• These types of prostate cancer comprise true neuroendocrine cancers, such as small cell carcinoma, carcinoid and carcinoid-like tumors, as well as prostatic adenocarcinoma exhibiting focal neuroendocrine phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroendocrine tumors are unique and rare tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells. (nel.edu)
  • Large cell neuroendocrine tumors have been found. (nel.edu)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selinexor as a maintenance treatment in patients with p53 wt endometrial carcinoma (EC), who have achieved a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 [RECIST v 1.1]) after completing at least 12 weeks of platinum-based therapy. (uclahealth.org)
  • I. To assess the recommended phase 2 dose of belinostat in combination with tremelimumab and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors harboring ARID1A mutations with focus on urothelial carcinoma. (bcan.org)
  • Recent studies have focused on neuroendocrine differentiation as a mechanism by which these tumors escape hormonal control [2-4]. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The availability of an anti-androgen receptor (AR) monoclonal antibody has allowed the identification of both AR-positive and AR-negative neuroendocrine subpopulations in both benign and malignant tumors [5]. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The World Health Organization (2019) classified papillary neoplasms (i.e. benign or cancerous tumors) of the breast into 5 types: intraductal papilloma, papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (PDCIS), encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC), solid-papillary carcinoma (SPC), and invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC). (wikipedia.org)
  • PDCIS tumors may occur alongside of (non-papillary) ductal carcinoma in situ or EPC tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • A histological evaluation of any breast tumor will routinely check for the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, the HER2/neu protein, also the GCDFP-15 protein , but for neuroendocrine breast tumors additional markers, uniquely associated with neuroendocrine cells, are considered. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • CONTEXT: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the oxyntic mucosa. (tum.de)
  • OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated the histopathological and molecular findings in the gastrointestinal wall of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with malignant duodenal gastrinoma and multiple gastric ECL cell tumors, who additionally developed a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. (tum.de)
  • RESULTS: Immunohistochemical studies of gastric ECL cell tumors showed a largely diminished E-cadherin expression in comparison to gastric surface mucosa cells and a loss of E-cadherin expression in the cells of the signet-ring carcinoma. (tum.de)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) fall into two subclasses: the well-differentiated, low- to high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), and the poorly-differentiated, high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • With this approach, PanNENs fall into two basic subtypes: well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a series of 175 human adult tumors, gene expression was highest in ovarian serous carcinomas. (nature.com)
  • Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. (unipr.it)
  • [ 6 ] In its 2015 consensus statement on best practices for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, the ENETS noted that tumor grading based on a combination of KI-67, mitotic rate, and necrosis may be of clinical importance but lacks validation. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Type II tumors are usually high-grade and include grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas and tumors with nonendometrioid histology (eg, serous, clear cell, mixed cell, undifferentiated, carcinosarcoma). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chromogranin A, which is the most abundant product of prostatic neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine tumor cells, is widely recognized as a reliable marker for neuroendocrine differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most frequently encountered products in neuroendocrine tumor cells across prostate cancer samples appear to be calcitonin (in more than one third of cases), neurotensin, serotonin, human chorionic gonadotropin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroendocrine tumor cells express cytokeratins that are typically expressed by luminal secretory type cells, but lack basal cell markers such as high molecular weight cytokeratin and p63. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, adjacent non-neuroendocrine tumor cells appear to display an increased expression of Ki-67. (wikipedia.org)
  • As opposed to their normal neuroendocrine counterparts, tumor neuroendocrine cells express the beta-oxidative enzyme alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, which is a recently described marker for prostate cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • As opposed to the focal type of neuroendocrine differentiation seen in prostatic adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the prostate, in turn, exhibit a universal type in that virtually all the constituent tumor cells display neuroendocrine features. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the tumor is often considered to arise from neuroendocrine proliferation or possibly dedifferentiation of an acinar carcinoma, the precise etiology remains uncertain. (karger.com)
  • Although hormonal treatment is an important palliative measure in the management of patients with advanced prostate carcinoma, the vast majority of cases end in relapse due to overgrowth of androgen-independent tumor cell populations [1]. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation (either IHC or light microscopy in Paneth cell-like change) excluding prostatic well-differentiated NE tumor, small cell carcinoma, and large cell NE carcinoma. (clinicalpub.com)
  • neuroendocrine cells are full of these ' amine-based ' proteins, and if they are present in the tumor, they will be clearly revealed by the argyrophil stain . (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine neoplasms can still cause symptoms relating to tumor size and location such as obstruction or internal bleeding. (rarediseases.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Our immunohistochemical studies might suggest that the gastrinoma-associated excessive progastrin tissue concentrations led to diminished expression of E-cadherin within the gastric mucosa and promoted tumor development of a signet-ring cell carcinoma. (tum.de)
  • Sixty-three cases were reclassified, mostly as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) or acinar cell carcinoma, and eliminated. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • However, as no other primary tumor could be detected at that time, a Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of the Skin (PMCS) was also debated. (asploro.com)
  • In contrast, metastases located in the axillary region are more likely to be related to a primary tumor in the breast while metastases on the lower trunk are mostly seen in colorectal carcinomas. (asploro.com)
  • Herein, we present a case of coexisting neuroendocrine carcinoma and conventional adenocarcinoma (collision tumor) in the ampulla of Vater, which has seldom been reported in the literature. (koreamed.org)
  • The treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) begins with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (medscape.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. (unipr.it)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) both incorporate mitotic count and Ki-67 proliferation for the classification of gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP-NETs). (medscape.com)
  • Gould VE, Banner BF, Baerwaldt M: Neuroendocrine neoplasms in unusual primary sites. (karger.com)
  • Neuroendocrine differentiation has been foundin 50% to 100% of prostate neoplasms of all stages. (cancernetwork.com)
  • However, the proportion of neuroendocrine differentiation was found to be much higher in follow-up studies and it is now thought that 50% to 100% of all prostate neoplasms (including benign prostatic tissue) contain at least some neuroendocrine cells [3,5]. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Prognosis --Several studies have demonstrated that a large proportion of neuroendocrine differentiated prostatic neoplasms are positive for neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A [4,6]. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are an increasingly common group of malignancies that arise within the endocrine tissue of the pancreas. (rarediseases.org)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) have undergone several classification changes according to consensus guidelines [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New frontiers in imaging including radiomics updates for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment landscape of advanced high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. (nih.gov)
  • 18 With the exception of the ovarian neoplasms, the same carcinomas analyzed for gene expression were also examined for HE4 by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (see below). (nature.com)
  • The immunohistochemical phenotype of focal neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer has been intensively studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • Breast carcinoma showing neuroendocrine differentiation: immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin. (neuromics.com)
  • Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is now recognized as a histologically high grade non small cell carcinoma showing histopathological features of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers. (ersjournals.com)
  • Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Immunohistochemical labeling for neuroendocrine and acinar differentiation markers was performed. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Using a variety of other markers, we were unable to detect neither significant morphological nor immunohistochemical characteristics that distinguished the lesion from a mucinous carcinoma of mammary origin. (asploro.com)
  • This report demonstrates the limitations of currently used histopathological and immunohistochemical differentiation in metastatic mucinous carcinoma. (asploro.com)
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: Clinicopathological features and efficacy of modified DCF chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
  • Generally, NENs can be subdivides into high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and low-to-intermediate grade neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Fibroepitheliomatous Paget's phenomenon: fibroepithelioma-like changes associated with anogenital epidermotropic mucinous carcinoma. (markahurt.com)
  • We describe the case of a 67-year-old female patient who presented with an unclear swelling on the right supraclavicular neck, two years after resection of a mucinous carcinoma on the right mastoid. (asploro.com)
  • A 67-year-old female presented with a suspicious swelling on the right supraclavicular region two years after resection of a mucinous carcinoma on the surface of the skin overlying the right mastoid. (asploro.com)
  • The mastoid skin lesion was originally diagnosed by two separate institutes to be most likely a metastatic mucinous carcinoma. (asploro.com)
  • In many cases, prostate carcinomas with squamous differentiation arise after radiation or hormone treatment. (medscape.com)
  • on biopsy, the morphology and immunoprofile suggested MCC with divergent squamous differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A total of 107 pancreatic resections originally diagnosed as poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas were reassessed using the classification and grading (mitotic rate/Ki67 index) criteria put forth by the World Health Organization in 2010 for the gastroenteropancreatic system. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The clinicopathologic features and survival of the remaining 44 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas were further assessed. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas is a highly aggressive neoplasm, with frequent metastases and poor survival. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Well-differentiated NET and acinar cell carcinoma are often misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, emphasizing that diagnostic criteria need to be clearly followed to ensure accurate diagnosis. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Pathologically, sections on the ampulla of Vater showed conventional ductal adenocarcinoma extended and collided with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. (koreamed.org)
  • Immunohistochemically, prostatic small cell carcinoma are positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, calcitonin and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, while lacking, or rarely and weakly expressing, androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another neuroendocrine marker is neuron specific enolase . (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Carcinoid carcinoma, which is a cancer of simple stem cells of neuroendocrine origin and tends to develop in the gut wall or appendix, is also diagnosed in part through the use of neuroendocrine markers. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • In fact, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast has only recently been classified as a unique ductal carcinoma , having previously been subsumed as a subset of carcinoid carcinoma . (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma with metastatic disease or with unresectable, locally advanced disease. (bcan.org)
  • Adenocarcinoma bladder A tumour that may be primary and result from differentiation of a urothelial carcinoma. (malaimare.ro)
  • The ENO2 protein will certainly be found in neuroendocrine cells, but its presence alone is generally considered insufficient to confirm neuroendocrine differentiation in breast carcinoma. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Retrospective review of HPR of invasive breast carcinoma resections from 2016-2020. (waocp.com)
  • The study was conducted by retrospective review of HPR of invasive breast carcinoma resections over a period of 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020. (waocp.com)
  • Anker CJ, Dechet C, Isaac JC, Akerley W: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. (karger.com)
  • Papandreou CN, Daliani DD, Thall PF, Tu SM, Wang X, Reyes A, Troncoso P, Logothetis CJ: Results of a phase II study with doxorubicin, etoposide, and cisplatin in patients with fully characterized small-cell carcinoma of the prostate. (karger.com)
  • Bolton DM, Chiu ST, Clarke S, Angus D: Primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate: unusual modes of presentation. (karger.com)
  • Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a high-grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all prostate cancers . (medscape.com)
  • Unlike prostatic adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the prostate may present with metastases in up to 25% of patients. (medscape.com)
  • The most heavily studied aspect of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer (but not the only one, as mentioned above) is the focal type, which refers to a conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma that exhibits neuroendocrine foci at histopathological examination. (wikipedia.org)
  • On July 31, 2013, the Prostate Cancer Foundation assembled a working committee on the molecular biology and pathologic classification of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, neuroendocrine-specific growth factors such as bombesin represent novel therapeutic targets and may also be important in the selection of patients for aggressive chemotherapy, which has been rather ineffective in prostate cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This review will examine the evidence for the neuroendocrine progression of prostate cancer and the clinical utility of chemothera- peutic agents that are being investigated for the management of late stage disease. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Combined with observations of neuroendocrine enrichment in cases of poor clinical response to androgen deprivation therapy, these findings support the notion that the clonal expansion of AR-negative neuroendocrine cells may play a critical role in the development of androgen-insensitive metastatic prostate cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The clinical relevance of immunohistological detection of neuroendocrine tissue in prostate cancer patients has been the focus of many investigators. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We also review the recent findings on the mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer and the development of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after androgen deprivation therapy. (escholarship.org)
  • 1 The aim of this report is to present a rare case of a neuroendocrine prostate cancer case. (auanews.net)
  • Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate may develop in patients with previous acinar adenocarcinoma in later stages of castration-resistant prostate cancer owing to lineage plasticity as an adaptative mechanism to targeted therapy. (auanews.net)
  • Papillary carcinomas of the breast (PCB), also termed malignant papillary carcinomas of the breast, are rare forms of the breast cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The World Health Organization regarded solid papillary carcinoma as having two subtypes: in situ and invasive SPC. (wikipedia.org)
  • Information on the frequency and clinical features of PDCIS is limited since it and EPC were regarded as the same lesion termed intracystic papillary carcinoma until 2012. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rare carcinoma that resembles benign hyperplastic glands Difficult to grade Epstein recommends deferring to the grade of papillary urothelial hyperplasia bladder associated usual type adenocarcinoma in the radical prostatectomy specimen, which is often Gleason score 5- 7. (malaimare.ro)
  • Prostatic neuroendocrine cells, also known as endocrine-paracrine cells, are part of a larger regulatory cell population scattered throughout the whole organism, collectively known as diffuse neuroendocrine system or APUD cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regulatory cues might come through endocrine, paracrine (from neighboring neuroendocrine cells), autocrine or neurocrine routes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synaptophysin is a useful marker for the identification of normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroblastomas. (neuromics.com)
  • PCB are carcinomas derived from the epithelial cells of mammary gland ducts. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to be identified as ductal carcinoma with a neuroendocrine differentiation, positive neuroendocrine markers should be found on at least 50% of malignant cells . (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Chromogranin and synaptophysin , for example, are two proteins commonly secreted by neuroendocrine cells. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • Neuroendocrine markers help identify the origin of mutated cancer cells , not just in the breast, but in other parts of the body. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • The rare cases that have neuroendocrine morphology are thought to arise from the neuroendocrine stem cells that are normally present in the prostate or from aberrant differentiation programs during cell transformation. (medscape.com)
  • 2,3 Adenocarcinoma of the prostate cells may acquire neuroendocrine differentiation and in extreme cases a complete transformation of small cell carcinoma. (auanews.net)
  • 20%) combined with poor differentiation of their cells, resulting in an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malignant proliferation showing large monomorphic cells with some epithelioid (A1E/AE3) or angiocentric aspects without clear vascular differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Neuroendocrine differentiation is a term primarily used in relation to prostate cancers that display a significant neuroendocrine cell population on histopathological examination. (wikipedia.org)
  • The median interval between initial diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma and recurrence of small cell carcinoma is 25 months. (medscape.com)
  • This immunophenotype excluded a carcinoma, a lymphoid, melanocytic, germ cell, or neuroglial proliferation, and the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. (medscape.com)
  • atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. (ersjournals.com)
  • In addition of the categories of squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ , two additional lesions were added to the group of pre-invasive lesions: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). (ersjournals.com)
  • We identified 26 cases of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes from 1972-1987. (citationimpact.com)
  • Metastatic prostate carcinoma should be ruled out by using immunoperoxidase for PSA and PSAP in all men over 45 presenting with carcinoma of unknown primary origin in left-sided supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, even in the absence of bony disease, elevated serum acid phosphatase (SAP), abnormal rectal examination, and a histologic picture suggesting prostate carcinoma. (citationimpact.com)
  • Finally, a new class was defined called carcinoma with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements, which brings together a number of proliferations characterized by a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation. (ersjournals.com)
  • Gastrin and its derivates have been reported to regulate epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. (tum.de)
  • There are many ways of testing for markers, but those most commonly used for neuroendocrine breast cancer include blood-serum levels, staining of tissue samples, chemical reactions, and even electron-microscope images. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • However, I have created a new page with more up-to-date information on Rare Breast Cancers including Neuroendocrine Markers in Breast Cancer. (breast-cancer.ca)
  • In front of an aggressive sellar and suprasellar lesion with a subacute clinical presentation, the main diagnoses are a pituitary carcinoma or aggressive adenoma, a pituitary metastasis of a carcinoma of unknown origin, or a solid craniopharyngioma. (medscape.com)
  • New clinical and molecular data emerging from prostate cancers treated by contemporary androgen deprivation therapies, as well as primary lesions, have highlighted the need for refinement of diagnostic terminology to encompass the full spectrum of NE differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé et d'en étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et histo-cliniques. (bvsalud.org)
  • Il s'agitd'une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur tous les cancers gynécologiques reçus en oncologie entre le 1erJanvier 2016 et le 31 Décembre 2021. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, other variants such as neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cell lines have increasingly become a clinical challenge. (auanews.net)
  • Clinical Analysis of Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Retrospective and Single Institution Experience. (nih.gov)
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are rare tumours that show features of neuroendocrine differentiation. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Carcinogenic hypergastrinemia: signet-ring cell carcinoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with Zollinger-Ellison's syndrome. (tum.de)
  • Another change is the subclassification of adenocarcinoma: the definition of bronchioalveolar carcinoma has been restricted to noninvasive tumours. (ersjournals.com)
  • Brownback KR, Renzulli J, Myers JR: Small-cell prostate carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of five newly reported cases. (karger.com)
  • There has been substantial evolution of concepts in neuroendocrine lung tumour classification. (ersjournals.com)
  • HE4 is one of more than 8900 different human genes represented on U95a GeneChips (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), which we used previously to develop a molecular classification of 175 human carcinomas based on patterns of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Ali SZ, Reuter VE, Zakowski MF: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic study with emphasis on cytologic features. (karger.com)
  • No features of vascular differentiation, for example intracytoplasmic lumina or areas of conventional angiosarcoma, were observed. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) gene have been shown to be associated with the occurrence of diffuse gastric carcinomas in affected families. (tum.de)
  • Case 2 was an 87 year-old female, with a lesion on the leg, originally reported as squamous cell carcinoma, later showing extensive local recurrence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Factors influencing recurrence after surgical treatment for T2 gallbladder carcinoma. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment. (nih.gov)