• A graphical representation of variants found in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stock P1 and P2, as well as the apical washes from SARS-CoV-2-infected monkey and cat airway epithelial cell cultures with either P1 or P2 stock 96 hpi at 33°C or 37°C. SARS-CoV-2/Wuhan-Hu-1 (GenBank accession no. (cdc.gov)
  • Differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we utilized primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that are cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to mimic the in vivo airway characteristics 30 . (nature.com)
  • Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
  • Results In IPF, the bronchiolised and enlarged distal airspaces stained for SOX2 are consistent with epithelial differentiation characteristic of conducting airway epithelium. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusion Expression of SOX2 and MUC5B and lack of SPDEF in atypically differentiated cells of bronchiolised distal airspaces are consistent with abnormal programming of airway epithelial cells in IPF. (bmj.com)
  • Neuregulin1α, which drives mucus cell differentiation in vitro, was expressed in normal airway submucosal glands and in lungs from patients with IPF. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves aberrant airway inflammatory responses to cigarette smoke (CS) that are associated with epithelial cell dysfunction, cilia shortening, and mucociliary clearance disruption. (nih.gov)
  • The poor ability of respiratory epithelial cells to proliferate and differentiate in vitro into a pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium limits the general use of primary airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures generated from patients with rare diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we describe a procedure to amplify AEC isolated from nasal polyps and generate long-term cultures of the respiratory epithelium. (unige.ch)
  • The method described here is now routinely used in our laboratory to establish long-term cultures of well differentiated respiratory epithelia from human airway biopsies. (unige.ch)
  • In an in vitro cell model of human airway epithelia taken from CF patients and cultivated for 60 days, mucociliary clearance was zero. (karger.com)
  • In this study, the protective effect of a fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells was studied. (hindawi.com)
  • In previous work, human fetal intestinal cells developed epithelium without mesenchyme following implantation in mice. (ca.gov)
  • Key mesenchymal components (smooth muscle, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts and ganglion cells) were seen. (ca.gov)
  • C ) Probiotic bacteria releases antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, organic acids) and intestinal mucins from mucosal cells, which can effectively inhibit virus proliferation. (news-medical.net)
  • Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo , suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in the inflammatory response to colonizing or invading microorganisms via the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is not known if CXCR1 is expressed on the apical or basolateral poles in polarized Caco-2 BBE cells or human intestinal tissue or whether the direction of TLR signalling influences the direction of IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigated IL-8 secretion in response to TLR signalling using intestinal Caco-2 BBE cells grown in the Transwell system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we determined the localization of the CXCR1 receptor in Caco-2 BBE cells and human intestinal tissue samples and investigated the role of IL-8 autocrine signalling using transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TET1 plays a critical role in intestinal epithelial differentiation and development, and this is also correlated with increased hydroxymethylation in terminally differentiated epithelial cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Human intestinal organoids are self-organizing, 3D structures that can be expanded in long-term culture and differentiate into intestinal epithelial cell types. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Epithelial intestinal organoids, often referred to as enteroids or "mini-guts", maintain the physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal system and have been a useful cell culture tool to model intestinal development and disease including the study of colon cancer, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and host microbiome interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Highly characterized cryopreserved human colon intestinal organoids derived from integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The single IgG IL-1-related receptor controls TLR responses in differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Se trata de CÉLULAS EPITELIALES diferenciadas, con MICROVELLOSIDADES en el polo apical, orientadas hacia la luz intestinal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sus microvellosidades incrementan notablemente, entre 14 y 40 veces, el área de superficie de la célula en la luz intestinal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. (bvsalud.org)
  • They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. (bvsalud.org)
  • With the aim to specifically address the possible interplay of 16E5 with KGFR/FGFR2b in cells already committed to differentiation, we took advantage of an in vitro model for forced overexpression or depletion of KGFR in E5 expressing human keratinocytes under synchronous waves of differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This meant that the cells can change their differentiation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Drosophila imaginal discs, cells have to choose from a limited number of standard discrete differentiation states. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors sought to identify mechanisms driving the differentiation of mucus cells during the bronchiolisation process. (bmj.com)
  • In this work, pathways governing mucus cell differentiation were investigated in lung tissues from patients with IPF and other chronic pulmonary disorders. (bmj.com)
  • Activation of abnormal respiratory epithelial differentiation programs may contribute to the expression of MUC5B and bronchiolisation of the distal lung, a salient feature of IPF. (bmj.com)
  • Immunohistochemically, the tumor demonstrated epithelial-myoepithelial dual lineage differentiation, which confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic ACC. (hindawi.com)
  • At this juncture, through the present study it was found that, chicken neural retinal cells when grown alone failed to survive and contrarily when either co-cultured with chicken amniotic epithelial cells / cultured in amniotic epithelial cell conditioned medium not only survived but also showed extensive differentiation. (scielo.org.ar)
  • performed in vivo lineage tracing studies to determine that expression of the keratin 15 promoter distinguishes a distinct basal stem cell population that is capable of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into squamous-lineage cells. (jci.org)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This constant replacement of the epithelium is driven by cells located in the base of colonic crypts, which constantly divide and give rise to the various differentiated cell types. (nature.com)
  • In contrast to the M cells, the sites where lymphocytes invaded the dome epithelium were not arranged in radial strips, but randomly distributed over the domes. (nih.gov)
  • Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated human origin and the three differentiated cell types of mature colon epithelium. (ca.gov)
  • In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Either freshly isolated or amplified AEC could differentiate into a pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium for at least 10 mo. (unige.ch)
  • Microscopic evaluation revealed severe hyperplasia of the mammary epithelium and numerous well-differentiated and mildly pleomorphic acini. (scielo.br)
  • The stratified organization of the epithelium restricts proliferative cells to the basal layer, and these cells must migrate toward the lumen as they differentiate. (jci.org)
  • The esophageal lumen is lined by a stratified squamous epithelium comprised of proliferative basal cells that differentiate while migrating toward the luminal surface and eventually desquamate. (jci.org)
  • Herein, we have described a long-lived progenitor cell population in the mouse esophageal epithelium that is characterized by expression of keratin 15 ( Krt15 ). (jci.org)
  • Depletion of Krt15 -derived cells resulted in decreased proliferation, thereby leading to atrophy of the esophageal epithelium. (jci.org)
  • These results establish the presence of a long-lived and indispensable Krt15 + progenitor cell population that provides additional perspective on esophageal epithelial biology and the widely prevalent diseases that afflict this epithelium. (jci.org)
  • In vivo, NTSR1 mRNA expression was undetectable in superficial differentiated epithelial cells in histological specimens of normal human colonic epithelium, but there was moderate and strong expression in adenomas and adenocarcinomas respectively. (springer.com)
  • Histopathological observations revealed hypertrophy and proliferation in gill epithelium, curling and fusion of secondary gill lamellae (SGL), distortion in chloride and pillar cells under laboratory experiment. (omicsonline.org)
  • Scanning electron microscopy displayed severe loss of normal array of concentric microridges, swelling of microridges, damage in epithelial cells and appearance of vacuoles on the stratified epithelium, while loss of regular pattern of microridges were observed under field condition. (omicsonline.org)
  • After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • H ) CD4 + cells differentiate into Th2 cells, which induce B-cells' proliferation that produces antibodies like IgA, IgG, and IgM. (news-medical.net)
  • The use of fibroblast feeder layers strongly stimulated the proliferation of epithelial cells, allowing the expansion of the cell pool with successive passages. (unige.ch)
  • Multifaceted entrancing role of glucose and its analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose in cancer cell proliferation, inflammation, and virus infection. (tamu.edu)
  • Additionally, moderate proliferation of the fibrous connective tissue and the myoepithelial cells near the proliferating acini was evident. (scielo.br)
  • Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
  • It is controversial whether the membranous (M) cells of the Peyer's patches represent a separate cell line or develop from enterocytes under the influence of lymphocytes on the domes. (nih.gov)
  • Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors are of Mullerian origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • To prioritise pathways we will undertake high-throughput functional genomic screens using CRISPR, perform lung digital spatial transcriptomic profiling and utilise informative cell and tissue models. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • This will inform in-depth mechanistic assays at the cell, tissue and organ scales to identify the key mechanisms underpinning regulation of lung function in health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Conditional systems for gene targeting have been developed for study of lung formation and function, as well as for identifying lung progenitor cells and their fates in the mouse. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Guinea pig primary peripheral lung epithelial cells (PLECs) transfected with adenovirus E1A (E1A-PLECs) were compared to guinea pig normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) transfected with E1A (E1A-NLFs). (ersjournals.com)
  • E1A transfection results in the transformation of peripheral lung epithelial cells and normal lung fibroblasts to a phenotype intermediate between that of the two primary cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • Adenoviral DNA is retained by peripheral epithelial cells of the lung (PLECs) in humans in whom the viral E1A gene is expressed 4 without replication of a complete virus 5 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Case-control studies have shown that the E1A DNA from group C adenoviruses is present in greater amounts in the lungs of patients with COPD than in controls with normal lung function matched for age, sex and smoking history 5 , and that the excess inflammation in the lungs of smokers with severe emphysema is associated with increased numbers of alveolar epithelial cells expressing E1A 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Accurate fluid pressure in the fetal lung is critical for its development, especially at the beginning of the saccular stage when alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells differentiate from the epithelial progenitors. (lu.se)
  • Lung epithelial cells are located on the surface of the internal parts of the lung, and they are responsible for gas exchange (i.e., breathing). (lu.se)
  • These cells are heavily damaged in patients with lung fibrosis. (lu.se)
  • Previously, our research team had found that two molecules, or more specifically, co-transcriptional regulators, known as YAP and TAZ, are involved in the damage of the lung epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • ARPE-19 is a nontransformed human RPE cell line that displays many differentiated properties typical of RPE in vivo. (nist.gov)
  • Exposure to CS reduced cilia length and induced autophagy in vivo and in differentiated mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs). (nih.gov)
  • Human tissue-engineered colon forms from postnatal progenitor cells: an in vivo murine model. (ca.gov)
  • Genetic in vivo lineage tracing revealed that the Krt15 promoter marks a long-lived basal cell population able to self-renew, proliferate, and generate differentiated cells, consistent with a progenitor/stem cell population. (jci.org)
  • The term 'microinvasive carcinoma' is no longer recommended, and the term 'superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma' (SISCCA) should be used instead. (cancer.org.au)
  • Carcinoma cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition differentiate into endothelial cells and contribute to tumor growth. (tamu.edu)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • During this process, the cells migrate along the crypt wall towards the surface where they are shed into the lumen. (nature.com)
  • This keynote address will describe new drugs emerging from studies of the VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), which is usually defective in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). (aspet.org)
  • This has been studied mainly in the small intestine, where different cell types such as enterocyte progenitors 4 , more differentiated secretory Bmi1 + cells 3 , or even fully differentiated Paneth cells can repopulate crypts upon injury. (nature.com)
  • These findings indicate that keratin 15 + progenitors give rise to a population of squamous epithelial cells that are critical to recovery from injury and disease. (jci.org)
  • Regeneration requires stromal Rspo3, which is present at increased levels upon injury and reprograms Lgr5 − but Lgr4 + differentiated cells. (nature.com)
  • We have shown that in the stomach, stem cell homeostasis is regulated by Wnt and Rspo secreted by stromal myofibroblasts 11 . (nature.com)
  • This Rspo3-driven regeneration program is supported by injury-induced stromal remodeling, and is essential for epithelial recovery. (nature.com)
  • These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • The E5 oncogenic protein of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16 E5) cooperates in epithelial transformation perturbing the behaviour of differentiating suprabasal cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
  • hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Evaluation of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell culture systems for asthma research Journal of Allergy. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • During more recent years, his reseach has been conducted in the field of regenerative medicine, focussed on antigen expression and immune recognition of human embryonic stem cells and bioartificial heart valves, the latter tissues being of animal origin. (gu.se)
  • Combined treatment of FWGE and 5-fluorouracil or dacarbazine resulted in a synergistic effect in the HCR-25 human cancer cell line and B16 murine melanoma cell line [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our aim is to establish phenotypically and transcriptionally characterized different subsets of primary human ocular cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Premature senescence of human ARPE-19 cells was induced by repeated treatments with 6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tert-BHP). (nist.gov)
  • Immunofluorescence staining confirmed human origin, identified differentiated epithelial cell types and verified the presence of supporting mesenchyme. (ca.gov)
  • Conclusion: Colon can form from human progenitor cells on a scaffold in a mouse host. (ca.gov)
  • The dose-response toxicity of the four-wood dust particulate (PM5 Wood Dust, PM5 Zinc Wood Dust, >PM5 Wood Dust and >PM5 Zinc Wood Dust) was evaluated using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and differentiated human macrophages (THP-1) over a wide dose range of 0-156.25 µg/cm2 or 0-500 µg/ml. (cdc.gov)
  • The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CXCR1 is expressed in the human IEC line Caco-2 BBE [ 3 ], which is in agreement with our own microarray data using Caco-2 BBE cell mRNA (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Photothermal modulation of human stem cells using light-responsive 2D nanomaterials. (tamu.edu)
  • Previously, we have reported neurotrophism exhibited by human amniotic epithelial cells when transplanted after spinal cord injury in bonnet monkeys. (scielo.org.ar)
  • 3dGRO ™ Human iPSC Derived Colon Organoids are derived from integration-free human iPS cells (Cat. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Human iPS cells were differentiated using a multi-step process from definitive endoderm to posterior hind-gut endoderm and eventually into colon organoids (Figure 1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In in vitro studies, the addition of NT to human colon cancer cell lines resulted in significantly increased cancer cell growth and the growth of xenografted human colon cancer cells in mice [ 9 ]. (springer.com)
  • There are several categories of human disease models to study respiratory diseases and drug development: cell lines, primary cells, 3D cell models, cell co-cultures, explants and in silico models [ 4 ]. (karger.com)
  • At present, the most popular models are cell lines, derived from human tissues, which are mentioned in this paper. (karger.com)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) (ALLCells, Alameda, CA, USA) were employed in the current study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, we performed a high-throughput screen for small molecules active against rubella virus in human respiratory cells and identified two nucleoside analogs, NM107 and AT-527, with potent antiviral activity. (cdc.gov)
  • HPV-related squamous disease reflects a unified epithelial biology. (cancer.org.au)
  • In squamous epithelia, this is defined as continuous strong nuclear, or nuclear plus cytoplasmic, staining of the basal cell layer with extension upward involving at least one-third of the epithelial thickness. (cancer.org.au)
  • We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
  • These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
  • AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • Stimulation of polarized Caco-2 BBE cells with Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, agonists for TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 from the apical or basolateral sides induced secretion of IL-8 predominantly into the apical compartment regardless of the location of the stimulus, although basolateral stimulation induced smaller amounts of IL-8 compared to apical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They were also characterized by thick apical secretion that hampered the movement of cell surface debris by cilia. (unige.ch)
  • At higher magnification, the tumor cells showed minimal cytological atypia, scant cytoplasm, fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, and rare mitotic figures (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)
  • The tumor cells were round to oval with fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, indistinct cell borders, and light nongranular cytoplasm. (hindawi.com)
  • the abluminal myoepithelial cells of the tumor are positive for SMA and P63. (hindawi.com)
  • Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
  • Low-risk types (e.g., types 6 and 11) can cause benign or low-grade cervical cell changes, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Probiotics may trap the virus in respiratory infection, as well as inhibit binding of the virus to the host cell receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • Among the receptor tyrosine kinases deregulated by 16E5 expression, the key paracrine mediator of epithelial homeostasis keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR/FGFR2b) is altered in its signaling and endocytic traffic in undifferentiated keratinocytes expressing 16E5 and it would represent a major target of the viral protein in differentiated cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • We demonstrate that while Rspo3 from myofibroblasts maintains colonic Lgr5 + cells during homeostasis, during injury its main function is not to maintain Lgr5 + cells but to interact with more differentiated cells that express Lgr4 but not Lgr5 and are able to regain expression of Wnt target genes and generate new crypts. (nature.com)
  • The goal of the cornea ageing and rejuvenation project is to analyze the difference between a young adult versus an old adult in terms of their markers involved in ageing, senescence, inflammation, mitochrondria dysfunction and epithelial homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
  • The perturbances in cellular redox homeostasis leads to high free radical burden thereby causing oxidative stress in the cells. (stanford.edu)
  • This week in the JCI , a study led by Anil Rustgi at the University of Pennsylvania identifies keratin 15 as a marker for a subpopulation of proliferative stem cells in the esophagus that are indispensible for maintaining homeostasis as well as regenerating tissue following injury. (jci.org)
  • The fusogenic lectin-like property of CT has been explored for membrane transport, cell signalling, host cell biology and controlling intracellular machineries. (mdpi.com)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Most of these lymphocytes are destroyed, with the remainder of these cells migrating to tissues to become T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Currently we are collecting and growing epithelial cells from the ocular surface of donor eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
  • The knowledge gained from separating and identifying different cells types of the eye will provide greater understanding into the physiology and overall function of the various eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
  • The colonic epithelial turnover is driven by crypt-base stem cells that express the R-spondin receptor Lgr5. (nature.com)
  • Rspo proteins are secreted and can stabilize the effects of Wnt ligands by preventing ubiquitination and turnover of the Wnt receptor frizzled 9 , thereby dictating the size of the Lgr5 + stem cell pool by regulating self-renewal of Lgr5 + cells 10 . (nature.com)
  • B ) Binding of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial surface can cause steric hindrance and block the virus's attachment to the host cell receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • Transcriptome analyses revealed that Caco-2 BBE cells respond to stimulation with IL-8 supporting the hypothesis that IL-8 induces G protein-coupled receptor signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2001) had found amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium showed neurotrophic effect on rat embryonic day 18 (E18) cortical neurons. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Organoids can be propagated from patient biopsies and from embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • E ) Upon virus attack in epithelial cells, probiotics mediate their antiviral effects by eliciting immune responses by activating macrophages and dendritic cells. (news-medical.net)
  • G ) CD4 + T lymphocytes cells differentiate into Th1, which activates phagocytosis through NK cells and macrophages, promoting pathogen killing. (news-medical.net)
  • The differentiated macrophages were less sensitive than the epithelial cells but showed similar responses in cytotoxicity and membrane damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Thymoma originates within the epithelial cells of the thymus, a lymphoid organ located in the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
  • In early life, the thymus is responsible for the development and maturation of cell-mediated immunologic functions. (medscape.com)
  • The thymus is composed predominantly of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Precursor cells migrate to the thymus and differentiate into lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, experimental evidence suggests these cells are important for thymus function by either directly influencing T-cell development, or by indirectly regulating TEC development and/or function. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we cover how the non-epithelial compartment of thymic stroma represent essential cell populations in regulating thymus function. (frontiersin.org)
  • We hypothesize that iPSC reprogrammed from ocular epithelial cells will be more efficient in differentiating into ocular lineages and exhibit higher functionality than non-ocular sources such as fibroblasts or blood. (stanford.edu)
  • Reports from several laboratories suggest that a phenomenon termed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, in which epithelial cells transform into fibroblasts capable of producing connective tissue matrix, is an important feature of tissue remodelling 10 , 11 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The changes that occur during adenoviral E1A transformation of primary guinea pig PLECs were also compared with those occurring during the transformation of the fibroblasts that frequently contaminate primary epithelial cultures, and evidence is presented that both cell types are transformed to an intermediate phenotype. (ersjournals.com)
  • Her doctoral research investigated the metabolic changes that metastatic breast cancer cells undergo following the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. (cancer.gov)
  • Senescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (nist.gov)
  • As advancement in methods to differentiate iPSC into ocular lineages progresses, new non-integrative transfection strategies shows more promise for safe clinical application. (stanford.edu)
  • SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues. (rupress.org)
  • In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
  • Polarity is essential for generating cell diversity. (biologists.com)
  • The one-cell C. elegans embryo serves as a model for studying the establishment and maintenance of polarity. (biologists.com)
  • In Drosophila and mammals, Lgl contributes to the maintenance of cell polarity and plays a role in asymmetric cell division. (biologists.com)
  • Polarity is critical for axis specification and for generating cell diversity during development. (biologists.com)
  • In metazoans, cell polarity is mediated in part by a conserved set of regulatory proteins, known collectively as the PAR (partitioning-defective) proteins. (biologists.com)
  • They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The domes of Peyer's patches were supplied with epithelial cells that derived from two types of crypt: specialized dome-associated crypts and ordinary crypts differing not only in shape, size, and cellular composition but also in the presence of M cell precursors. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the cervical epithelial neoplasms and their precursors occur at the squamocolumnar junction or within the transformation zone. (cytojournal.com)
  • F ) Activation of immune response leads to differentiating CD8 + T lymphocytes into CTLs, capable of destroying virus-infected cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Signals that regulate epithelial regeneration upon stem cell injury are largely unknown. (nature.com)
  • Upon Lgr5 + cell depletion, these cells are recruited to contribute to crypt regeneration. (nature.com)
  • Thus, we find that endogenous Rspo3 signaling is a critical determinant of cellular fate within the crypt and stimulates rapid recruitment of differentiated cells for epithelial wound healing and crypt regeneration through induction of Wnt signaling. (nature.com)
  • Although wild-type mice displayed normal morphology 15 days after injury, tissue regeneration remained incomplete in mice lacking keratin 15 + cells. (jci.org)
  • Further, Krt15 + cells were radioresistant and contributed to esophageal epithelial regeneration following radiation-induced injury. (jci.org)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2003). Similarly, when transplanted into ischemic cortical areas, they were found to differentiate into 'neuron-like' cells (Okawa et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) replacement transplantation can ameliorate diseased hematologic system, thus inhibiting immune disorders including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficient disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • By virtue of expressions of glial and neural surface markers and capability of neurotransmitter metabolism, amniotic epithelial cells are considered as candidate cell type for transplantation strategies to treat neurological disorders. (scielo.org.ar)
  • These findings suggested the usefulness of them as an alternate source of cells for transplantation approaches to treat neurological disorders (Sakuragawa et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells in various regions of central nervous system such as caudate nucleus (Bankiewicz et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Amniotic epithelial cells transplantation in Parkinson model of rats was found to reverse the condition and prevent death in neurons (Kakishita et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • 2001). In our previous report, we concluded the usefulness of amniotic epithelial cells transplantation in spinal cord injury repair research. (scielo.org.ar)
  • We had also outlined various biological and social advantages by which, amniotic epithelial cells transplantation excels its precedent viz. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Recently, our conclusion of usefulness of amniotic epithelial cells transplantation to treat spinal cord injuries has been confirmed in rodent models of spinal cord injury (Zhi-yuan et al. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Lgr5 is a well-established marker of these basal stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract 1 and lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that Lgr5 + cells give rise to clonal cell populations establishing entire colonic crypts 2 . (nature.com)
  • DSRCT is composed of small cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and a dense fibrous or spindle cell stroma. (medscape.com)
  • Mucus cells lining abnormal airways from patients with IPF expressed MUC5B and SOX2 but lacked SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and forkhead box A3(FOXA3). (bmj.com)
  • The last decades have been marked by the accumulation of knowledge about the inner workings of the normal and abnormal cells of the colon. (springer.com)
  • SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • For example, "chief" cells express the stem cell marker Troy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of Lgr5 is controlled by Wnt signaling, which plays a critical role for stem cell turnover in the gastrointestinal tract 2 . (nature.com)
  • RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
  • The reversible transformation of cells of one differentiated cell type to another is called metaplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation is now recognised as an important feature of tissue remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
  • In the present study, the hypothesis that adenoviral infection followed by persistent expression of its E1A gene is capable of producing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation was examined by investigating guinea pig PLECs that express adenoviral E1A. (ersjournals.com)
  • An aberrant activation of the biological process, termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes as well as cancer stem cells (CSC) properties by epithelial cancer cells. (tamu.edu)
  • The study was designed to determine whether the protein profiles of control and prematurely senescent ARPE-19 cells exhibit differences and to identify differentially expressed proteins. (nist.gov)
  • Moreover, they can make this transition even in the absence of noticeable injuries and are capable of replenishing entire gastric units, in essence serving as quiescent "reserve" stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATM-dependent activation of SIM2s regulates homologous recombination and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (tamu.edu)
  • To answer this question, the crypts that produce the dome epithelial cells were studied and the distribution of M cells over the domes was determined in mice. (nih.gov)
  • LSIL is the morphologic expression of acute HPV infection and is characterised by cells with increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and irregular nuclear membranes. (cancer.org.au)
  • In the early stage, minute basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within conjunctival epithelial cells in Giemsa-stained conjunctival scrapings differentiate trachoma from nonchlamydial conjunctivitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The majority of epithelial cells are therefore short-lived, in contrast to a limited number of long-lived stem cells in the base of the crypts. (nature.com)
  • When epithelial cells derived from ordinary crypts entered the domes, they formed converging radial strips devoid of M cells. (nih.gov)
  • M cell development is restricted to specialized dome-associated crypts. (nih.gov)
  • Only dome epithelial cells that derive from these specialized crypts differentiate into M cells. (nih.gov)
  • It is concluded that M cells represent a separate cell line that is induced in the dome-associated crypts by still unknown, probably diffusible lymphoid factors. (nih.gov)