• Her group has continued to make pioneering contributions to the field of neural stem cell research, identifying factors intrinsic to these cells as well as external signaling molecules from the niche that participate in their self-renewal and differentiation. (ny.gov)
  • At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The premise of Meryem's project is that the mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly characterized and involve a complex interplay of altered gut microbial environment, cytokine activity, and impaired intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation. (unc.edu)
  • Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) undergo asymmetric cell division (ACD) to generate one OPC and one differentiating oligodendrocyte (OL) progeny. (escholarship.org)
  • Neuroblasts are the progenitor cells which divide asymmetrically to give rise to another neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell (GMC). (wikipedia.org)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)
  • Here, we report that expression of the mouse homolog of Drosophila tumor suppressor Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) is induced during OL differentiation. (escholarship.org)
  • Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)
  • Here we show that cell differentiation suppresses tumor formation. (amegroups.org)
  • Expression of EBF2 in the PDX1 and E-cadherin-expressing and organoid forming pancreatic epithelial CSCs indeed induced ductal and acinar-like structural differentiation in vivo in tumors resulting in tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
  • This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of EBF2 in regulating PDAC progenitor cell differentiation and tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
  • For this reason, this tumor can be considered as a glial neuronal tumor with predominantly neurocytic differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • MRI with morphologic sequences is the first important step in identifying tumor location and extension and in differentiation from other tumor histotypes. (medscape.com)
  • Following this first asymmetric division, the AB daughter cell divides symmetrically, giving rise to ABa and ABp, while the P1 daughter cell undergoes another asymmetric cell division to produce P2 and EMS. (wikipedia.org)
  • The neuroblast repeatedly undergoes this asymmetric cell division while the GMC continues on to produce a pair of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each GSC undergoes an asymmetric self-renewal division that gives rise to both a GSC,which remains associated with the CpCs, and a more posterior located cystoblast (CB). (biologists.com)
  • Obligatory asymmetric replication is also known as asymmetric cell division is the process by which a stem cell undergoes differentiation or division. (stemcellthailand.org)
  • The stalked cell then undergoes asymmetric cell division and produces one flagellated motile daughter cell and one stalked daughter cell. (up.ac.za)
  • Here, an asymmetrical cell division cycle that is an integral part of the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle has been characterised in further detail through the use of cell cycle stage specific markers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mammalian LH-2, a transcriptional regulatory protein involved in the control of cell differentiation in developing lymphoid and neural cell types. (embl.de)
  • Kusek G, Campbell M, Doyle F, Tenenbaum SA, Kiebler M, Temple S (2012) Segregation of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Stau2 during mammalian asymmetric neural stem cell division promotes lineage progression and differentiation. (ny.gov)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate that the asymmetric cell-fate determinant Numb segregates selectively to one daughter cell during mitosis and before differentiation, suggesting that Numb is associated with self-renewal. (nih.gov)
  • The cell cycle leading to the asymmetric division includes an exquisitely synchronised mitosis and exchange in relative location of organelles along the anterior-posterior axis of the cell. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated neural cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and for differentiation into all types of neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
  • Editing this mutation into the Drosophila genome results in global changes in the O-GlcNAc proteome, while in mouse embryonic stem cells it leads to loss of O-GlcNAcase and delayed differentiation down the neuronal lineage. (rcsb.org)
  • Histologically, a central neurocytoma is characterized by a small, uniform neoplastic cell population with features of neuronal differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • The stem cell population is maintained by asymmetric divisions in which one daughter cell commits to specific fate and the other maintains parental pluripotency. (nature.com)
  • Notably, stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to two distinct daughter cells: one copy of the original stem cell as well as a second daughter programmed to differentiate into a non-stem cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In times of growth or regeneration, stem cells can also divide symmetrically, to produce two identical copies of the original cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • To qualify as a stem cell, these cells must be able to self-renew, most likely by symmetric cell division to produce two daughter cells with the same stem cell qualities. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
  • A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can undergo an asymmetric self-renewal division to produce one descendant like itself and one descendant whose progeny ultimately differentiate into a defined cell type( Fuchs and Segre, 2000 ). (biologists.com)
  • 1] ^ Ralph A. Neumüller,Juergen A. Knoblich Dividing cellular asymmetry: asymmetric cell division and its implications for stem cells and cancer Genes Dev. (stemcellthailand.org)
  • Inevitably, there are fundamental and applied questions, such as those relating to transcriptional control of stem cell differentiation, intrinsic noise in gene expression, and the origins of disease, that may only be addressed at the single cell level. (justia.com)
  • The principle is quite simple - and at the same time ingenious: Stem cells are a type of genesis-cell, and have the ability to divide and produce different sorts of body tissue. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • Stem cells have two key capabilities: Self-renewal (symmetrical division) and differentiation (asymmetrical division). (stemcells-europe.com)
  • During symmetrical division, stem cells are created which are identical to the parent cell. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • During asymmetric division, only one stem cell is created - in the second cell, tissue cell development and differentiation has already begun. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • Symmetrical division makes stem cells virtually immortal: it continually produces new stem cells in an almost unlimited number. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • Stem cells can divide symmetrically, giving them the ability of producing new tissue. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • 2 main characteristics are used to differentiate between stem cells: origin and differentiation capacity. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • Lgl1 conditional knockout OPC progeny retain NG2 and show reduced OL differentiation, while undergoing more symmetric self-renewing divisions at the expense of asymmetric divisions. (escholarship.org)
  • The term asymmetric cell division usually refers to such intrinsic asymmetric divisions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In C. elegans, a series of asymmetric cell divisions in the early embryo are critical in setting up the anterior/posterior, dorsal/ventral, and left/right axes of the body plan. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early plant embryo, such divisions follow from orienting the division plane. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Combining in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of NSPCs decrease significantly in Ythdf2 −/− embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Numb is a suppressor of Notch, therefore the asymmetric segregation of Numb to the basal cortex biases the response of the daughter cells to Notch signaling, resulting in two distinct cell fates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression patterns suggest that both genes are under the same regulatory control as are the E(spl) bHLH genes and thus, might play a part in Notch mediated cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our work demonstrates that a simple default rule couples division orientation to cell geometry in the embryo and that genetic regulation can create patterns by overriding the default rule. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Plant embryogenesis is the process that produces a plant embryo from a fertilised ovule by asymmetric cell division and the differentiation of undifferentiated cells into tissues and organs. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • NPC markers are also useful in establishing and monitoring in vitro NPC culture differentiation. (sanbio.nl)
  • This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • Other proteins present in the neuroblast mediate the asymmetric localization of Numb and Prospero. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symmetric division of NSCs maintains the population of undifferentiated NSCs, while asymmetric division gives rise to neural progenitors. (sanbio.nl)
  • An asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obligatory asymmetric replication is a fundamental aspect of DNA replication in cells with linear chromosomes and has several biological implications, from the molecular machinery needed to accomplish replication to broader considerations about genome stability and cellular aging . (stemcellthailand.org)
  • Autophagy, the body's process of reusing old and damaged cell parts, is a key mechanism for cellular differentiation, particularly for the establishment of long-term T cell memory which is key for fighting infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In agreement with the function of Ythdf2, delayed degradation of neuron differentiation-related m 6 A-containing mRNAs is seen in Ythdf2 −/− NSPCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data establish Lgl1 as a suppressor of gliomagenesis and positive regulator of asymmetric division and differentiation in the healthy and demyelinated murine brain. (escholarship.org)
  • It will investigate (1) how asymmetric autophagy is built, and (2) whether autophagy/ACD loss functionally impacts immune responses by preventing the establishment of asymmetric fates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • a protein required for the differentiation of the set of six touch receptor neurons in this nematode. (embl.de)
  • a protein required for the asymmetric division of vulval blast cells. (embl.de)
  • In the second mechanism, the prospective daughter cells are inherently different at the time of division of the mother cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unequal cell division that results in daughter cells of different sizes. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Similarly, asymmetric cell division (ACD), a mechanism that leads to daughter cells inheriting different fate determinants, is also compromised with ageing. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During the asymmetric division, the behaviour of the new flagellum is consistent with a role in determining the location of the plane of cell division, a function previously characterised in procyclic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cells were transfected with the early B-cell factor-2 (EBF2) to activate progenitor cell differentiation and gauged the tumorigenic potentials of the derived cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • Loss of pro-mitotic proteoglycan and OPC marker NG2 in the OL progeny is the earliest immunophenotypic change of unknown mechanism that indicates differentiation commitment. (escholarship.org)
  • This mechanism is known as extrinsic asymmetric cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obligatory asymmetric replication refers to a phenomenon in which, during DNA replication, one DNA strand is always replicated in a continuous manner (leading strand) while the other strand is replicated discontinuously (lagging strand). (stemcellthailand.org)
  • These data indicate that there are multiple,genetically redundant mechanisms that act within the germline to downregulate Dpp signaling in the Cb and its descendants, and raise the possibility that a Cb and its descendants must become refractory to Dpp signaling in order for germline differentiation to occur. (biologists.com)
  • Her proposal seeks to investigate the effects of the microbial metabolite butyrate and the cytokine interleukin (IL)-22 on asymmetric division of primary human colonic ISCs using a planar crypt microarray platform and CRISPR-integrated biosensors for live-imaging and transcriptomic analysis. (unc.edu)
  • The plane of GSC division is perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis of the germarium such that the daughter cell that stays in contact with the CpCs remains a GSC,while the more posterior daughter cell becomes a cystoblast (CB). (biologists.com)
  • Asymmetric division makes the reconstruction and repair of organs possible by generating new cell tissue. (stemcells-europe.com)
  • Its asymmetric distribution goes through three steps: emergence of cortical dots, development of island-like structures with dynamic amorphous shapes, repeating fusion and fission, and polarized clustering of the islands. (elifesciences.org)
  • A major unanswered question is how division plane orientation is genetically controlled, and in particular whether this relates to cell geometry. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In order for asymmetric division to take place the mother cell must be polarized, and the mitotic spindle must be aligned with the axis of polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell division is a simple cycle from the earliest starting point of life in the universe. (researchsquare.com)
  • The CB upregulates expression of the novel gene, bag of marbles ( bam ), which is necessary for germline differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • They divide and multiply and play an essential role in the constant process of renewal which takes place in the human body. (stemcells-europe.com)