• The evidence that the tRNA-mediated pathway might be mainly responsible for biosynthesis of isoprenoid cytokinins in Physcomitrella is strongly supported by the recent release of the Physcomitrella genomic sequence where only tRNA-IPTs but no adenylate- IPTs are present. (cas.cz)
  • The biosynthesis can be divided into enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the core structure (XcnAFHIJKL), including the hydroxymalonyl-ACP (XcnBCDE), in proteins involved in an interesting drug activation mechanism (XcnAG) and for a resistance conferring inactivation pathway (XcnMN). (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Also, it requires well-coordinated expression of all genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis pathway for the required cannabinoid and enzyme engineering to use specific starter molecules. (fortunahemp.com)
  • Although a link between the proposed candidate genes and the biosynthesis of DMSP cannot be ruled out, further research is needed to reveal the role of the candidate genes and/or find new candidate genes for the biosynthetic pathway for DMSP in marine algae. (ntnu.no)
  • Such bioactive compounds are found at low concentration in their natural sources, so that dissecting their biosynthetic pathways is of value for their production through heterologous biosynthesis in engineered prokaryotic microbes and fungi, such as E. coli and yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A particular strength of this strategy is that it is always successful: it generates knowledge about the evolution of bioactive-molecule biosynthesis in fungi, it either yields novel molecules or links the studied pathway to already known molecules, and it reveals the chemical diversity within a given pathway, all at once. (knaw.nl)
  • During iron starvation, HapX represses iron-consuming pathways, including heme biosynthesis and respiration, to spare iron and activates synthesis of ribotoxin AspF1 and siderophores, the latter partly by ensuring supply of the precursor, ornithine. (frontiersin.org)
  • While it is clear that chemical oxidation can cleave folates or damage their pterin precursors, very little is known about enzymatic damage to these molecules or about whether the folate biosynthesis pathway responds adaptively to damage to its end-products. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In silico modeling of the folate biosynthesis pathway showed that these observations are consistent with the in vivo cleavage of 5,10-methylene-THF by a side-activity of PanB, with FolK-mediated recycling of the pterin cleavage product, and with regulation of folate biosynthesis by folates or their damage products. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • The Δ4-desaturation pathway for DHA biosynthesis is operative in the human species: differences between normal controls and children with the Zellweger syndrome. (springer.com)
  • Genes coding for defense-related transcription activators, reactive oxygen species metabolism, terpene biosynthesis, and energy conversion pathways were upregulated in inoculated samples of L. dendroidea , indicating an integrated defensive system in seaweeds. (asm.org)
  • RESULTS: Combining in vivo labelling studies, differential expression analysis of transcriptome data and functional characterisation of insect genes in a yeast expression system, we reveal the biosynthetic pathway and identify the desaturase and reductase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of. (lu.se)
  • RESULTS: Combining in vivo labelling studies, differential expression analysis of transcriptome data and functional characterisation of insect genes in a yeast expression system, we reveal the biosynthetic pathway and identify the desaturase and reductase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the main pheromone component (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal, and minor components hexadecanal, (9Z)-hexadecenal and (11Z)-hexadecenal. (lu.se)
  • Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and its end product uridine diphosphate N-acetyl glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) are important regulators of cell signaling that favor tumor promotion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway utilizes up to 2-5% of glucose that enters a non-cancer cell and along with glutamine, acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) are used to produce the amino sugar UDP-GlcNAc [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spliced X-box binding protein 1 couples the unfolded protein response to hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) generates uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine ( UDP -GlcNAc) for glycan synthesis and O-linked GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) protein modifications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we present that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) at least in part rescues cancer cell fate with inactivation of glycolysis. (edu.hk)
  • Some of the currently known plant resources from which researchers can obtain biosynthetic genes include Radula marginata, Rhododendron dauricum, and Cannabis sativa. (fortunahemp.com)
  • The team found out the two genes created a pathway that bypassed the defect, enabling the production of D-Glu. (cropforlife.com)
  • In this thesis, the candidate genes DiDECARB, SAMmt, REDOX and AT were investigated for their role in the DMSP biosynthetic pathway in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. (ntnu.no)
  • Our unbiased and rational strategy generated evolutionary knowledge that ultimately linked biosynthetic genes to naphthalenone polyketides. (knaw.nl)
  • Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. (figshare.com)
  • However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. (figshare.com)
  • Many cellular signaling pathways exhibit a bowtie topology: multiple distinct signal inputs converge on a single master transcription factor, which controls the expression of downstream genes. (harvard.edu)
  • Although fxbA does not share amino acid sequence homology with any of the published sequences for siderophore biosynthetic genes, it does show limited homology with the phosphoribosyl‐glycineamide formyltransferases (GAR enzymes) and methionyl‐tRNA formyltransferase over a limited region of the sequence, suggesting that fxbA may code for an enzyme which adds a formyl group in the synthesis of exochelin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Fiss, EH, Yu, S & Jacobs, WR 1994, ' Identification of genes involved in the sequestration of iron in mycobacteria: the ferric exochelin biosynthetic and uptake pathways ', Molecular Microbiology , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 557-569. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. (asm.org)
  • Multiple biosynthetic pathways such as sterol synthesis were among the top shared processes, where both unique and shared genes constituted leading-edge subsets. (lu.se)
  • This includes the mapping of biosynthetic pathways, characterization of involved enzymes, as well as the genetic basis and the evolutionary forces that shape these systems. (dtu.dk)
  • This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut. (figshare.com)
  • The heterologous expression of the homologue from Aspergillus parvulus linked this pathway to naphthalenone compounds, which were detected in cultures when the pathway was expressed. (knaw.nl)
  • This knowledge allows prioritizing the choice of the pathway to functionally characterize in a second stage using synthetic-biology tools like heterologous expression. (knaw.nl)
  • However, current methods only go as far as the reconstruction of natural biosynthetic pathways in heterologous systems, lacking the effectiveness of natural hosts. (europa.eu)
  • We next demonstrate heterologous production of the corresponding alcohols of the pheromone components, by expressing multiple steps of the biosynthetic pathway in yeast. (lu.se)
  • During this work, xenocoumacin 1 (XCN 1) and 2 (XCN 2), the major antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila and their corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster were identified and studied in detail. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The applied research aims at developing general strategies/tools for implementing and designing synthetic pathways for the production of natural and new-to-nature compounds. (dtu.dk)
  • An omics strategy has been applied to accelerate the progress of pathway dissection for many important bioactive compounds, for example, ginsenoside, vinblastine, artemisinin and cannabinoids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, they confirmed that two otherwise unrelated, bacterially-produced compounds shared an unusual set of steps in their biosynthetic pathways. (illinois.edu)
  • The Biosynthetic Pathway Engineering research group is committed to further our understanding of biosynthetic pathways, and to utilize this knowledge to implement natural biosynthetic pathways and for the design of artificial (synthetic) pathways for the production of small molecules. (dtu.dk)
  • For this reason, it becomes clear that there might not be any biochemical reactions taking place in the molecules' pathway. (articlecity.com)
  • While fungal genomes have revealed an unexpectedly high number of biosynthetic pathways that far exceeds the number of known molecules, accessing and characterizing this hidden diversity remain highly challenging. (knaw.nl)
  • Thanks to the decreasing cost of gene synthesis, ultimately, only the genome sequence is needed to identify novel pathways and characterize the molecules that they produce. (knaw.nl)
  • This process can also elucidate the pathways that produce these molecules and inform strategies for designing microbial strains that produce these molecules at scale. (gfi.org)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • Phytoene synthase (PSY) which converts two molecules of GGPP into phytoene is the first committed step of the pathway. (usda.gov)
  • Five novel xylosides tagged with the fluorescent probe Pacific Blue™ were synthesized and found to act as substrates for β4GalT7, a bottleneck enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways leading to glycosaminoglycans. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, future production platforms are envisioned to mimic the host environment to achieve optimal enzyme function and pathway regulation. (europa.eu)
  • In AAV groups, from the combined limma with GSEA using ClusterProfiler, we found both shared and unique gene sets and pathways for mice with wtHTT overexpression compared to mice with mHTT overexpression. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, mice with targeted overexpression of HTT (wtHTT or mHTT) in the hypothalamus show dysregulation of pathways, of which there are subsets of shared pathways and pathways unique to either wtHTT or mHTT overexpression. (lu.se)
  • Pathways imported into microbial hosts frequently encounter suboptimal catalytic activities, accumulation of labile or toxic intermediates and undesired by-products. (europa.eu)
  • In ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP), deficient ALAD activity leads to a build-up of upstream intermediates in the metabolic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Compared to non-living systems, living organisms have more complex biochemical processes, which can be comprehended by studying the most important metabolic pathways and their control mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • May be a regulatory site in cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. (lu.se)
  • Capitalizing on the existing expertise in reconstruction of carnosic acid in yeast, I applied an interdisciplinary approach that involve metabolic engineering, lipid biochemistry and biophysics to study the role of membrane lipid composition on the CYPs activity and the assembly of the metabolic complex involved in this pathway. (europa.eu)
  • It is our vision to create a series of programmable microbial platforms that allows for the synthesis of any biological relevant carbon skeleton, thereby bypassing the time-consuming task of identifying natural pathways. (dtu.dk)
  • Microbial chemical factories: recent advances in pathway engineering for synthesis of value added chemicals by: Dhamankar, Himanshu Hemant, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • both TtnD and TtnC are encoded within the ttn biosynthetic gene cluster. (nycu.edu.tw)
  • The Pathway Ontology (PW), is currently being developed at the Rat Genome Database. (mcw.edu)
  • The rat genome database pathway portal. (mcw.edu)
  • The strategy is very powerful to avoid studying the same pathway again and can be used with any fungal genome. (knaw.nl)
  • In fungal secondary metabolite systems, we are especially interested in the role of horizontal gene transfer events, the organization of biosynthetic pathways, self-resistance mechanisms and how gene clusters are formed, expand and erode. (dtu.dk)
  • Here, we highlight the ecology of antibiotics employed by microbes in defensive symbioses and review the evolutionary processes underlying the chemical diversity and activity of microbe-derived antibiotics, including the dynamics of vertical and lateral transmission of biosynthetic pathways and the evolution of efficacy, targeting specificity, and toxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, which share a low level (44%) of sequence homology [6], are G protein-coupled receptors that mainly signal via G i /G o proteins, even though they may also activate G s , G q/11 , and G protein-independent signaling pathways [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • The metabolic signatures of CD133-positive subpopulation compared to CD133-negative cells highlighted HBP as one of the distinct metabolic pathways, prompting us to uncover the role of HBP in maintenance of CSC-like phenotype. (edu.hk)
  • Metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome P450 dependent pathways into Synechocystis sp. (ku.dk)
  • The biosynthetic pathway leading to the potent antioxidant carnosic acid involves several successive oxidation events catalyzed by two cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). (europa.eu)
  • The trypanothione pathway combines 2 larizes the immune response towards a Th1 metabolic pathways: the polyamine biosyn- type in susceptible BALB/c mice infected thetic pathway and the glutathione pathway. (who.int)
  • We hope that the pathway will provide new targets for developing medicines and agricultural chemicals against bacteria," says Toru Dairi. (cropforlife.com)
  • A transcriptomic study of sexual maturation in H. discus hannai has uncovered certain pathways related to maturation, with lipid pathways being crucial in this process [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this investigation attention has been concentrated on the biosynthetic pathway of porphyrins in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. (cdc.gov)
  • The determination of the evolutionary relationships of aromatic polyketide pathways resulted in the identification of an uncharacterized biosynthetic pathway that is conserved in distant fungal lineages. (knaw.nl)
  • Our approach is to first determine the evolutionary relationships of fungal biosynthetic pathways in order to identify those that are already characterized and those that show a different evolutionary origin. (knaw.nl)
  • The ability of M. smegmatis mutants to produce mycobactin in the absence of exochelin supports the hypothesis that exochelin is not a precursor of mycobactin and suggests that the siderophores have independent biosynthetic pathways. (elsevierpure.com)