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Ambystoma mexicanumRegenerationExtremitiesNeoplasms, Germ Cell and EmbryonalTurbellariaNotophthalmusAmbystomaNotophthalmus viridescensBeckwith-Wiedemann SyndromeMedulloblastomaHepatoblastomaNeuroectodermal Tumors, PrimitiveWilms TumorQuassinsNeuropilForelimbCerebellar NeoplasmsChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Central Nervous System NeoplasmsNeuroblastomaBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorRhabdomyosarcomaSalamandridaeInsulin-Like Growth Factor IIGenomic ImprintingTumor Cells, CulturedAnimal FinsPlanariansTumor Markers, BiologicalTriturusNeoplasms, ExperimentalTumor BurdenTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTailCell ProliferationNeoplasmsAmputationNeoplasm MetastasisCell DivisionCarcinoma, Ehrlich TumorTumor Suppressor Protein p53Mammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalGenes, Tumor SuppressorNeoplasm TransplantationMice, NudeImmunohistochemistryUrodelaAntigens, NeoplasmNeoplastic Cells, CirculatingTumor MicroenvironmentNeovascularization, PathologicCarcinoid TumorSignal TransductionKidney NeoplasmsTransplantation, HeterologousAdenocarcinomaFibrosarcomaXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysMice, Inbred BALB CIn Situ HybridizationPleurodelesNeoplasm ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataApoptosisNeuroendocrine TumorsNerve TissueColonic NeoplasmsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAntineoplastic AgentsCell SurvivalGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCell DifferentiationBreast NeoplasmsZebrafishSarcoma, ExperimentalAntibodies, MonoclonalMelanoma, ExperimentalCell LineCell MovementTime FactorsMice, SCIDMice, Inbred C57BLAnaplasiaDNA, NeoplasmCell Transformation, NeoplasticOvarian NeoplasmsBase SequenceGliomaGene ExpressionTransfectionLiver NeoplasmsFlow CytometrySkin NeoplasmsCytotoxicity, ImmunologicAmino Acid SequenceLung NeoplasmsPancreatic Neoplasms
Stages of embryonicDifferentiationProliferateAmputationPopulationsRenalAdultPathwayDistalGenerateProliferationHomeostasisDevelopmentTissueRegenerationActivatesCellularExperimentsVivoApoptosisStem cellRegulationTissuesDivisionTypesAnalysisPlaceActivationCollecting duct sTargetExpressionDrugCycleSingle
Stages of embryonic3
  • The genetic and protein experiments proved the obtention of DKCs that passed through the chronological stages of embryonic kidney development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicated that we obtained DKCs from mPSCs, which passed through the chronological stages of embryonic kidney development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WD develops in the early stages of embryonic development, and it has a pivotal role in the genitourinary system formation. (esur2023.com)
Differentiation5
  • In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mutation of MET plays a crucial role in the initiation of cancer, while the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway also plays a significant role in cell differentiation and the maintenance of tumor stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although not essential for initial WD formation, the later differentiation of this embryological structure relies on androgens derived from the Leydig cells. (esur2023.com)
  • In the presence of a Y chromosome and the SRY gene, müllerian‐inhibiting substance produced by Sertoli cells causes regression of the MD. Meanwhile, testosterone produced by the Leydig cells induces differentiation of the WD into the efferent ducts that communicate with the rete testis, followed by the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct. (esur2023.com)
Proliferate2
  • Following activation, they proliferate to generate differentiating myoblasts. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Amputation4
  • After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. (unimore.it)
  • Histological studies focusing on the early cephalic tentacle regeneration in P. canaliculata, have demonstrated that wound closure and blastema formation took place within 24 h post amputation (hpa). (unimore.it)
  • However, in response to amputation, levels of cell death were decreased and failed to localize near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, the neoblast mitotic response was increased around the amputation area but the regenerative blastema failed to form. (biomedcentral.com)
Populations2
  • Conventional chemotherapy drugs are primarily designed to target the majority of cell populations within tumors rather than tumor stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal2
  • Another 2011 study found that the p53 homozygous (Pro/Pro) genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for renal cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ureteric bud grows laterally and invades the center of the metanephric blastema, the primordial renal tissue [4]. (esur2023.com)
Adult5
  • Embryonic or adult SCs by definition are characterized by their self-renewal and potentiality, peculiarities that allow them to give rise to more SCs and differentiate into various cell lineages under appropriate conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unidirectional regeneration in the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis involves the proliferation of adult stem cells residing in the branchial sac vasculature and the migration of progenitor cells to the site of distal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway4
  • Studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) commonly describe the nonfunctional p53-p21 axis of the G1/S checkpoint pathway with subsequent relevance for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response (DDR). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this comprehensive review, we analyze and compare the potential impact of the Hh pathway on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HGF/c-MET-driven tumor models, as well as the interplay between different cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal6
  • During the fifth week, differentiating mesenchymal cells condense in a proximal-to-distal fashion to form blastemas, which eventually develop into cartilaginous models of, ultimately, the bones of the upper extremity. (medscape.com)
  • The metanephric blastema forms glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules. (esur2023.com)
  • However, after the Ciona body is bisected, regeneration occurs in the proximal but not in the distal fragments, even if the latter include a part of the branchial sac with stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • siRNA-mediated gene knockdown showed that hsp70 and dnaJb4, but not bag3, are required for progenitor cell targeting and distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heat shock treatment of distal body fragments activated hsp70 and dnaJb4 expression indicative of a stress response, induced cell proliferation in branchial sac vasculature cells, and promoted distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stress response is absent from distal fragments, but can be induced by a heat shock, which activates cell division in the branchial sac vasculature and promotes distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Generate1
  • In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Proliferation1
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Homeostasis1
  • Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell-cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. (mdpi.com)
Development2
  • The regeneration of a tissue intuitively recapitulates aspects of its embryonic development. (frontiersin.org)
  • This quantitative study explores the acceptability of Online Learning Action Cell (LAC) practice as a school-based professional development strategy for Tagumpay National High School (TNHS) teachers. (philarchive.org)
Tissue5
  • Mesenchymal cells derived from the dermomyotome condense within connective tissue (mesenchymal) scaffolds to form 2 common muscle masses. (medscape.com)
  • It is well-established that early embryonic signaling pathways are critical for growth and patterning of new tissue during regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSC) are crucial for tissue homoeostasis and repair after injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
Regeneration2
  • Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates the importance of a stress response for stem cell activation and regeneration in a basal chordate, which may have implications for understanding the limited regenerative activities in other animals, including vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Activates1
  • In this cell type, p53 activates numerous microRNAs (like miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-302d) that directly inhibit the p21 expression in hESCs. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular1
  • p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Experiments1
  • However, experiments demonstrate that even at this early stage, cells are already polarized in some sense and carry positional information. (medscape.com)
Vivo1
Apoptosis2
  • p53 plays a role in regulation or progression through the cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability by means of several mechanisms: It can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can initiate apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death) if DNA damage proves to be irreparable. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cell3
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation1
  • It can arrest growth by holding the cell cycle at the G1/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition-if it holds the cell here for long enough, the DNA repair proteins will have time to fix the damage and the cell will be allowed to continue the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues1
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Division3
  • When p21(WAF1) is complexed with CDK2, the cell cannot continue to the next stage of cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mutant p53 will no longer bind DNA in an effective way, and, as a consequence, the p21 protein will not be available to act as the "stop signal" for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Types6
  • ESCs are obtained from inner cell mass, characterized by unlimited self-renewal and pluripotentiality, which allow them to differentiate into various specialized cells types in a morphologically and functionally way, characteristics that make them attractive for developing differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The kidney is a complex organ composed of several cell types, and it is conformed approximately by 11,000 nephrons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An improved ontological representation of dendritic cells as a paradigm for all cell types. (philarchive.org)
  • The Cell Ontology (CL) is designed to provide a standardized representation of cell types for data annotation. (philarchive.org)
  • Currently, the CL employs multiple is_a relations, defining cell types in terms of histological, functional, and lineage properties, and the majority of definitions are written with sufficient generality to hold across multiple species. (philarchive.org)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Analysis2
  • Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. (unimore.it)
Place1
  • The p21 protein binds directly to cyclin-CDK complexes that drive forward the cell cycle and inhibits their kinase activity, thereby causing cell cycle arrest to allow repair to take place. (wikipedia.org)
Activation1
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Collecting duct s1
  • The ureteric bud is a pivotal structure that differentiate into the ureter and the collecting duct system of the kidney. (esur2023.com)
Target1
  • Within a target cell, RA signaling is activated by the binding of all- trans RA, the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, to heterodimers of two nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). (mdpi.com)
Expression1
  • The upregulation of HSP70 chaperone genes was verified and their expression confirmed in BS vasculature cells previously identified as stem and progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Drug1
  • Moreover, the exclusive targeting of tumor stemness cell disregards the potential for other tumor cells to regain stemness and acquire drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Cycle2
  • p21 (WAF1) binds to the G1-S/CDK (CDK4/CDK6, CDK2, and CDK1) complexes (molecules important for the G1/S transition in the cell cycle) inhibiting their activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quiescent MuSC have a primary cilium, which is disassembled upon cell cycle entry. (bvsalud.org)
Single1
  • Single cell transcriptomics of MuSC progeny isolated from myofibers identifies components of several signalling pathways, which are deregulated in absence of TA3, including Hh and Wnt. (bvsalud.org)