• ALOXE3's primary function in epidermal tissue appears to be to metabolize the 9R-HpODE moiety that is not free but rather esterified to certain ceramide lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Taken together, QHD may exert beneficial effects by regulating the gut microbiota and thus intervening in serum lipids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bile acids are derived from cholesterol and serve an important role in emulsifying and digesting lipids. (metabolon.es)
  • Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sebaceous products ought to be differentiated from skin surface lipids, and the two nomenclatures may not interchangeably be used since skin surface lipids are derived from two major sources, sebaceous glands which produces sebum, an oily substance, and makes up to 90% of skin surface lipids, and epidermal keratinocytes which give rise to epidermal, stratum corneum, lipids with equal amounts of ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids. (hippocratesusa.com)
  • A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. (lookformedical.com)
  • Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (lookformedical.com)
  • The fatty acids compositions of total lipids and phospholipids in the adzuki beans were compared among the five cultivars (data not shown). (healthjade.com)
  • Adzuki beans has good amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids which consisted mainly of linoleic (18:2n-6) acid, followed by α-linolenic (18:3n-3) and oleic (18:1n-9) acids, representing 70.6-73.8 wt-% and 69.9-72.6 wt-% for total lipids and phospholipids, respectively. (healthjade.com)
  • The situation is further complicated by the fact that carbon from linoleic acid goes into the synthesis of other lipids - including cholesterol and palmitate. (blogspot.com)
  • Elevated triglycerides are determined based upon serum laboratory values being greater than 149 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • Very high levels of triglycerides are defined by serum levels of 500 mg/dL or greater and can be concerning for development of pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Initial digestion of dietary triglycerides takes place with pancreatic lipase, which hydrolyzes one fatty acid chain at a time to form 2 free fatty acid (FFA) chains and one 2-monoglyceride (2MG) compound per each triglyceride. (medscape.com)
  • Very high levels of triglycerides are defined by serum levels of 500mg/dL or greater and can be concerning for development of pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • 2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
  • It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, there is a lack of understanding of associative and causative relationships between host metabolism and immune regulation in transition dairy cows that experience elevated lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects of dietary cholesterol and fatty acids on plasma cholesterol level and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism sets out what I think might be the "design flaw" in hepatic cholesterol regulation. (blogspot.com)
  • Bouic 2001 In the 1950s, it was noted that these sterols lower serum cholesterol concentrations by reducing the absorption of cholesterol from the gut. (drugs.com)
  • This reduced absorption lowers serum cholesterol concentrations despite the compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis that occurs in the liver and other tissues. (drugs.com)
  • FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk) provided definitive evidence of the outcomes benefits of lowering plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) beyond current goals. (eas-society.org)
  • Dallas, TX 75231 Farnesoid X receptor activation increases reverse cholesterol transport by modulating bile acid composition and cholesterol absorption in mice. (skanestugan.se)
  • stream Reductions in the expression levels of these receptors resulted in decreased cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL.163 Further, consistent with other studies,165-169 it was found that diabetes mellitus enhanced both atherosclerosis progression and impaired regression and that global deletion of RAGE overcame these defects by restoration of ABCA1 and ABCG1, promoting macrophage CEC despite ongoing hyperglycemia.163,170. (skanestugan.se)
  • Het consumeren van producten die ten minste 3,6 gram oplosbare vezels bevatten, inclusief bètaglucanen, per dag kan het risico op hart- en vaatziekten verminderen wanneer ze worden geconsumeerd als onderdeel van een dieet met weinig verzadigd vet en cholesterol. (sohf.nl)
  • De Amerikaanse Food and Drug Administration (FDA) staat toe dat voedselproducten die ten minste 750 mg bètaglucanen per portie bevatten, worden geëtiketteerd met een gezondheidsclaim waarin staat dat het risico op coronaire hartziekte (CHZ) kan verminderen wanneer het wordt geconsumeerd als onderdeel van een dieet met weinig verzadigd vet en cholesterol. (sohf.nl)
  • 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 In 1993 keurde de FDA een gezondheidsclaim goed waarin stond dat het consumeren van producten die ten minste 3 gram bètaglucanen per dag bevatten, als onderdeel van een dieet met weinig verzadigd vet en cholesterol, het risico op hart- en vaatziekten kan verminderen. (sohf.nl)
  • 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32 Meta-analyses van beschikbaar klinisch onderzoek naar van haver afgeleide bètaglucanen tonen aan dat inname van ten minste 3 gram per dag het LDL-cholesterol verlaagt met ongeveer 4 - 10 mg/dL en het totale cholesterol met 4 - 12 mg/dL, maar geen invloed heeft op hoge dichtheid lipoproteïne (HDL) cholesterol- of triglycerideniveaus in vergelijking met controlediëten. (sohf.nl)
  • The diagnosis of MetS was based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and Harmonized definition 2009. (researcher.life)
  • Reduced cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDLs is likely to increase cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the lipid profile differs in well-controlled T1D patients, who have normal or slightly decreased serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels [ 5 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the focus on saturated fat and serum cholesterol that is 100% deluded. (blogspot.com)
  • There is a discrepancy in the regulation of HMG-CoA - reductase and LDL receptor activities in liver from animals fed cholesterol with linoleic acid. (blogspot.com)
  • Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was lower in the general population with metabolic syndrome (MetS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the insulin resistance syndrome) which is a strong risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and CHD. (cambridge.org)
  • Metabolic effects of diuretic and beta-blocker treatment of hypertension in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (nhri.edu.tw)
  • Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is estimated to be 70% among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (researcher.life)
  • Association between metabolic components and liver enzymes was established by crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis.Results: Overall, the prevalence of elevated enzyme levels was 58.9% for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 42.2% for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and 59.4% for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). (researcher.life)
  • Linoleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in the skin epidermis, being present mainly esterified to the omega-hydroxyl residue of amide-linked omega-hydroxylated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in a unique class of ceramides termed esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine (EOS). (wikipedia.org)
  • An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. (lookformedical.com)
  • Among the peripheral signals that are generated to regulate the uptake of food, signals from adipose tissue are of major relevance and involve the maintenance of energy homeostasis through processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and oxidation of fatty acids. (wjgnet.com)
  • Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
  • Lipins also act in the nucleus as transcriptional co-activators with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α to regulate target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
  • PGC-1α and PPARα are both master regulators of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively [reviewed in 6]. (aocs.org)
  • The functions of the lipins in co-regulating the effects of PGC-1α and PPARα and also acting as a PAP demonstrate the unique abilities of lipins to regulate both glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
  • Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • The low total lipid contents of adzuki beans is similar to other foods - cereals as rice and rye, and legumes as bean, chick-pea and beans, that have less than 2% of fat, but with the advantage that the fat of the adzuki bean possesses a healthy Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-6/omega-3 which are essential fatty acids for human nutrition. (healthjade.com)
  • Tocopherols are lipophilic in nature and are found in association with lipoproteins, fat deposits and cellular membranes and protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids from peroxidation reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peroxidized linoleic acid induced nitric oxide synthase-1 and COX-2 in Kupffer cells and mixed non-parenchymal cells through activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway. (blogspot.com)
  • The Bile Acids Targeted Panel measures all the major human and rodent primary and secondary bile acids as well as their glycine and taurine conjugates. (metabolon.es)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The results of metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolome analysis together revealed that secondary bile acid (SBA) biosynthesis was significantly activated in the cows with excessive lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
  • Replication studies identify several genetic variants in Arabs with obesity-linked diabetes. (who.int)
  • For example, variants of the ADIPOQ gene (the rs266729 single-nucleotide polymorphism) are associated with obesity and diabetes in various Arab countries. (who.int)
  • Gaps exist in our information about diabetes and obesity in Arabpopulations in relation to ethnic-specific cut-off points for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. (who.int)
  • Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have been found to be closely associated with the incidence of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • We have honed our expertise in applications of metabolomics through more than 10,000 studies, covering a comprehensive range of areas from cell biology discovery research to diabetes , obesity, cardiovascular disease , cancer , neuroscience , plant biology , microbiome , and many more. (metabolon.es)
  • Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
  • Apart from CVD, hyperlipidemia is also closely associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When all three criteria were entered for multivariate risk analysis, only the NCEP ATP III (+) was found to be associated independently with raised all three liver enzymes.Conclusion: Central obesity and MetS following NCEPATP III criteria were independently associated with elevated ALT, AST and GGT in our diabetic population. (researcher.life)
  • Branched chain amino acids play a large role in building muscle tissue and participate in increasing protein synthesis. (metabolon.es)
  • A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. (lookformedical.com)
  • C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Finerenone protects against progression of kidney and cardiovascular damage in a model of type 1 diabetes through modulation of proinflammatory and osteogenic factors. (met-vasc.com)
  • The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) finerenone (FIN) improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). (met-vasc.com)
  • Accordingly, this hypothesis predicts that optimization of n-3 fatty acid status and associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular integrity prior to onset will be an efficacious preventive strategy for both MDD and CHD. (hindawi.com)
  • Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an excess risk of death from cardiovascular causes, depending on multiple factors such as age, diabetes duration and nephropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. (preprints.org)
  • Amino acids (AA) are the foundational building blocks for peptides and proteins. (metabolon.es)
  • ALOX12B metabolizes the LA in EOS to its 9R-hydroperoxy derivative which ALOXE3 then converts to three ceramide-esterified products: a) 9R,10R-trans-epoxide,13R-hydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid, b) 9-keto-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, and c) 9R,10R-trans-epoxy-13-keto-11E-octadecenoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of an integrated analysis showed that the reduction of plasma glycolithocholic acid and taurolithocholic acid could contribute to the immunosuppression of monocytes (CD14 + MON) during excessive lipolysis by decreasing the expression of GPBAR1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its secretion is species specific, hormonally controlled, genetically influenced and affected by limitation of supply of fatty acids precursors, which also make up the smell of each individual species. (hippocratesusa.com)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, studies on gut microbiota and serum lipidomics based on 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were conducted to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of NAFLD in QHD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most significant forms of chronic liver disease worldwide, is characterized by hepatic steatosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
  • Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Indian Asians in high-income countries is not well studied, but appears to be different from that for Western populatio. (researcher.life)
  • Hypertriglyceridemia is indicative of insulin resistance when present with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while elevated triglyceride is a clinical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when low HDL is present. (medscape.com)
  • Insuf﫿cient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. (deepdyve.com)
  • It is created via a multi-step process involving the break-down of fatty acids into acetyl CoA, conversion to acetoacetate and reduction to β-hydroxybutyrate in the liver. (metabolon.es)
  • The unsaturated chain of tocotrienol allows an efficient penetration into tissues that have saturated fatty layers such as the brain and liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The normalization of fat content in the heart and liver indicate potential benefits to overall heart function and an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which can be impaired in cases of fatty liver disease. (healthyfellow.com)
  • T2DM and MetS are associated with abnormal liver enzyme levels, which can be the result of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or acute liver failure. (researcher.life)
  • Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a group of common metabolites with a potential of universal infochemicals dedicated to transferring of information between higher organisms and bacteria either from microbiome or external environment. (preprints.org)
  • Here evidence implicating omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency in the pathoaetiology of CHD and MDD is reviewed, and the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for CHD comorbidity in MDD patients is evaluated. (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a risk factor for CHD morbidity and mortality in MDD, it is important to consider that the age at onset for unipolar and bipolar depression peaks in young adulthood (15-19 years) [ 24 , 25 ], whereas CHD mortality peaks substantially later (75-84 years) [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In order to test the hypothesis that peroxidized fatty acids, generated by heating of standard cooking oils, trigger hepatic inflammation, Boehm et al. (blogspot.com)
  • The present invention relates to novel alkoxy propionic acid and their pharmaceutical accetable salts having use as antidiabetic,hypolipidemic,antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic compounds. (allindianpatents.com)
  • In relation to papers published by J. E. McFarlane, we assess the effects of formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric acids on spatial preference of common stored food grain products, and poultry industry pest - lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). (preprints.org)
  • Salts and esters of the 16-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--palmitic acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure. (lookformedical.com)
  • While the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. (preprints.org)
  • Among adults with diabetes who had kidney function perceived to be normal, a marker for early diabetic kidney disease was more commonly seen in Asian adults than in white, Black, or Latino adults, a new Kaiser Permanente study found. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Outcomes including lipid lowering, LDL-C goal attainment and safety (non-lipid serum biochemistry), were compared between diabetic versus non-diabetic patients and subgroups prescribed different EZE + SIM doses. (researcher.life)
  • Maintaining an optimal balance of amino acids is vital to maintaining a stable equilibrium of physiological processes. (metabolon.es)
  • Results: Among 157 EZE + SIM users, more than half had diabetes (64.3%) and/or hypertension (52%) and 24.1% had coronary artery di. (researcher.life)
  • It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This body of evidence provides strong support for future studies to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary n-3 fatty acid status on CHD comorbidity and mortality in MDD patients. (hindawi.com)
  • As background, mammals are incapable of synthesizing n-3 fatty acids de novo and are therefore entirely dependent on dietary sources to procure and maintain adequate concentrations in peripheral and central phospholipid membranes. (hindawi.com)
  • Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Levels greater than 149 mg/dL constitute hypertriglyceridemia, and severity of TG is further classified by serum values falling within classification value ranges. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes are two prevalent situations in all ages, geographic regions and socioeconomic levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • p = 0.007) were negatively correlated with fasting serum log-NT-proBNP levels among the elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.001) were the independent predictor of fasting serum log-NT-proBNP levels in elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is no study about the association between serum NT-proBNP levels and MetS in elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The VeraSTAT-V measures levels of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), the fastest blood marker to rise in response to inflammation, quickly and accurately. (randox.com)
  • Ninety participants with heart disease and/or arthritis (osteo or rheumatoid) with elevated CRP (C-reactive protein) levels were provided with KO or a placebo for a 30 day period. (healthyfellow.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le monde arabe connait une épidémie d'obésité et de diabète de type 2. (who.int)
  • Les données relatives à l'augmentation de la prévalence de l'obésité et du diabète de type 2 chez les enfants appartenant à un groupe ethnique arabe sont alarmantes. (who.int)
  • Asian adults develop Type 2 diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • A third study, also in Malaysia, used human subjects with type 2 diabetes. (vitanetonline.com)
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 88 cm (F) was only independently associated with all three elevated liver enzymes, odds ratio (OR) = 4.172 for ALT, OR = 2.795 for AST and OR = 0.245 for GGT. (researcher.life)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MetS and fasting serum NT-proBNP concentration in elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MetS and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • acts as an anti-inflammatory and contains a proprietary blend of esterified oils. (theoriginalhomozon.com)
  • A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. (lookformedical.com)
  • Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. (lookformedical.com)
  • While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. (preprints.org)
  • Among these, 41 studies were ex- in the release of higher amounts of fatty challenge to Arab governments due to cluded because the samples were not acids into the circulation. (who.int)
  • Taking large amounts of niacin (A form of vitamin b3), such as 2 to 3 grams per day, may impair glucose tolerance and should be used by people with diabetes only with medical supervision. (foodpharmacy.blog)
  • In 2013, the American Heart Association reported that proportions of American adults aged 20 or above had abnormal blood lipid serum profile (details are shown in Table 1 ) [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)