• Inter-cellular variability in the duration of the cell cycle is a well documented phenomena which has been integrated into mathematical models of cell proliferation since the 70's. (hamilton.ie)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ammonia inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression at S -phase in human gastric cells . (nih.gov)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. (nature.com)
  • In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system's evolution. (nature.com)
  • Starting from a depolarized (proliferative) cell, the organism grows to a certain size, limited by the increasingly polarized state after successive proliferation events. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these results indicated that both 7β-OHC and 25-OHC inhibited the proliferation of THP-1 cells through apoptosis and cell cycle accumulation at G 2 /M phase. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Drosophila CIAPIN1 homologue is required for follicle cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
  • We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
  • The anticancer agent indisulam inhibits cell proliferation by causing degradation of RBM39, an essential mRNA splicing factor. (nature.com)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • SCARA5 promoted cell proliferation and migration but inhibited apoptosis in ESCC. (hindawi.com)
  • SCARA5 expression is significantly downregulated in various tumor tissues including liver cancer (LC), rectal cancer, and glioblastoma [ 15 , 16 ] and might affect cell proliferation and invasion abilities by the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [ 5 , 17 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • No significant apoptosis was observed in the BEAS-2B cell type. (cdc.gov)
  • SAEC cells exposed to AL-MW3 showed significant apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Prophase: This phase marks the beginning of cell division. (careforlifee.com)
  • 5 Nucleated cells divide after a sequence of seven phases: initial growth-G 2 , chromosomal replication-S, secondary growth-G 2 , prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. (icr.org)
  • Hahn AT, Jones JT, Meyer T. Quantitative analysis of cell cycle phase durations and PC12 differentiation using fluorescent biosensors. (harvard.edu)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Differentiation is the process that refers to the specialization of cells. (proprofs.com)
  • During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to perform specific tasks in the body. (proprofs.com)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The inhibitors demonstrated promising effects in vitro with reduced viability, increased differentiation and cell death of neuroblastoma cells. (lu.se)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
  • The degron is found only in RBM23 and RBM39, and only these proteins were detectably downregulated in indisulam-treated HCT116 cells. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, sustained AhR activation in response to TCDD treatment increases p27 Kip1 expression in addition to P4501A1, resulting in G 1 phase cell cycle arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treating serum-released 5L cells with the alkyne metabolism-based P4501A1 inhibitor 1-(1-propynyl)pyrene results in prolonged AhR activation, enhanced p27 Kip1 expression, and G 1 phase arrest after serum release. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The data are consistent with a cell cycle role for P4501A1 because they show that P4501A1 negatively regulates the duration of AhR action through the metabolic removal of the receptor agonist, thereby preventing AhR-mediated G 1 phase arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest, and disruption of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 activity induced by doxorubicin in synchronized P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment of synchronized cells in early S phase with 1 microM Dox (2 x ID50) for 1 hr induced a marked cell arrest at G2/M phase at 6-12 hr after drug incubation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our results suggest that anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity is cell cycle dependent and is mediated, at least in part, by disturbance of the regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex, thus leading to G2/M phase arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment of neuroblastoma PDX cells with ARRY-520 resulted in mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death. (lu.se)
  • Rigosertib reduced cell viability of neuroblastoma cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. (lu.se)
  • In eukaryotic cells , DNA is found in structures called chromosomes. (coursehero.com)
  • Cyclins: There are a variety of cyclins that can be found, and vary based on the type of eukaryotic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • During the S phase, the replication of the cell's genetic material, DNA, occurs. (coursehero.com)
  • Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. (umassmed.edu)
  • Because efficient loading of excess MCM complexes is usually thought to be required for cells to tolerate replication tension Cdt1- and SNF2H-mediated advertising of MCM loading could be biologically relevant for the legislation of DNA replication. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • the chorion gene loci in follicle cells (21 22 In pre-RC development the effective launching of multiple MCM complexes is necessary for the toleration of replication strains and activation of checkpoint pathways (23-25). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • S-phase: During cell replication when DNA is replicated, and is initiated by the S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) cyclin complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DNA replication takes place, due to the increase in SPF during the switching from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • SPF is also used to inhibit double replication of chromosomes in the cell cycle, which is important for not allowing a duplication of our genome to occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of cyclin-CDK is crucial for the replication of DNA to occur in the S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the type of cyclins and their concentrations have a direct effect on the activity of SPF when in S-phase, which has an effect on DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The table conveys different eukaryotes, and Cyclin-CDK complexes needed for the species to initiate DNA replication, which occurs in the S-phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • These complexes then activate S-Cdk complexes that move forward with DNA replication in the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA is copied, in a process called replication, so that a cell's DNA can be passed on to its daughter cells. (weegy.com)
  • Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
  • SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)
  • Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Biochemical triggers known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) switch on cell cycles events at the corrected time and in the correct order to prevent any mistakes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In whole cells, Dox treatment prevented p34cdc2 kinase dephosphorylation without altering its synthesis, and this effect was due to neither down-regulation of cdc25C nor inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Also, the oxysterols showed the accumulation at G 2 /M phase of cell cycle through down-regulation of cyclin B1 expression. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This complex inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a key protein in cells that regulate the gene translation responsible for cell-cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • To do so, we model the cell cycle as a partially temporal network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by combining a traditional static PPI network with protein concentration or RNA expression time series data. (biorxiv.org)
  • Serum release of serum-starved (G 0 ) 5L rat hepatoma cells triggers transient AhR activation and P4501A1 protein expression concomitant with the G 0 /G 1 -to-S phase transition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • During G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order for the cell to continue through the G1-pm, there must be a high amount of growth factors and a steady rate of protein synthesis, otherwise the cell will move into G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • The prognostic and treatment predictive markers currently in use for breast cancer are commonly based on the protein levels of individual genes (e.g. steroid receptors), or aspects of the tumor phenotype such as histological grade and percent of cells in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes. (lu.se)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Control of S-phase-promoting factor: The S-phase-promoting factor is controlled by regulating cyclins levels, and by inhibitors seen in the other phases, such as G1. (wikipedia.org)
  • and a high concentration of Cdk inhibitors is found during G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • To address the multiple potential pathways of drug resistance in GIST, the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor ripretinib was combined with MEK inhibitors in cell lines and mouse models. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in this website by year, and whether "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
  • During gap 1 (G1), the cell grows in size, while during gap 2 (G2), the cell finishes growing and performs a quick check of the replicated DNA to make sure it was copied correctly. (coursehero.com)
  • It is the period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its normal functions. (careforlifee.com)
  • 1. G1 phase: The cell grows and carries out normal functions. (careforlifee.com)
  • This theory would deal with the way an organism spontaneously grows from a single cell to a complete and complex organism, introducing organization at the different development stages and homeostasis for a mature organism. (nature.com)
  • During G 1 phase the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA. (neetprep.com)
  • In the rare disease tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), aberrant CSF1 expression and production driven by a gene translocation leads to the recruitment and growth of tumors formed by CSF1R-dependent inflammatory cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This phase is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. (careforlifee.com)
  • During this phase, the cell makes sure that its DNA is intact and that the chromosomes are correctly arranged in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • During this phase, the cell's chromosomes are separated into two equal sets, and each set is moved into a separate daughter cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • The cell's chromosomes are duplicated during this phase, but they remain in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • Prometaphase: In this phase, the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers, which will help to pull them apart during division. (careforlifee.com)
  • Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in this phase. (careforlifee.com)
  • The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • They were then stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA intensity as a reference standard for their cell cycle position (G1, S, G2, M). The multispectral data was split into training and testing datasets and models were generated to discriminate between G1, S, and G2 + M phase cells. (edu.au)
  • Thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A ( THSD7A ) was reported to play a procancer role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to explore candidate genes that could have significance to the clinical diagnosis, as well as the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) at the molecular level [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To resolve this uncertainty a novel experimental proto col is proposed able to provide sufficient information about cell kinetics to fully determine both the inter-cellular average and variance of the duration of each of the phases. (hamilton.ie)
  • The duration of each phase, including the G1 phase, is different in many different types of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The temporal organisation of biological systems into phases and subphases is often crucial to their functioning. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we recover the temporal organisation of the cell cycle of budding yeast into phases and subphases, in an automated way. (biorxiv.org)
  • G1 phase and the other subphases of the cell cycle may be affected by limiting growth factors such as nutrient supply, temperature, and room for growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Cell Culture and Synchronization HEK293T T98G and HeLa cells were produced in Dulbecco's altered Eagle's medium with 8% fetal calf serum. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Methods: Cells from the MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, and HeLa cell lines were plated on gridded dishes and imaged using a multispectral fluorescence microscope. (edu.au)
  • Results: Across cancer cell lines accuracy ranged from 68.3% (MIA-PaCa-2) to 73.3% (HeLa) for distinguishing G1 from S and G2 + M, and 69.0% (MIA-PaCa-2) to 78.0% (PANC1) for distinguishing S from G2 + M. Unmixing the multispectral data showed that the autofluorophores NADH, FAD, and PPIX had significant differences between phases. (edu.au)
  • Multispectral analysis of endogenous cell autofluorescence has been shown to be sensitive to changes in cell status and could be applied to the discrimination of cell cycle without these steps.Methods: Cells from the MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, and HeLa cell lines were plated on gridded dishes and imaged using a multispectral fluorescence microscope. (edu.au)
  • This study was designed to show whether ammonia has an effect on the cell - cycle progression in human gastric cells in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • 15 ) suggested that the pVir plasmid is important in vitro for both adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in culture. (cdc.gov)
  • In preclinical studies, vimseltinib durably suppressed CSF1R activity in vitro and in vivo, depleted macrophages and other CSF1R-dependent cells, and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and bone degradation in mouse cancer models. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human fibroblast monocultures were found to be insufficient to fully replicate in vivo fibrosis outcomes suggesting in vitro predictive potential depends upon more advanced cell culture in vitro models. (cdc.gov)
  • A centromere , the point on a chromosome that attaches to the spindle fibers with a kinetochore during cell division, attaches the sister chromatids. (coursehero.com)
  • In untreated control P388 cells, p34cdc2 kinase localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasms, particularly in the centrosomes, and p34cdc2 kinase activity is dependent on cell cycle progression, with the enzyme activity increasing steadily from G1/S to G2/M and markedly declining thereafter. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Like cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells contain one nucleus. (naxlex.com)
  • These cells contain one nucleus, are branched, and are rectangular. (naxlex.com)
  • By targeting only cancer cells in certain phases, we can minimize the side effects of the treatment on normal, healthy cells. (careforlifee.com)
  • They can work throughout a cell's growth cycle, but they are most effective during certain phases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • Various cellular senescence hallmarks (the percentage of X-gal staining cells, the mRNA levels of the p16 and p21 cell cycle regulators, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells) were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Temperature-Induced uncoupling of cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)
  • The length of G1 varies from cell to cell and is determined by the cell's need for growth and development. (careforlifee.com)
  • These medications only work at specific stages in a cell's growth cycle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fitting this model to flow cytometry data from 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling experiments of two different cell lines shows that the mean field predictions mimic closely the measured average kinetics. (hamilton.ie)
  • Lymphocyte cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry. (rupress.org)
  • By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, without regard for the normal cycle. (careforlifee.com)
  • Conclusions: These results demonstrate that multispectral microscopy could be used for the non-destructive, label free discrimination of cell cycle phase in cancer cells. (edu.au)
  • Healthy cells typically rebound from the effects of chemotherapy, but cancer cells usually do not. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But the cell cycle is actually more like a dance, with different phases happening in a specific order so that everything goes smoothly. (careforlifee.com)
  • Different drugs target different phases of growth and have different effects against some cancers . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The system reaches homeostasis, with a depolarized core (proliferative cells) surrounded by a rim of polarized cells (non-proliferative in this condition). (nature.com)
  • Carcinogenesis is introduced through a localized event (a spot of depolarized cells) or by random depolarization of cells in the tissue, which returns cells to their initial proliferative state. (nature.com)
  • Thus, these cells are capable of entering a proliferative state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cell cycle is a series of carefully regulated events, including periods of growth, rest, and cell division. (coursehero.com)
  • The G in the G1 and G2 phases stands for 'gap' or 'growth. (coursehero.com)
  • Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Physiological temperatures are optimal for cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first restriction point is growth-factor dependent and determines whether the cell moves into the G0 phase, while the second checkpoint is nutritionally-dependent and determines whether the cell moves into the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reasons the cell would not move into the S phase include insufficient cell growth, damaged DNA, or other preparations have not been completed. (wikipedia.org)
  • To understand this process, we examined the effects of ammonia on the growth and cell cycle progression of human gastric cancer cell lines (HGC-27, MKN1, MKN45) using flow-cytometric analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • An organism's growth and transformation during its life cycle is a tremendously complex succession of processes and events but even a simplistic and limited theory, dealing with only the general trend and generating a broad vision of tissue organization, can drive specific studies and experiments to further inform this field of research. (nature.com)
  • By comparing FoxA1 binding sites in prostate cancer cell genomes, we defined a codependent set of FoxA1-MYBL2 and FoxA1-CREB1 binding sites within the regulatory regions of the Cyclin E2 and E2F1 genes that are critical for CRPC growth. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Chemotherapy drugs work by disrupting cell growth . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • mTOR also reduces the cell growth factors (eg, vascular endothelial growth factor) involved in new blood vessel development. (medscape.com)
  • Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-dependent macrophages and other inflammatory cells can suppress the adaptive immune system in cancer and contribute to angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This muscle consists of nonstriated muscle cells that are spindle-shaped. (naxlex.com)
  • Genotoxicity was measured in immortalized (BEAS-2B) and primary lung epithelial cells (SAEC) either 24 or 72 hours after exposure using micronuclei assay with pancentromere staining, mitotic spindle analysis, and cell cycle analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • We then studied the effect of Dox on the p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex because it plays a key role in regulating G2/M phase transition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our results caution that this coordination between invasion and cell cycle must be considered when designing effective chemotherapies. (biorxiv.org)
  • We studied the effect of doxorubicin (Dox) on cell cycle progression and its correlation with DNA damage and cytotoxicity in p53-mutant P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Among the tested cell lines, both oxysterols showed the highest cytotoxicity to THP-1, human monocytic leukemia cell line. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Role of WDHD1 in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oncogenesis Identified by Transcriptional Profiling of E7-Expressing Cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • via conversation with Cdt1 in human cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • We studied the cell cycle of lectin-stimulated human lymphocytes, making use of a flow cytometer. (rupress.org)
  • It's how we grow from a single cell into a fully-formed human being. (careforlifee.com)
  • If you are trying to understand human anatomy and physiology, it all begins with understanding the cells that make up the human body. (proprofs.com)
  • 1998. Protection of human upper respiratory tract cell lines against sulphur mustard toxicity by hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). (cdc.gov)
  • This process is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, as it allows cells to differentiate into various types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, each with its own specialized function. (proprofs.com)
  • Existence in multicellular organisms is measured as life cycles-from conception to death. (icr.org)
  • The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor is increasingly recognized as functioning in cell cycle control. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
  • In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), FoxA1 acts as an androgen receptor cofactor to drive G 2 to M-phase cell-cycle transit. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Serum Levels of the Chemokine CXCL13, Genetic Variation in CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk. (medscape.com)
  • With a similar approach, we studied the prediction of other prognostic parameters such as percent cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, histological grade, DNA ploidy status, and progesterone receptor status. (lu.se)
  • abstract = "Background: Cell cycle analysis is important for cancer research. (edu.au)
  • abstract = "The cytotoxic activity of oxysterols, 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), has been evaluated using various leukemia cell lines. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • The restriction point (R) in the G1 phase is different from a checkpoint because it does not determine whether cell conditions are ideal to move on to the next phase, but it changes the course of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • After a vertebrate cell has been in the G1 phase for about three hours, the cell enters a restriction point in which it is decided whether the cell will move forward with the G1 phase or move into the dormant G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some authors will say that the restriction point and the G1/S checkpoint are one and the same, but more recent studies have argued that there are two different points in the G1 phase that check the progression of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5. Cytokinesis: The daughter cells divide into two new cells. (careforlifee.com)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In a cell-free system, Dox did not inhibit p34cdc2 kinase activity, indicating that is has no direct effect on the enzyme function. (aspetjournals.org)
  • CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds such as HT29, HCT116, HCT116(p53-/-), HCT116+chr3, and LoVo were treated with 5-ASA for 2-96 hours. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic damage was due to both clastogenic and aneugenic effects in both cell types. (cdc.gov)
  • The new cells are smaller and not as specialized as the ones they're replacing, but they're able to hold the wound together until the tissue can regenerate. (careforlifee.com)
  • A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function and similar extracellular substances located between the cells. (naxlex.com)
  • This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells' bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. (nature.com)
  • Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where a "helper" molecule assists in the movement of solute across a cell membrane. (proprofs.com)