensure the delivery of oxygen and nutrients ( 11 , 12 ). (jcancer.org)
Here, we generate dromedary camel nanobodies targeting B7-H3 and demonstrate that CAR-T cells, based on the nanobodies recognizing the IgC but not IgV domain, had potent antitumour activity against large tumors in female mice. (nature.com)
However, the successful application of these emerging cell-based therapies in solid tumors remains limited. (nature.com)

Autologous clones were raised against Mx9/9 cells using the peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells of the Mx9/9 clone donor (PBMjm). (ox.ac.uk)
Interactions between autologous T cell clones. (ox.ac.uk)
A human CD4 clone (Mx9/9) using the V beta 8 receptor was used as antigen to generate autologous clones (termed anti-Mx9/9 clones) which proliferate in response to this clone, but not other autologous clones. (ox.ac.uk)
This was used as an experimental model to explore the specific interactions between autologous T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In some cases, T cells may present, as a result of residual autologous cells or transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
High-dose melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may also be used. (msdmanuals.com)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This interaction results in a more complex alteration of both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Consequently, the heterogeneity of tumor cells is constantly evolving. (spandidos-publications.com)
High-throughput sequencing methods are utilized to analyze the mutational spectrum and evolutionary trajectories of tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Nevertheless, in tumor cells, mutated TCS ERK 11e (VX-11e) (oncogenic) RAS preferentially promotes success and proliferation. (techblessing.com)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Five stromal-cell-dependent lymphocyte clones are described that correspond to late pre-B or early B-cell stages of differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
The efficiency of lymphocyte growth at limiting dilution varied substantially on different stromal-cell clones and may reflect functional heterogeneity of stromal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Most lymphocyte clones were similar to uncloned lymphocytes from Whitlock-Witte cultures in that they responded only transiently to interleukin-7 (IL-7) and then died, unless maintained on a stromal-cell clone. (elsevierpure.com)
Most of the lymphocyte clones were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Cloned lymphocyte lines that are dependent on stromal cells should continue to be important tools for molecular definition of those interactions. (elsevierpure.com)
CD62L is expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T- and B-lymphocyte subsets and NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
It thus defines L-selectin as a human lymphocyte homing receptor for peripheral lymph node HEV. (bdbiosciences.com)
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated- glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase ( CD45 R+, CD117 +) and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity. (wikidoc.org)
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

The cDNA VH-D-JH gene sequence was joined with that of the C alpha gene in the B cells of the three IgA CLLs, and with that of the C gamma gene in the IgG CLL B cells. (omicsdi.org)
In all five CLLs, the pattern of C mu DNA probe hybridization to the digested genomic DNAs was consistent with deletion of the C mu exon from the rearranged Ig gene locus, suggesting that these CLL B cells had undergone DNA switch recombination. (omicsdi.org)
These findings suggest that IgA- and/or IgG-expressing CLLs represent, in their VH gene structure, transformants of B cells at different stages of ontogeny. (omicsdi.org)
The occurrence of switching without the accumulation of V gene mutations indicates that the processes of differentiation and diversification are not linked. (omicsdi.org)
Characteristics of the influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell response in mice homozygous for disruption of the H-2lAb gene. (cdc.gov)
However, the commercial production of cancer-specific T cells is often hampered by laborious cell culture procedures, the concern of retrovirus-based gene transfection, or insufficient T cell purity. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the gene transfer technology used in current CAR T cells primarily depends on retrovirus or lentivirus systems, which will randomly insert the CAR gene into the T cell genome and may pose a potential carcinogenic risk [ 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)
Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. (nature.com)
However, little information is available on the gene expression profile (GEP) of CMV-CTL clones according to CMV reactivation patterns (and donor CMV serostatus) after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Mx9/9 is a CD4 clone bearing an antigen receptor recognized by the Mx9 anti-V beta 8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb). (ox.ac.uk)
To test this hypothesis, both an Ag‐specific mouse B cell clone CH12.LX, and freshly isolated resting splenic B cells were cultured with either soluble or membrane‐bound forms of the T cell ligand for CD40 (CD40L), in the presence or absence of additional signals provided by Ag or anti‐IgM, interleukin‐4, and class II‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). (uthscsa.edu)

The HIT2 antibody reacts with CD38, an ~45 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, especially leukocytes. (stemcell.com)
This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus is classified as a receptor type PTP. (origene.com)

However, in both instances interleukin 2 receptor surface levels were increased. (ox.ac.uk)
Interleukin 5, produced primarily by activated T cells and mast cells, has diverse biological effects on a variety of cell types. (rndsystems.com)
B29), and the -subunit of the E-mail: [email protected] interleukin (IL)-7 receptor [5, 6]. (lu.se)

1992) Cloning and expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen: regulation by interferon alpha. (guidetopharmacology.org)
In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

CD31 is a known ligand for the receptor. (stemcell.com)

They are useful for determining the molecular requirements for pre-B replication, for studying the stromal cells that supply those factors, and for delineating the final sequence of differentiation events as newly formed lymphocytes prepare to exit the bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)
Ly-6 antigens were inducible on 2E8 and 1A9 cells, but the lymphocytes were otherwise arrested in differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
While the autoreactive cells displayed significantly reduced Tregs numbers, the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes had high functional Tregs. (hindawi.com)
The origin of the reactive cells in such patients are either thymic release of T-cells that expand at the periphery or transplacentally transfers of maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
A distinctive feature of SCID patients, which sometimes can clinically resemble Omenn, [ 6 ] is the presence of alloreactive cells originated from transplacentally maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. (lookformedical.com)
A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
Intro Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are uncommon malignancies of skin-homing T lymphocytes. (techblessing.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)

A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a), B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. (enquirebio.com)

Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)

cDNA clones for the alpha chain (IL-5 R alpha ) of both the mouse and human high affinity IL-5 receptor complexes have been isolated. (rndsystems.com)

The results demonstrated that CD8 co-expression has a profound effect on the physiology of T helper (Th) cells. (uninsubria.it)
Antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in cloned helper T cells mediated via the CD2 or CD3/Ti receptor pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
In studies of CD4 T cell responses, I demonstrated that in addition to the differentiated TH1 and follicular helper (Tfh) cells, activated CD4 T cells also differentiate into memory-like cells in a BCL6-dependent manner. (wustl.edu)

In the case of IL-5, the beta subunit is shared with the high affinity receptor complexes for IL-3 and GM-CSF. (rndsystems.com)

3 days) peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with either PerCP-Cy™5.5 Mouse Anti-Human CD134 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
In normal human subjects a small proportion of peripheral blood T-cells simultaneously express both CD4 and CD8 differentiation antigens. (uninsubria.it)
In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Applications Tested: This 61D3 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
High levels of IL-17A homodimer are produced by activated peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells. (thermofisher.com)

The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway regulates cell reactions to environmental stimuli and takes on a crucial part in many malignancies.6 Thus, RAF and MEK are attractive therapeutic focuses on.7,8 RAS is a little guanine-nucleotide binding proteins that is mounted on the inner part from the plasma membrane. (techblessing.com)
Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V) genes expressed by IgM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells display little or no somatic mutations. (omicsdi.org)
This complex of mb-1, B29 polypeptides, immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. (enquirebio.com)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

The 1A8 antibody binds specifically to Ly-6G, whereas another commonly used antibody, clone RB6-8C5, binds to both Ly-6G and Ly-6C. (stemcell.com)
This antibody clone has been verified for purity assessments of cells isolated with EasySep™ kits, including EasySep™ Mouse Neutrophil Enrichment Kit (Catalog #19762). (stemcell.com)
This antibody clone has been verified for purity assessments of cells isolated with EasySep™ kits, including EasySep™ Human CD138 Positive Selection Kit II (Catalog #1877) and EasySep™ Human Whole Blood and Bone Marrow CD138 Positive Selection Kit II (Catalog #17887). (stemcell.com)

Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)

IL-23-dependent, IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells (Th-17 cells) have been identified as a unique subset of Th cells that develops along a pathway that is distinct from the Th1- and Th2- cell differentiation pathways. (thermofisher.com)
While the initial TH1 cells and Tfh cells are generated through independent developmental pathways directly from naïve T cells, as infection persists, TH1 cells and Tfh cells are both generated from this newly identified memory-like cells, which is required to maintain both TH1 and Tfh responses for prolonged duration. (wustl.edu)
Studies reveal that chronic exposure of T cells to TNF uncouples TCR signal transduction pathways by impairing the assembly and stability of the TCR/CD3 complex at the cell surface. (biomedcentral.com)

Frequency, specificity, and sites of expansion of CD8+ T cells during primary pulmonary influenza virus infection. (cdc.gov)
These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)

CD19 forms a complex with CD21 (CR2) and CD81 (TAPA-1), and functions as a BCR co-receptor. (biolegend.com)

A variety of responses were seen, both inhibitory and stimulatory, which varied depending on the "conditions" of the T cell used. (ox.ac.uk)
Characterizing the structure of TR loci is essential to study the diversity and composition of T cell responses in vertebrate species. (bvsalud.org)
Our work provides a fundamental basis for monitoring salmonid T cell responses by TRB repertoire sequencing. (bvsalud.org)
These include decreased or absent delayed-type hypersensitivity in some patients with HIES and decreased lymphoproliferative responses to S aureus, Candida species, and tetanus antigens. (medscape.com)
In the analyses of CD8 T cell responses, I identified previously undescribed populations of CD8 T cells that express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and further segregated into two populations based on expression of the inhibitory receptor TIM3. (wustl.edu)
asthma via IgE- and Th2-cell-mediated responses are of a hypersensitivity response in the respiratory tract precipitated by particular concern. (cdc.gov)

An intense signal was observed in cells in the white pulp in spleen, germinal center cells in the lymph node, lymphoid tissue in appendix and non-germinal center cells in the tonsil. (enquirebio.com)
More moderate antibody staining intensity was present in cells in the white pulp in spleen, germinal center cells in the lymph node, lymphoid tissue in appendix and non-germinal center cells in the tonsil. (enquirebio.com)
For example, Omenn syndrome, a typical case of impaired T-cell differentiation with abnormal self-reactive cells, is invariably characterized by autoimmune features such as generalized scaly exudative erythroderma, enlarged lymphoid tissues, and peripheral expansion of oligoclonal T-cells, in addition to increased susceptibility for severe infections [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are malignancies of skin-homing lymphoid cells, that have up to now not been investigated thoroughly for common oncogenic mutations. (techblessing.com)

Glucolipotoxicity leads to mTOR-dependent inhibition of macroautophagy in β cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Methods We used multiparameter flow cytometry, single cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence microscopy, a conditional genetic knockout model as well as pharmacological inhibition of adrenergic receptors with FDA-approved drugs to profile the effects of β adrenergic signaling on CD8 + T cells. (bmj.com)
The NRASQ61K mutation sensitized Hut78 cells toward development inhibition from the MEK inhibitors U0126, AZD6244, and PD0325901. (techblessing.com)
The most potent nanobody-based CAR-T cells show inhibition of large tumor xenografts in mice with rigorous T-cell signaling and significant T-cell infiltration into the tumor. (nature.com)

MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
Influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones are protective in vivo. (cdc.gov)
The CAR-T cell manufacturing platform is based on the ex vivo genetic engineering of a patient's T cells to express CAR, followed by the reinfusion of the T cells into the patient. (biomedcentral.com)
We previously established a direct single-cell analysis to simultaneously identify and quantify in vivo CMV-CTL clones after allo-HCT 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
In addition there is a lack of information regarding the presence of mast cells in dental pulp of rats, which are animals used to study important aspects of the pathophysiology of dental pulp in vivo 6 . (bvsalud.org)

Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

A naturally-occurring soluble form of the IL-5 R alpha has been detected in biological fluids of autoimmune-prone mice and mice bearing chronic B cell leukemia (BCL 1 ). (rndsystems.com)
A recombinant human IL-5 soluble receptor alpha has been shown to bind the human IL-5 dimer in a 1:1 ratio and acts as a human -IL-5 antagonist. (rndsystems.com)
In PAE cells, soluble Sema4D promoted cell migration and developed a "tubulogenic" phenotype ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)

Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma, occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well. (enquirebio.com)
It also expressed on eosinophils, basophils, endothelial and epithelial cells. (techblessing.com)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)

However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

Efficacy of influenza haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein as protective antigens against influenza virus infection in mice. (cdc.gov)
Webster RG , Kawaoka Y , Taylor J , Weinberg R , Paoletti E . Efficacy of nucleoprotein and haemagglutinin antigens expressed in fowlpox virus as vaccine for influenza in chickens. (cdc.gov)

Molecular characterization of IgA- and/or IgG-switched chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (omicsdi.org)
Lack of intraclonal diversification in Ig heavy and light chain V region genes expressed by CD5+IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells: a multiple time point analysis. (omicsdi.org)
Chronic disease can lead to increased systemic noradrenaline (NA) levels, but it is currently still unclear how NA impacts the differentiation and function of exhausted CD8 + T cells. (bmj.com)
We here set out to characterize the effects of β adrenergic signaling on CD8 + T cells in chronic viral infection with LCMV-clone 13 and in murine cancer models. (bmj.com)
[6] [7] It is found on B-cell lymphomas , hairy cell leukemia , B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia , and melanoma cancer stem cells . (wikidoc.org)
In contrast, when the pathogen persists, such as in the context of chronic viral infections or anti-tumor immunity, while T cells undergo alternative differentiation known as exhaustion due to their reduced functionality, T cells still contribute to pathogen control and its response is sustained for longer duration due to unknown mechanisms. (wustl.edu)
The main model used is the mouse chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-clone 13, c13) infection model, which causes viremia that lasts 3-4 months in immunocompetent mice and is subsequently resolved in a manner dependent on CD4 and CD8 T cells. (wustl.edu)
The strong association between specific alleles encoded within the MHC class II region and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has provided the best evidence to date that CD4 + T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Much effort has focussed on establishing the molecular nature of antigenic reactivity, in the belief that the established chronic phase of the disease is antigen-driven. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

This includes the expression of distinct antigens on subsets of MSCs, which was utilized recently to define and separate functionally different subsets from bulk MSCs. (hindawi.com)
Antigen and anti-CD2 tolerogenic signals both down-regulated the phenotypic expression of CD3-Ti. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, expression of authentic light chain need not coincide with termination of surrogate light-chain utilization in newly formed B cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

Absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs): myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen. (guidetopharmacology.org)

In contrast, patients with self-reactive cells have significant autoimmune features in addition to their clinical and molecular immunodeficient state. (hindawi.com)

Such cells cannot therefore be designated as 'suppressor cells', although they expressed suppressor potential at certain stages. (ox.ac.uk)
There is increasing evidence that T cells are able to control tumor growth and survival in cancer patients, both in early and late stages of the disease. (aacrjournals.org)
Such developmental flexibility is retained until the late stages of differentiation. (scirp.org)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

The cellular data indicate that B cells with lesser amounts of surface membrane IgD and higher IgM/IgD ratios are more likely to undergo this switching process. (omicsdi.org)
Forms a complex with CD21, CD81 and CD225 in the membrane of mature B cells and interacts with VAV and LYN. (biolegend.com)
[5] It is suspected that it acts as a calcium channel in the cell membrane . (wikidoc.org)

We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
MNDA is a member of the ALR pattern recognition receptor family, a set of four related human genes classified by structural similarities as the Pyrin and HIN domain family ( HGNC family 995 ). (guidetopharmacology.org)
2014) Purification, characterization and docking studies of the HIN domain of human myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA). (guidetopharmacology.org)
HLA, human leukocyte antigen. (cdc.gov)
The first-in-human testing of scFv-based B7-H3 CAR-T cells has shown antitumor response against anaplastic meningioma and childhood diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma without severe side effects 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
In this investigation we sought to answer the question concerning the presence of mast cells in human and rat dental pulp tissues, under normal and inflammatory conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Studies using human samples have shown that such cells are present in dental pulps 1,2 whilst others have demonstrated the absence of those cells 3,4,5 . (bvsalud.org)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

A first routine measure to narrow down diagnosis in clinical practice is the differential blood count, determining the frequency of all major blood cells. (elifesciences.org)
Cancer-specific adoptive T cell therapy has achieved successful milestones in multiple clinical treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients with receptor defects of IFN-γ or IL-12 have disseminated atypical mycobacterial infections with incomplete granuloma formation and do not exhibit clinical features of HIES. (medscape.com)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
Knockdown of NRAS by siRNA induced apoptosis in mutant Hut78 cells however, not in CTCL cell lines missing RAS mutations. (techblessing.com)

IFN gamma and IL-4, have each been found to negatively regulate the generation of these Th-17 cells. (thermofisher.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms8

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Target Antigen5

Antibodies13

Activation23

Maturation7

Cytokine11

Components of the antigen receptor2

Immunology1

Protein25

Immune21

Humans6

Vitro10

Dendritic cells6

Specific T cell rece2

Proliferation and differentiation1

Effector9

Cytokines6

Induce5

Suggesting that these clones recognize1

Molecule2

Molecules6

Isotype12

Tumors10

Autologous6

Tumor cells12

Lymphocyte10

Gene14

Monoclonal antibody2

Transmembrane2

Interleukin3

Regulation3

Ligand1

Lymphocytes12

Immunoglobulins1

Assay1

CDNA clones1

Helper3

Complexes1

Peripheral blood5

Proteins3

Immunoglobulin4

Antibody clone3

Hematopoietic stem1

Pathways3

Specificity2

CD191

Responses6

Lymphoid6

Inhibition4

Vivo5

Markers3

Soluble3

Endothelial4

Progenitor cells3

Efficacy2

Chronic9

Bone marrow3

Expression5

Melanoma1

Self-reactive cells1

Stages4

Membrane3

Human9

Clinical4

Apoptosis2

Regulate1