HypogonadotropicPubertyHypergonadotropic hypogonadismInfertilitySecondaryKallmann2023Central hypogonadismPituitary glandTesticularHormoneDeficiencySyndromeAffectsOccursDysfunctionOvariesGonadsEndocrineDisorderTestesSymptoms and STreatmentCryptorchidismMaleGlandsPubertalOnsetMenopauseMalesBiochemicalTotal-testosterone
Hypogonadotropic32
- Kallman's syndrome (KS) is the most frequent cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and affects approximately one in 10,000 males and one in 50,000 females. (encyclopedia.com)
- Approach to the patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- Digenic mutations account for variable phenotypes in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- Loss-of-function mutation in the prokineticin 2 gene causes Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a female caused by an X-linked recessive mutation in the DAX1 gene. (medscape.com)
- Complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with a novel inactivating mutation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. (medscape.com)
- Characterization of the human nasal embryonic LHRH factor gene, NELF, and a mutation screening among 65 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). (medscape.com)
- Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the master hormone regulating the reproductive axis. (smep.org.mx)
- Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is rare and can either be associated with normal or defective olfactory sensation, classified as normosmic IHH (nIHH) or Kallmann's syndrome (KS), respectively. (researchsquare.com)
- Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a sporadic genetic disorder. (researchsquare.com)
- Classic Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) are rare genetic conditions that encompass the spectrum of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- By definition, either anosmia (lack of sense of smell) or severe hyposmia is present in patients with Kallmann syndrome, in contrast to patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, whose sense of smell is normal. (medscape.com)
- MRI of the brain in patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). (medscape.com)
- Deficient hypothalamic GnRH secretion underlies the markedly abnormal gonadotropin secretion patterns in most patients with Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- Some of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have been identified. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 , 3 ] Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding FGFR1 have also been described in individuals with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal smell sense, and normal MRI of the olfactory system. (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] In addition, mutations of the gene encoding chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 7 ( CHD7 ) have been found in some patients with Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, some of whom have features of the CHARGE syndrome (characterized by delayed growth and development, congenital cardiac defects, dysmorphic ears, hearing loss, coloboma of the eyes). (medscape.com)
- Loss-of-function mutations of critical components of the prokineticin pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- Evidence is mounting that loss of menstrual regularity, especially if related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, is a risk factor for later development of osteoporosis and hip fractures. (medscape.com)
- Secondary hypogonadism is failure of the hypothalamus to produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or of the pituitary gland to produce enough FSH and LH. (msdmanuals.com)
- Objective: To assess olfactory bulbs sizes and define the most common molecular defects in adolescents with congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Materials and Methods: Single-centre comparative study. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- The main group consisted of 21 patients with mean age of 15.9 years (17 boys, 4 girls) with congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH): 13 - with Kallmann syndrome (KS), 8 with normosmic isolated h. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Secondary adrenal insufficiency, secondary hypothyroidism, (adult) growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, and hypoprolactinemia can develop as the neuroendocrine manifestations of ECD. (iasp-pain.org)
- An uncommon juvenile-onset variant that is characterized by severe iron overload, cardiac dysfunction, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and a high mortality rate is usually linked to a variant gene on chromosome 1q designated HJV that produces a protein called hemojuvelin (type 2a) or, rarely, to a variant of the HAMP gene on chromosome 19 that encodes hepcidin (type 2b). (mhmedical.com)
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the cause of which is not present from birth. (nih.gov)
- Treatment of infertility with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: 10-year experience in Auckland, New Zealand. (nih.gov)
- Male acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment. (nih.gov)
- Retrospective study on long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and iron chelation therapy on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in female ß- thalassemia major (β-TM) patients with acquired hypogonadotropic- hypogonadism (AHH). (nih.gov)
- Assessment of glucose homeostasis in young adult female β-thalassemia major patients (β-TM) with acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (AHH) never treated with sex steroids compared to eugonadal β-TM patients with spontaneous menstrual cycles. (nih.gov)
- Testicular findings, endocrine features and therapeutic responses of men with acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (nih.gov)
- Reproductive Phenotypes in Men With Acquired or Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Comparative Study. (nih.gov)
- Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing for Molecular Diagnosis of Kallmann Syndrome and Normosmic Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. (cdc.gov)
Puberty7
- If hypogonadism occurs before puberty , puberty does not progress. (encyclopedia.com)
- If hypogonadism occurs after puberty, infertility and sexual dysfunction result. (encyclopedia.com)
- Hypogonadism most often shows up as an abnormality in boys during puberty. (encyclopedia.com)
- In children with delayed puberty, hypogonadism can be distinguished from constitutional delay through family history, with constitutional delay being closely associated with positive family history. (wikipedia.org)
- A timely diagnosis and treatment to induce puberty can be beneficial for sexual, bone and metabolic health, and might help minimize some of the psychological effects of CHH. (smep.org.mx)
- Just as male and female development diverge during puberty, hypogonadism has different effects on males and females with PWS. (fpwr.org)
- Parents of children with PWS should begin asking doctors about hypogonadism around the normal time of puberty. (fpwr.org)
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism4
- Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. (wikipedia.org)
- Individuals with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism also exhibit gonadotropin levels (FSH and LH) that are above normal range and gonadal hormone levels (estrogen in females and testosterone in males) that are below normal range, so these biochemical parameters will be measured via a blood test. (wikipedia.org)
- The differential diagnosis includes syndromes of low gonadotropin production, usually constitutional delay of growth and maturation associated with chronic disease, but also an array of gene-mediated disorders, and syndromes of primary gonadal dysfunction with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, including Turner and Klinefelter syndromes, and a group of acquired and genetic abnormalities. (nih.gov)
- It presents as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with peripheral amenorrhea. (medicalcriteria.com)
Infertility2
- In women, hypogonadism may cause infertility . (medlineplus.gov)
- His areas of interest include hypogonadism (low testosterone), sexual dysfunction, male infertility, prostate disorders, vasectomy and microsurgical vasectomy reversal. (agemed.org)
Secondary11
- The cause of hypogonadism can be primary (testes or ovaries) or secondary (problem with the pituitary or hypothalamus). (medlineplus.gov)
- It may result from a disorder of the testes (primary hypogonadism) or of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (secondary hypogonadism). (msdmanuals.com)
- In secondary hypogonadism, testosterone levels are low and levels of FSH and LH are low or borderline normal. (msdmanuals.com)
- Any acute systemic illness can cause temporary secondary hypogonadism. (msdmanuals.com)
- Some syndromes of hypogonadism have both primary and secondary causes (mixed hypogonadism). (msdmanuals.com)
- Primary hypogonadism results from pathology within the testis, and secondary hypogonadism occurs due to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (aafp.org)
- Primary and secondary hypogonadism can be subdivided further by congenital and acquired etiologies ( Table 1 ). (aafp.org)
- Treatment of male hypogonadism varies depending on whether the hypogonadism present is primary or secondary. (healthrug.com)
- Male hypogonadism is said to be secondary when it results from defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. (healthrug.com)
- Secondary (central) hypogonadism is when the brain signals have a problem that affects the production of hormones. (fpwr.org)
- Hypogonadism is common in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), affecting at least half the people who have been diagnosed with the genetic disorder, and may be a combination of primary and/or secondary hypogonadism. (fpwr.org)
Kallmann1
- A genetic cause of central hypogonadism is Kallmann syndrome . (medlineplus.gov)
20231
- Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023 Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW, McQuaid KR. (mhmedical.com)
Central hypogonadism2
- New understandings of the genetic basis of isolated idiopathic central hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- In central hypogonadism, the centers in the brain that control the gonads (hypothalamus and pituitary) do not function properly. (medlineplus.gov)
Pituitary gland2
- Any issue with your testicles, hypothalamus or pituitary gland can cause low testosterone (male hypogonadism). (clevelandclinic.org)
- An endocrinological evaluation of the function of the pituitary gland should be performed at the initial diagnosis of ECD. (iasp-pain.org)
Testicular2
- Testosterone deficiency, also known as hypogonadism or testicular hypofunction, is a combined biochemical and clinical syndrome in adult males characterized by low levels of circulating total testosterone that may adversely affect multiple organ systems and quality of life. (health.mil)
- Diagnosis is by testicular examination, sometimes. (msdmanuals.com)
Hormone7
- The most common problems with too little hormone happen during menopause, which is normal hypogonadism. (encyclopedia.com)
- The median time between hormone measurement and COVID-19 diagnosis was seven months. (news-medical.net)
- Diagnosis is confirmed by hormone levels. (msdmanuals.com)
- Primary hypogonadism involves failure of the testes to respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). (msdmanuals.com)
- Since the symptoms of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies tend to be nonspecific, the diagnosis of anterior pituitary hormone dysfunctions can be delayed. (iasp-pain.org)
- Male hypogonadism is the condition in which a man's gonads (testes) no longer produce adequate amounts of testosterone , the primary male sex hormone. (healthrug.com)
- Scientists believe that hypogonadism in PWS is a result of the same hypothalamic dysfunction that causes growth hormone deficiency, hyperphagia, and other issues common in PWS. (fpwr.org)
Deficiency4
- The American Urological Association (AUA) 2018 guidelines for the evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency recommend that clinicians use a total serum testosterone level below 300 ng/dl as a reasonable cutoff in support of the diagnosis of low testosterone. (health.mil)
- 5 Finally, the AUA recommendation for a clinical diagnosis of testosterone deficiency is at least 1 total testosterone level below 300 ng/dl in addition to appropri-ate physical, cognitive, and/or sexual signs and symptoms. (health.mil)
- Hypogonadism is defined as testosterone deficiency with associated symptoms or signs, deficiency of spermatozoa production, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
- Age at onset of testosterone deficiency (congenital, childhood-onset, or adult-onset hypogonadism) dictates the clinical presentation. (msdmanuals.com)
Syndrome7
- In 1887, Langdon Down described the first patient with Prader-Willi syndrome as an adolescent girl with mental impairment, short stature, hypogonadism , and obesity and attributed these symptoms to polysarcia. (medscape.com)
- The most common genetic disorders that cause primary hypogonadism are Turner syndrome (in women) and Klinefelter syndrome (in men). (medlineplus.gov)
- The determination of testosterone in women is helpful in the diagnosis of androgenic syndrome (AGS), polycystic ovaries (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) and when an ovarian tumor, adrenal tumor, adrenal hyperplasia or ovarian insufficiency is suspected. (cdc.gov)
- Testosterone is determined in men when reduced testosterone production is suspected, e.g. in hypogonadism, estrogen therapy, chromosome aberrations (as in the Klinefelter's syndrome) and liver cirrhosis. (cdc.gov)
- Butler MG. Prader-Willi syndrome: Current understanding of cause and diagnosis. (eurekaselect.com)
- The phenomenology and diagnosis of psychiatric illness in people with Prader-Willi syndrome. (eurekaselect.com)
- Hypogonadism is quite common among people with Prader-Willi syndrome, and if it goes untreated, it can cause lasting health problems. (fpwr.org)
Affects1
- Hypogonadism is a common symptom of PWS and affects both boys and girls. (fpwr.org)
Occurs4
- If hypogonadism occurs prenatally (even if incomplete), sexual ambiguity may result. (encyclopedia.com)
- Hypogonadism occurs when the body's sex glands (gonads) produce little or no hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
- Menopause is a form of hypogonadism that occurs naturally. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is estimated that hypogonadism occurs in about 50% of people with PWS, but data has been difficult to obtain, and the true incidence may be higher , according to a review published in 2021. (fpwr.org)
Dysfunction1
- The diagnosis of hypogonadism, which is characterized by low testosterone levels and can lead to sexual dysfunction, decreased bone and muscle strength, and lower fertility, relies on accurate hormonal measurements. (medscape.com)
Ovaries2
- In primary hypogonadism, the ovaries or testes themselves do not function properly. (medlineplus.gov)
- When someone has hypogonadism, the signals are not sent, or the ovaries or testes are not able to respond to them. (fpwr.org)
Gonads1
- When someone has hypogonadism, the sex glands (gonads) do not adequately produce sex hormones. (fpwr.org)
Endocrine1
- Well-defined reference ranges are at the heart of clinical practice and, without them, clinicians can make erroneous diagnoses that could lead to patients receiving costly, lifelong treatments that they don't need or deny treatments to those who need them," said Dr Bhasin said in an Endocrine Society press release. (medscape.com)
Disorder2
- Women with hypogonadism who have low sex drive, specifically diagnosed as Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), may also be prescribed low-dose testosterone. (medlineplus.gov)
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), provides criteria for the diagnosis of tobacco use disorder, which falls under the category of substance-related and addictive disorders. (medicalcriteria.com)
Testes1
- When the testes fail to produce an adequate level of endogenous testosterone, men develop hypogonadism. (aafp.org)
Symptoms and S1
- Symptoms and signs of male hypogonadism are numerous and vary with age. (healthrug.com)
Treatment11
- This Consensus Statement summarizes approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of CHH and discusses important unanswered questions in the field. (smep.org.mx)
- TTh patients were included if they had been receiving the treatment for a minimum of six months before COVID-19 diagnosis. (news-medical.net)
- [1] Consensus development conference: diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. (bmj.com)
- The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. (ucsfhealth.org)
- A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. (ucsfhealth.org)
- Dr. Morgentaler lectures nationally and internationally to teach physicians the latest information in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting men's sexual and reproductive health. (agemed.org)
- This report will describe an accurate diagnosis with determination of specific genetic subtypes, appropriate medical management and best practice treatment approaches. (eurekaselect.com)
- Methods and Results: An extensive literature review was undertaken related to genetics, clinical findings and laboratory testing, clinical and behavioral assessments and summary of updated health-related information addressing the importance of early PWS diagnosis and treatment. (eurekaselect.com)
- It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. (embl.de)
- The second video covers more details on hypogonadism in the PWS population and explores treatment options. (fpwr.org)
- Of 518 MDR TB patients alive at diagnosis, 63% were reported as completing treatment within 24 months, and 8% died before treatment completion (CDC, unpublished data, 2021). (cdc.gov)
Cryptorchidism1
- Some syndromes of hypogonadism (eg, cryptorchidism, some systemic disorders) affect spermatozoon production more than testosterone levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Male10
- Is male hypogonadism a risk factor for hospitalization for COVID-19? (news-medical.net)
- In a recent study published in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Network Open , researchers found an association between male hypogonadism and hospitalization risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (news-medical.net)
- In the present study, researchers investigated the association of male hypogonadism with COVID-19 hospitalization risk. (news-medical.net)
- Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) is a condition in which your testicles don't produce enough testosterone. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Who does low testosterone (male hypogonadism) affect? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Male hypogonadism is a medical condition that can affect people with testicles at any age from birth through adulthood. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Congenital hypogonadism of 1st-trimester onset results in inadequate male sexual differentiation. (msdmanuals.com)
- Low levels of testosterone (known as low T, or hypogonadism) is a male problem. (everydayhealth.com)
- Male hypogonadism is defined as primary when it results from a defect or problem located in the testicles. (healthrug.com)
- A study that included a cohort of 57 Dutch men with PWS found that untreated male hypogonadism can make a number of health issues worse for people with PWS: muscle weakness, obesity, osteoporosis, and fatigue. (fpwr.org)
Glands1
- Primary hypogonadism is when the sex glands slow or stop producing hormones. (fpwr.org)
Pubertal1
- A diagnosis can be made from the following: Family history including age, healthy pubertal development of family members, and possibility of genetic disease will be evaluated. (wikipedia.org)
Onset1
- Congenital hypogonadism may be of 1st-, 2nd-, or 3rd-trimester onset. (msdmanuals.com)
Menopause1
- Menopause is the most common reason for hypogonadism. (medlineplus.gov)
Males2
- Therefore, advanced age and comorbidities, the known risk factors for COVID-19-induced hospitalization, are linked to hypogonadism, raising speculations that hypogonadism is also a risk factor for COVID-19-associated hospitalization among males. (news-medical.net)
- After adjusting for differences, males with hypogonadism were 2.4-fold more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 than those with eugonadism. (news-medical.net)
Biochemical1
- Covering many clinical areas, this book pays particular attention to the diagnosis and management of hypogonadism, discussing current guidelines, biochemical assessment, new options in testosterone replacement therapy and long-term monitoring of treated men. (karger.com)
Total-testosterone3
- Another recent study has suggested that measuring free testosterone alongside total testosterone may offer a more accurate picture when diagnosing hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
- As reported by Medscape Medical News , analysis of 3000 men in eight European countries indicated that men with normal total testosterone but low free testosterone levels had more signs and symptoms of hypogonadism than those with low total-testosterone levels only. (medscape.com)
- 5 An additional recommendation was that the laboratory diagnosis of low testosterone should be made only after 2 total testosterone level measurements below 300 ng/dl on serum specimens taken on separate occa-sions. (health.mil)