Differentiated lens cells cells differentiate embryonic cell differentiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Most connective and skeletal tissues of the cranium and face ultimately come from the derivatives of neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central mechanism for diversifying the cells found in complex tissues. (bioseek.eu)
This dynamic process helps organize the formation of the body plan, and while EMT is well studied in the context of embryonic development, it also plays a role in the genesis of fibroblasts during organ fibrosis in adult tissues. (bioseek.eu)
cells either divide asymmetrically to preserve stem cell progenitors, partition into sister cells, differentiate along fate pathways, or undergo oncogenesis following the formation of normal tissues. (bioseek.eu)
In addition to the cells originating from the OC, and thus the neural tube, neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells contribute to the formation of the ciliary folds, forming connective tissues and ciliary muscles( Beebe, 1986 ). (biologists.com)
Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. (elifesciences.org)
During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
These early progenitor cells often travel long distances from their induction site to the site of terminal differentiation, making them vulnerable to environmental cues and movement of neighbouring tissues. (elifesciences.org)
Several embryonic tissues and organs originate from small sets of progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis is observed in developing tissues and is believed to remove abnormal cells. (oist.jp)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
No college tissues were differentiated likely. (need4speed.com)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
Moreover, the combination of gene modification and directed differentiation of ESCs provides perfect tool for disease modelling and drug discovery. (benthamscience.com)
What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are widely used in regenerative medicine and experimental models for studying development and diseases because of their pluripotent potential to differentiate into all cell lineages: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm germ layers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we identify Heterochromatin Protein 1β (HP1β) as an essential protein for proper differentiation, and, unexpectedly, for the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)

The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to allow a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
Despite the importance of the developmental pathways followed by these small groups of progenitor cells and their impact on the physiology of the organism, we still know little about the set of developmental strategies that progenitor cells deploy in vivo to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment as they travel to the site of terminal differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

These mesenchymal cells differentiate into the corneal endoderm, structures at the iridocorneal angle, and iris and ciliary body stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
Preliminary biological studies were conducted to evaluate adhesion (6 h) of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to the patterns in terms of cell number and morphology. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Furthermore, the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge using an endodermal induction media enhanced endodermal differentiation efficiency in association with cadherin switching, which is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (biomedcentral.com)
The commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to preadipocytes and the termination of differentiation to adipocytes are critical for maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
Because human mesenchymal stem cells are known to be sensitive to their mechanical environments, we investigated the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet membrane-like microtopography (DLT) to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells into CEC-like cells. (lww.com)
Master molds with inverted DLT were produced by 2-photon lithography (2-PL). To measure the mechanotransductive potential of DLT, mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated on silicone or collagen imprints with DLT. (lww.com)

To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
Oligopotent stem cells, though not often widely discussed, have the ability to differentiate into a few cells (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)

The dynamics of aqueous humor have been best characterized in mammals where ciliary epithelial cells produce the clear ocular fluid while the trabecular meshwork, which is situated at the iridocorneal angle overlying Schlemm's canal, regulates drainage. (biomedcentral.com)
Lenses consist of two cell-types: lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells. (oist.jp)
Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fiber cells, each of which are integrated in a stereotyped geometric pattern to form spherical lens fiber core. (oist.jp)

During development, cells from diverse embryonic lineages interact to form the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
The structures of the anterior segment arise from diverse embryonic lineages and there is exquisite coordination among the different compartments during development. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings suggest that collective cell migration can be an effective way to drive the segregation of mesoderm and endoderm lineages, and cell fate decisions of hiPSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

During the second week, a rapid proliferation and differentiation of the trophoblasts occurs. (medscape.com)
Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)

Mosaic analyses reveal that Id2a function in facilitating both cell cycle progression and neuronal differentiation in the retina is non-cell-autonomous, suggesting that Id2a functions upstream of the extrinsic pathways that regulate retinogenesis. (biologists.com)
Recently, several chromatin-related proteins have been shown to regulate ESC pluripotency and/or differentiation, yet the role of the major heterochromatin proteins in pluripotency is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
However, how polarized macrophages and their exosomes regulate FAP differentiation remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)

With establishment of the lens vesicle, head mesoderm and neural crest cells migrate into a periocular location and eventually move into the anterior segment of the rudimentary eye between the surface ectoderm and the neural retina and lens. (biomedcentral.com)
Also in days 11 and 12, the primary yolk sac forms and part of the cytotrophoblast differentiates into extraembryonic mesoderm. (medscape.com)
In addition, even in the absence of exogenous supplements, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and extraembryonic cells differentiated following the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge by removing the ring-barrier. (biomedcentral.com)

Collective cell migration modulates self-organized fate patterning decisions in iPSC-derived gastrulation-stage meso-endoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

We found that the expression of Wnt2b or constitutively active (CA) β-catenin inhibited retinal progenitor gene(RPG) expression and the differentiation of retinal neurons. (biologists.com)
In this region, six major classes of retinal neurons differentiate and form neural circuits responsible for vision. (oist.jp)
Although apoptosis is important for establishment of proper neural circuits by eliminating abnormally differentiated neurons, it is unclear how differentiating cells monitor their own abnormality, and how the threshold at which apoptosis is induced is determined. (oist.jp)
The retina has greater proliferative potential than the other two compartments by virtue of the presence of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), which are capable of dividing repeatedly and generating retinal neurons and Müller glia on distinct developmental schedules. (molcells.org)

Using loss-of-function and overexpression assays in zebrafish, we demonstrate that Id2a levels modulate retinoblast cell cycle kinetics and thereby influence neuron and glia formation in the retina. (biologists.com)
Thus, the retina provides a good model for studying cell differentiation and neural circuit formation in the developing brain. (oist.jp)
Therefore, not only the CB and iris, which arise from the CM domain, but also the retina, fail to grow to normal size when CM cell proliferation is impaired. (molcells.org)

Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
Embryonic stem cells have the unique ability to exist in an undifferentiated state indefinitely while also being pluripotent. (papersowl.com)
A pluripotent stem cell has the potential to form all cells of the embryo, but cannot form a placenta. (papersowl.com)
Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an in vitro system to identify the impact of cell behavior on the earliest stages of cell fate specification during human development. (biomedcentral.com)
In pluripotent and differentiated cells HP1β is differentially localized and differentially associated with chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we examine this question during the early stages of morphogenesis of the embryonic laterality organ, the first organ to form during vertebrate development, using the zebrafish as a model organism. (elifesciences.org)

This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)

A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of development of the anterior segment can provide general insights into questions such as tissue induction, cell type fate determination, and the regulation of cellular morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this study was to determine if Mdm2 regulates p53 in vivo in the adult lens. (molvis.org)
Mdm2 regulates p53 in the adult lens in vivo. (molvis.org)
The lethality of mdm2 −/− mice before implantation makes it impossible to analyze Mdm2 interaction with p53 in vivo at specific times of development, at postnatal/adult stages, or in specific cell types. (molvis.org)
Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
2 Despite having high metabolic activity, human CECs (hCECs) do not proliferate in vivo because these cells arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (lww.com)

Interaction with extracellular ligands induces receptor clustering at the nanoscale, assembly of the signaling complexes in the cytosol and activation of downstream signaling pathways, regulating cell response. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

The study of embryo development is known as embryology, which is a branch of biology dedicated to understanding the processes and stages of embryonic growth. (microbiologynote.com)
When faced with these environmental hazards, progenitors may deviate from their correct pathway or change their potential, leading to a reduction in the pool of progenitors available for later stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

Development of the anterior segment initiates with the invagination of the lens from surface ectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
A population of ectodermal cells adjacent to the neural fold and not included in the overlying surface (somatic) ectoderm gives rise to the formation of the neural crest. (medscape.com)
Posterior to the blastopore 2 the primitive streak, ps , is seen as a collection of scattered cells between the ectoderm and the entoderm, apparently formed by proliferation from the ventral side of the ectoderm. (gutenberg.org)

A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal, whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via differentiation (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Specific stem cell types possess unique potencies, or abilities to self-renew. (papersowl.com)
That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable of differentiating into all adult cell types, while another may only be capable of maturing into one specific somatic cell type. (papersowl.com)
However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
However, the worldwide shortages of corneal donor material generate a strong demand for personalized stem cell-based alternative therapies. (lww.com)

a rare example of the transdifferentiation of one differentiated cell type into another, and a phenomenon that is thought to relate to the capacity of certain species to undergo lens regeneration. (wikipedia.org)

Abnormal migration, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of these cells contribute to diseases of the anterior segment such as corneal dystrophy, lens cataract, and glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular study of fat cell development in the human body is essential for our understanding of obesity and related diseases. (mdpi.com)

The epigenetic landscape model of Waddington's proposed that development proceeds by progressive restriction of cell fate, commitment and subsequent differentiation to a range of well-defined cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we developed an hiPSC-based model to study the effect of collective cell migration in meso-endodermal lineage segregation and cell fate decisions through the control of space confinement using a detachable ring culture system. (biomedcentral.com)
However, when collective cell migration was inhibited by blocking E-cadherin function, this fate decision within an hiPSC colony was altered to an ectodermal fate. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt signaling orchestrates multiple aspects of central nervous system development, including cell proliferation and cell fate choices. (biologists.com)
Organ formation requires the establishment of pattern in relatively broad domains, leading to specific fate choices by individual cells, along with coordinated proliferation. (biologists.com)

The migratory neural crest cell population makes a significant contribution to the anterior segment structures of the eye. (molvis.org)
However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)

Eye phenotype and lens histology and ultrastructure were analyzed in adult mice. (molvis.org)
The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)

The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)

Finally, we note that the undifferentiated ESC nucleus itself shows less spatial organization than in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The ciliary body produces aqueous humor, which is crucial for maintaining the intraocular pressure of the anterior chamber, and regulates the shape of the lens,allowing it to focus on objects at various distances. (biologists.com)

Zebrafish represent a powerful model organism for investigating the genetics and cell biology of development and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the superficial epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. (elifesciences.org)

Loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) bears disastrous consequences for the patient, including corneal clouding and blindness. (lww.com)
1 If the number of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) falls below a certain threshold because of traumatic injury, disease, or normal aging processes, functionality of the CE is decreased, and the cornea swells and becomes milky, leading to eventual vision loss. (lww.com)

On the basis of these and other studies she developed and advocated the view that the differences in gene expression that underlie cell differentiation are quantitative in nature and combinatorial in effect. (wikipedia.org)

These neuroectodermal crest cells are believed to migrate widely throughout the developing embryo in a relatively cell-free enriched extracellular matrix and differentiate into a wide array of cell and tissue types, influenced by the local environment. (medscape.com)

The eye in general and in particular the abundant proteins of the eye lens, which are termed crystallins provided Clayton and her colleague DES Truman with an ideal system in which to investigate the link between gene expression and cell differentiation during embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
By the end of week 2, the development of primary chorionic villi is observed, the primary yolk sac is replaced by the secondary yolk sac, and the amniotic cavity appears as a space between the cytotrophoblasts and the inner cell mass. (medscape.com)
Overall, the presence of stem cells is essential for proper human development and function as they contribute to the growth, maintenance, and repair of numerous physiological systems (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)
The Matrigel layer, with embedded Schwann cells, not only separates the MNs from myoblasts but also provides a proper micro-environment for MU development. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of hPSCs provides great opportunities to model and study embryonic and human development. (biomedcentral.com)
However, creating a culture platform with spatiotemporal control of cell behavior to study signaling dynamics during development remains challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
Third, we will investigate lens development. (oist.jp)

p53 participates in relevant aspects of cell biology, including apoptosis and cell cycle control and must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. (molvis.org)
1 Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78722, USA. (biologists.com)

The 5 pairs of branchial arches, corresponding to the primitive vertebrae gill bars, that form on either side of the pharyngeal foregut on day 22 are the embryologic basis of all the differentiated structures of the head and neck. (medscape.com)
The eye field comprises groups of cells biased to develop into various eye structures. (biologists.com)

Crystallin gene expression was further explored in a detailed series of studies using long-term cell culture models in which progenitor chick lens cells continuously differentiated into lens fibre cells in controlled laboratory conditions. (wikipedia.org)

The µ-molded hydrogel layer provides the topological cues for myoblast differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

In a wild-type genetic background ( mdm2 +/+ ), lens damage and microphthalmia were observed only in mice homozygous for Tg p53 ( t/t ). (molvis.org)
However, in an mdm2 null background, just one allele of Tg p53 ( mdm2 −/− /Tg p53 t/0 mice) was sufficient to cause lens damage and microphthalmia. (molvis.org)
Id2a-dependent defects in retinoblast proliferation lead to microphthalmia and to an absence of nearly all differentiated inner and outer nuclear layer cell types. (biologists.com)
Defects in CM/CB cell proliferation, therefore, often manifest as microphthalmia. (molcells.org)

It is comprised of the cornea, lens, iris, ciliary body, and highly specialized tissue at the iridocorneal angle. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, the relative timing of tissue differentiation in the anterior segment is also conserved with other vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
The anterior segment of the vertebrate eye is comprised of the cornea, lens, iris, ciliary body, and highly specialized tissue at the iridocorneal angle. (biomedcentral.com)
Technically, the rational of this 3D bilayer hydrogel co-culture system exploits multiple distinct properties of hydrogels, facilitating effective and efficient co-culturing of diverse cell types for tissue engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
The growth of individual tissue compartments is mainly related to the proliferation of the cells that comprise that compartment, whereas intercellular communication mediated by various morphogens and growth factors is responsible for coordination of growth between neighboring tissue compartments. (molcells.org)

Multipotent stem cells are capable of forming many, but not all, cell types of the body. (papersowl.com)
Hematopoietic stem cells, which can produce several different types of blood cells, are prime examples of multipotency. (papersowl.com)
Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
A sequential co-culture procedure using the three cell types of a MU, MN, myoblast, and Schwann cell was designed to construct a co-differentiating tri-culture on a bilayer hydrogel matrix. (biomedcentral.com)

All specialized cells originate from stem cells. (benthamscience.com)

Id2a-deficient retinas possess increased numbers of cells occupying S phase, at the expense of mitotic cells, and kinetic analyses demonstrate that Id2a is required for S-phase progression and/or the transition from S to M phase. (biologists.com)

These include lens delamination as opposed to invagination, lack of iris muscles and ciliary folds, and altered organization in the iridocorneal angle. (biomedcentral.com)

Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)
The sperm is a specialized reproductive cell that plays a crucial role in fertilization. (microbiologynote.com)

Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)

Anatomy60

Organisms20

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Tissues16

ESCs10

Terminal differentiation2

Mesenchymal7

Ability to differentiate2

Epithelial cells3

Lineages3

Regenerative medicine3

Proliferation and differentiation2

Regulate3

Mesoderm3

Endoderm2

Neurons4

Retina3

Pluripotent9

Vertebrate development1

Germ layers1

Morphogenesis1

Vivo5

Pathways1

Stages2

Ectoderm4

Stem cell6

Undergo1

Diseases2

Fate5

Neural crest2

Adult5

Morphological1

Spatial1

Regulates1

Zebrafish2

Corneal2

Underlie1

Extracellular1

Development7

Biology2

Structures2

Gene1

Cues1

Microphthalmia4

Tissue6

Types4

Originate1

Possess1

Delamination1

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Crucial1