OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
AdamantaneRimantadineInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeViral Matrix ProteinsDrug Resistance, ViralAntiviral AgentsInfluenza, Human
MoleculeName adamantaneSimplestCarbonAcidsSolubleDerivativesRoom temperatureMolecularStructureMelting pointFormDrugsFoundProductionHigher diamondoids from crude oilAttempted to synthesize adamantaneDiamantaneChemistsMoleculesDerivativeAtomsPetroleumSmallestPossessConsistsLaboratoryGramGreekDiamondChemicalApplicationsProduce
Molecule2
  • The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Site-selective fragmentation of the carbon cage of the adamantane molecule is studied using Auger-electron Photoion coincidence spectroscopy, revealing the influence of the core-hole site on the Auger decay and dissociation process. (lu.se)
Name adamantane2
  • This similarity led to the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond). (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, the name adamantane could only ever have been a modern one, as it refers to the structure of this hydrocarbon, which resembles that of diamond, derived from Latin and Greek terms for extremely hard substances. (chemistryworld.com)
Simplest3
  • It is the simplest diamondoid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adrienne Rule is the simplest diamondoid. (blogspot.com)
  • Of itself, adamantane is structurally interesting, as the simplest of the so-called diamondoids - molecules that combine adamantane-like carbon cages - but it is not particularly useful. (chemistryworld.com)
Carbon2
  • The results highlight that the fragmentation of adamantane cation and dication is a complex dynamical process with competing relaxation pathways involving cage opening, hydrogen migration, and carbon-carbon bond breaking. (lu.se)
  • We inoculated into minimal salts media with diamondoid carboxylic acids as sole carbon and energy source two samples: (i) a surface water sample (designated TPW) collected from a test pit from the Mildred Lake Settling Basin and (ii) a water sample (designated 2 m) collected at a water depth of 2 m from a tailings pond. (essex.ac.uk)
Acids3
  • Oil sands process‐affected waters (OSPW) contain persistent, toxic naphthenic acids (NAs), including the abundant yet little‐studied diamondoid carboxylic acids. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, we investigated the aerobic microbial biotransformation of two of the most abundant, chronically toxic and environmentally relevant diamondoid carboxylic acids: adamantane‐1‐carboxylic acid (A1CA) and 3‐ethyl adamantane carboxylic acid (3EA). (essex.ac.uk)
  • In conclusion, we demonstrated the microbial biotransformation of two diamondoid carboxylic acids, which has potential application for their removal and detoxification from vast OSPW that are a major environmental threat. (essex.ac.uk)
Soluble1
  • Although it visually resembles sugar, adamantane doesn't dissolve in water - despite being easily soluble in organic solvents - and has an unusually high melting point for a simple hydrocarbon at 270 °C. (chemistryworld.com)
Derivatives8
  • Adamantane derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials, and thermally stable lubricants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead of adamantane, Meerwein obtained 1,3,5,7-tetracarbomethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione: this compound, later named Meerwein's ester, was used in the synthesis of adamantane and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other researchers attempted to synthesize adamantane using phloroglucinol and derivatives of cyclohexanone, but also failed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The method is used to synthesize certain derivatives of adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Petroleum contains more than thirty derivatives of adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unfortunately, flu strains resistant to adamantane derivatives have become increasingly common. (chemistryworld.com)
  • However, tackling flu - or to be precise, the Influenza A virus - is just the beginning of the medical capability of adamantane derivatives. (chemistryworld.com)
  • The novel structure of adamantane, which is the hallmark of all its derivatives, gives it impressive properties. (chemistryworld.com)
Room temperature2
  • At 270 °C, its melting point is much higher than other hydrocarbons with the same molecular weight, such as camphene (45 °C), limonene (−74 °C), ocimene (50 °C), terpinene (60 °C) or twistane (164 °C), or than a linear C10H22 hydrocarbon decane (−28 °C). However, adamantane slowly sublimes even at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • A colourless crystal at room temperature with a camphor-like smell, adamantane is an alkane with the formula C 10 H 16 , consisting of three linked rings, producing that diamond-like molecular structure. (chemistryworld.com)
Molecular1
  • This thesis investigates X-ray-induced fragmentation of molecular adamantane and CO 2 clusters using synchrotron radiation. (lu.se)
Structure3
  • Because of the (assumed) similarity of its structure to that of diamond, the new compound was named adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
  • A whole string of compounds have been built on the adamantane structure, starting in 1967 with adamantadine - simply adamantane with one hydrogen replaced by ammonia. (chemistryworld.com)
  • This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. (rcchemicallabs.com)
Melting point1
  • Adamantane has an unusually high melting point for a hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
Drugs1
  • It is this same ability that helps adamantane-based drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier to work in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. (chemistryworld.com)
Found1
  • The process was still too complex, and a more convenient method was found in 1957 by Paul von Ragué Schleyer: dicyclopentadiene was first hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. platinum dioxide) to give tricyclodecane and then transformed into adamantane using a Lewis acid (e.g. aluminium chloride) as another catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
  • adamantane, from crude oil and gas condensates and is prepared to scale up production as demand (presumably driven by nanotechnology research) increases. (foresight.org)
Higher diamondoids from crude oil2
  • Only seven years after the first isolation of higher diamondoids from crude oil we conclude that research and development in this field proceeds at an amazing pace. (chemistryviews.org)
  • The ChevronTexaco scientists have refined higher diamondoids from crude oil -- as well as kilogram quantities of the valuable lower diamondoids diamantane and triamantane, which possess two and three crystal lattice cages, respectively. (spacedaily.com)
Attempted to synthesize adamantane1
  • Other researchers attempted to synthesize adamantane using phloroglucinol and derivatives of cyclohexanone, but also failed. (wikipedia.org)
Diamantane1
  • In the last century there has already been a great deal of research work and some relevant applications in the area of adamantane (rarely diamantane or triamantane) but the higher diamondoids were virtually left unexplored. (chemistryviews.org)
Chemists2
  • Adamantane was first isolated from petroleum by the Czech chemists S. Landa, V. Machacek, and M. Mzourek. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemists say the diamondoids, as they are called -- each less than a billionth of billionth of a carat in size -- could find their way into everything from advanced materials and microscopic devices to pharmaceuticals and jet fuel. (spacedaily.com)
Molecules2
  • Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. (wikipedia.org)
  • Put simply, diamondoids are three-dimensionally fused, carbon cage molecules having the structure of a diamond crystal lattice. (aapg.org)
Derivative1
  • After some biochemical experimentation, scientists found an adamantane derivative, called aminoadamantane, could fight viruses, apparently by interfering with the proteins germs use to infect cells. (spacedaily.com)
Atoms5
  • The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Menlo Park, Calif. - Scientists at Stanford University and the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have discovered a way to use diamondoids - the smallest possible bits of diamond - to assemble atoms into the thinnest possible electrical wires, just three atoms wide. (stanford.edu)
  • Each block consists of a diamondoid - the smallest possible bit of diamond - attached to sulfur and copper atoms (yellow and brown spheres). (stanford.edu)
  • The copper and sulfur atoms form a conductive wire in the middle, and the diamondoids form an insulating outer shell. (stanford.edu)
  • By itself, such a cage has atoms of hydrogen attached to its surface and is known as adamantane, from "adamas," the Greek word for diamond. (spacedaily.com)
Petroleum5
  • The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new field of chemistry dedicated to the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Petroleum contains more than thirty derivatives of adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diamondoid was first discovered and isolated from a Czechoslovakian petroleum in 1933. (spacedaily.com)
  • Adamantane was first discovered in 1933 in Czechoslovakian petroleum. (spacedaily.com)
  • Diamondoids occur naturally in petroleum, and they have become an important indicator of oil maturity while helping to identify deeper crude sources, according to Peters. (aapg.org)
Smallest2
  • Diamondoids," also called nanodiamonds, refers to variants of adamantane, the smallest molecular structure recognizable as a diamond. (aapg.org)
  • Adamantane is the smallest pseudo-homolog in the series," Peters said. (aapg.org)
Possess1
  • While other nanoscale diamond materials often have problems with size distributions and purity diamondoids possess well defined structures and are of high purity. (chemistryviews.org)
Consists1
  • This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. (rcchemicallabs.com)
Laboratory1
Gram2
  • Today, adamantane is an affordable chemical compound with a cost of one or two USD per gram. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cost of synthesizing these diamondoids is probably in the tens to hundreds of dollars per gram. (spacedaily.com)
Greek2
Diamond1
  • Because of the (assumed) similarity of its structure to that of diamond, the new compound was named adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical1
  • The selective chemical modification of diamondoids represents a formidable scientific challenge but inherits the potential for many advances and unique applications. (chemistryviews.org)
Applications1
  • Qureshi said his group is beginning a research and development effort with an institute to study pharmaceutical applications for the diamondoids. (spacedaily.com)
Produce1
  • could produce only a few milligrams of adamantane, but noticed its high boiling and melting points. (wikipedia.org)