DexmedetomidineMedetomidineAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAnesthetics, DissociativeHypnotics and SedativesConscious SedationImidazolesAdjuvants, AnesthesiaAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2MidazolamAnalgesicsPreanesthetic MedicationPropofolDeep SedationShiveringClonidineFentanylAdrenergic alpha-AntagonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugAnestheticsHemodynamicsIdazoxanAirway ExtubationImidazoline ReceptorsInfusions, IntravenousAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsAnesthetics, CombinedAnesthesia, IntravenousAnesthetics, IntravenousAlfentanilAdjuvants, PharmaceuticInjections, SpinalDouble-Blind MethodConsciousness MonitorsXylazineThiopentalDioxanesPsychomotor AgitationAnesthesia Recovery PeriodAnalgesiaAnesthesia, GeneralHeart RateAnesthetics, InhalationAnalgesics, OpioidDrug InteractionsPremedicationSympatholyticsIsofluraneExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsRats, Sprague-DawleyPain, PostoperativeLocus CoeruleusPain MeasurementRespirationDeliriumHalothane