• Integrin costimulatory signals modulate inflammatory gene expression, but the important control points between these pathways remain unresolved. (escholarship.org)
  • Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These Wnts were chosen since previous studies suggest that C57mg cells respond differently to these Wnts, and since these Wnts can activate different signaling pathways in other systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnt ligands are secreted glycoproteins that function in intracellular signaling pathways to regulate a variety of developmental processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell polarity, and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vertebrate Wnts signal through frizzled receptors that in some experimental contexts (e.g., without co-expressing LRP5/6) preferentially activate the Wnt/beta-catenin or Wnt/Ca 2+ pathways [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many signal transduction pathways are composed of modules that are remarkably conserved across species, such that lessons from different experimental model organisms have contributed to the understanding of molecular hierarchies that control signal communication in many cellular contexts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first step in the Wnt signal occurs when extracellular Wnt ligand binds Frizzled receptors on the cell surface, leading to the activation of several distinct transduction pathways (see Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intracellular protein Dishevelled is common to both canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, raising the question of how this mysterious protein acts at the signal crossroads. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnt signals via canonical and non-canonical pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The roles of the other proteins in the two pathways, and of the Dsh motifs, are discussed in the text. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins), a group of proteins that harbor an arginine/serine (RS) domain either at their N' or C' terminus, play crucial roles in a plethora of biological processes such as cell cycle and signaling, developmental pathways, DNA replication and repair, transcription and mRNA splicing. (biologists.com)
  • The current work elegantly reports a novel role of SRPKs in metazoan developmental pathways revealing a novel SRPK-RNF12-REX1 signaling axis in neurodevelopmental pathways (fig.c). (biologists.com)
  • Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)
  • This situation has arisen because of the fact that the signal transduction pathways and genes that have been defined in model developmental systems have now been shown to regulate many aspects of biology,including those that directly impinge on the issues of human health. (silverchair.com)
  • In this review, we address the intertwined relationship of these two key molecules by fighting each other as eternal rivals in many signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • YAP1 is a component in the hippo signaling pathway which regulates organ size, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the biochemical level, YAP is part of and regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway where a kinase cascade results in its "inactivation", along with that of TAZ. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
  • SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following the first member of the Wnt family identified over the last four decades ( 25 ), several recent studies have focused on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( 26 , 27 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The Wnt signal transduction pathway is important in a wide variety of developmental processes as well as in the genesis of human cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnts in this class have been shown to signal in a non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway (Wnt-5a, -4, -11). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Figure 2: Retrograde signalling via the JUN kinase pathway after an axonal lesion. (nature.com)
  • Discussion at the Vancouver meeting spanned several areas of research, including signaling pathway activation of EMT and the transcription factors and gene targets involved. (rupress.org)
  • ERK5 Signalling and Resistance to ERK1/2 Pathway Therapeutics: The Path Less Travelled? (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Now, in Journal of Biology [ 1 ], Sergei Sokol and colleagues show that the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein of the Wnt signaling pathway can shuttle in and out of the nucleus (see 'The bottom line' box for a summary of the work and 'Background' for further explanations and definitions). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies of the Wnt pathway provide a wonderful example of how researchers from different fields have contributed to a detailed understanding of a key signal transduction pathway [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Wnt signaling machinery is tightly regulated, and disruption of components of the signaling pathway have been implicated in diseases including cancer [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Frizzled receptors can also initiate an independent ' non-canonical ' Wnt pathway that diverges to regulate complex developmental events involved in planar cell polarity and convergent extension movements during embryo development, via small GTPases and the JNK kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, scientists found that Tcf7l1 expression was controlled by extracellular IGF signaling, and they demonstrated for the first time that IGF signaling stimulated Tcf7l1 phosphorylation and degradation through the MEK/ERK pathway. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • Specialized ependyma of the circumventricular organs and choroid plexus cells are additional highly specialized ependymal cells that ultimately derive from this developmental pathway. (medscape.com)
  • These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the subcellular localization of HOXA7 changed from nuclear to cytoplasmic during follicular maturation [13] predominantly. (cancerhugs.com)
  • The two most important issues are proper subcellular traffic and targeting to the PM, and regulated endocytosis in response to physiological, developmental, or stress signals. (uoa.gr)
  • These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • But it is becoming increasingly clear that protein subcellular localization can be extremely dynamic, allowing key proteins to play different roles in different compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the controversy about Dicer's subcellular localisation, it is essential to address this issue. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Additionally, the higher ECM stiffness phenotype commonly seen in tumors due to enhanced integrin signaling could flatten the cell and nucleus, once again causing higher YAP nuclear localization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurons require specialized mechanisms of motor-facilitated signal transport for communication along long axonal distances to the cell body and the nucleus. (nature.com)
  • thus, long-distance retrograde signalling from axonal lesion sites to the soma and nucleus is required. (nature.com)
  • We show that ICK1/KRP1 exerts its function in the nucleus and its presence in the nucleus is controlled by multiple nuclear localization signals as well as by nuclear export. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • such studies have defined the molecules that ensure signals initiated at the cell surface are efficiently transmitted to the cell nucleus, where they often result in the induction of a specific gene-expression program. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • FAK signaling facilitated TNF-α-induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and, surprisingly, FAK inhibition resulted in the loss of the GATA4 transcription factor required for TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 production. (escholarship.org)
  • Our results showed the roles of PpHDZs on root formation, which is helpful to better understand the classification and function of peach HD-Zip genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PURPOSE: Nonmuscle myosin II complexes are master regulators of actin dynamics that play essential roles during embryogenesis with vertebrates possessing 3 nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain genes, MYH9, MYH10, and MYH14. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression patterns of bZIP genes in leaves differed among developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • olycomb group proteins are subunits of PcG complex 1 and 2 and other complexes and regulate the transcription of developmental regulators, which include Hox genes. (gabasignaling.com)
  • This predicts how such genes generate "useful" developmental changes relevant to sowing time relative to the seasonal growth one can expect in the Spring. (findaphd.com)
  • We identified three undifferentiated SG subsets at postnatal day 7, each of which expresses distinct genes, including transcription factor and signaling genes. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, nuclear Dicer fosters termination of RNAPII transcription [ 11 ] and alternative polyadenylation at a subset of protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Structure-function analysis of the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein in frog embryos has defined sequences that regulate Dsh nuclear localization, which proves critical for Wnt signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antagonistic roles of ubiquitin ligase HEI10 and SUMO ligase RNF212 regulate meiotic recombination. (middlebury.edu)
  • Eukaryotic 5'-3' mRNA decay plays important roles during development and in response to stress, regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. (uoa.gr)
  • Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to the cis -elements in its 3′UTR and trans -acting factor Staufen, posterior localization of oskar mRNA requires deposition of exon junction complex (EJC) in its first exon through splicing ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Consistent with this finding, core components of EJC (eIF4AIII, Barentsz, Tsunagi, and Mago nashi) are critical for oskar mRNA localization ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2001 , 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular link between splicing and mRNA localization/local translation has also been demonstrated in mammalian neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • A series of studies imply nuclear localisation of mammalian Dicer and association with chromatin. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Methylations on nucleosomal histones play fundamental roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. (bvsalud.org)
  • Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. (embl.de)
  • Wnt signaling regulates cell proliferation, cell polarity and cell-fate determination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • PAK1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and crucially involved in neuronal migration and brain developmental processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The bZIP gene family has important roles in various biological processes, including development and stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Ovarian follicular maturation represents one of the most complex and clinically important developmental processes during the reproductive life of women. (cancerhugs.com)
  • In some processes, chromatin modifications carry heritable regulatory information that is transmitted from mother to daughter cells, whereas in other cases, they are implicated in the execution of the information contained in the DNA sequence, or occur as a consequence of dynamic nuclear processes such as transcription. (plos.org)
  • We will not judge the use of the term epigenetic in different situations, but will rather attempt to clarify the roles of chromatin-based modifications in the different processes. (plos.org)
  • Maps also chart the connectivity between these molecules, elucidating the circuits and signaling processes that give rise to function. (stanford.edu)
  • JUN amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) and associated scaffolding and activator molecules participate in retrograde injury signalling. (nature.com)
  • Importins associated with dynein are an important component of retrograde injury signalling complexes and enable transport of direct importin cargoes, such as transcription factors, as well as secondary cargoes that bind scaffolding molecules associated with importins. (nature.com)
  • Local translation of axonally localized mRNAs is required for retrograde injury signalling, enabling recruitment of key molecules such as importin β1 to the complex. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. (elifesciences.org)
  • Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, phosphorylation of all four serines - harbored in the nuclear localization signal - supports RNF12 nuclear retention in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (biologists.com)
  • They also demonstrate that the same SRPK3 mutations dampen RNF12 phosphorylation reiterating SRPK-RNF12 signaling anomalies in intellectual disability disorders. (biologists.com)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are key regulators of inflammatory and integrin-matrix signaling, respectively. (escholarship.org)
  • Here, we show that overexpression of dcap-1 in neurons of worms is sufficient to increase lifespan through the function of the insulin/IGF-like signaling and its effector DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. (uoa.gr)
  • Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • In animals, CDK inhibitors are tightly regulated, especially by posttranslational mechanisms of which control of nuclear access and regulation of protein turnover are particularly important. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • A feasible function for EGF and EGFR signaling at choose phases of follicle maturation continues to be previously proposed and it is backed by many observations of the consequences of EGF on steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and cumulus enlargement [17,18]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • The field of developmental biology has expanded in recent years to cover a huge range of topics and ideologies, a journey that has taken it into the central well-spring of modern biological science. (silverchair.com)
  • Rather, the issues that so beguiled pioneering developmental biologists have now become crucial to the understanding of such disparate fields as cancer biology, cloning and stem cell totipotency. (silverchair.com)
  • This new `broad church' of developmental biologists was certainly in evidence at this year's Spring meeting of the British Society for Developmental Biology (BSDB), at the University of Warwick, UK. (silverchair.com)
  • This emphasis almost certainly reflects the fact that one of the major recent advances of modern developmental biology has been the elucidation of many of the inductive cues that pattern plants and animals. (silverchair.com)
  • These studies reveal new developmental and anti-inflammatory roles for kinase-inhibited FAK in limiting VCAM-1 production via nuclear localization and promotion of GATA4 turnover. (escholarship.org)
  • MYH10 knockout cells showed defects in primary ciliogenesis and reduced ciliary length with impaired Hedgehog signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: These data presented a novel genetic cause of isolated and syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders related to heterozygous variants in the MYH10 gene with implications for disrupted primary cilia length control and altered Hedgehog signaling in disease pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results indicated that elevated Par3 expression induces cortical localization of the Par-complex at the interphase. (elifesciences.org)
  • During growth, development and disease, extracellular signals are communicated, or transduced, into the cell and in such a way as to elicit a particular cellular response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the EGF-induced KGN proliferation was abrogated, and the activation of downstream signaling was diminished when HOXA7 was knocked down. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Additionally, gene expression data from RNF12-REX1 double knockouts reveal REX1 as a key downstream substrate of the SRPK-RNF12 axis to control the neuro-developmental gene expression program. (biologists.com)
  • Investigators have now turned their attention to the events downstream of these initial signals and how they are integrated to co-ordinate growth, pattern and cell fate. (silverchair.com)
  • These mechanical factors have also been linked to certain cancer cells via nuclear softening and higher ECM stiffnesses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under this framework, the nuclear softening phenotype of cancer cells would promote nuclear flattening in response to a force, causing YAP localization, which could explain its over-expression and promoted proliferation in oncogenic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growth in cereals is tempered by the difference between day and night temperatures, and seasonal drivers of developmental transitions. (findaphd.com)
  • Our genetic analysis in two model-organisms suggests a critical and conserved function of DCAP-1/DCP1 in developmental events and lifespan modulation. (uoa.gr)
  • Supporting differences in Wnt signaling, gain of function of Wnt-1 in C57mg mouse mammary epithelial cells leads to their morphological transformation while loss of function of Wnt-5a leads to the same transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data indicate evolutionary conservation of nuclear Dicer localisation and function in mammals in response to DNA damage. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A notable feature of Dnmt1 is the existence of gamete-specific isoforms, a finding that points to unique developmental roles, distinct from those of the ubiquitous somatic isoform. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A single migratory somatic cell termed the distal tip cell (DTC),which is positioned at the tip of each arm, acts as a specialised signalling centre to control the development and the shape of the gonad through a series of inductive events. (silverchair.com)
  • In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the nuclear translocation of Sp1 using both in vivo and in vitro models of RIF. (ijbs.com)
  • Moreover, we found that NCTD alleviated RIF by inhibiting Gm26669 and the nuclear translocation of Sp1. (ijbs.com)
  • Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays important roles in development and inflammation. (escholarship.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
  • Recent reports based on proteomic studies have identified many SUMOylated substrates that play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • Important recent specific progress was brought to my attention by Dr. Victoria Lunyak , a lab director at the Buck Institute who presented on her recent work at the Cell signaling, inflammation and aging symposium in Las Vegas last week, where I was also a presenter. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Likewise, the opposite effect of nuclear stiffening as a result of a variety of stimuli such as an over-expression of lamin A, has been shown to decrease nuclear YAP localization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of PxEcRB were consistently higher than that of PxEcRA across each and every developmental stage, while the pattern of PxUSP expression is more or less ubiquitous. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More recently, two studies point toward Dicer-dependent nuclear RNAi in mammals by demonstrating that nuclear, chromatin-associated Dicer impairs expression of the microtubule-binding protein Doublecortin in mouse adult neural stem cells [ 14 ] and transactivation of the human secreted frizzled-related protein 1 promoter in cholangiocarcinoma cells [ 15 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular roles for these domains in Scmh1, how ever, remain insufciently understood. (gabasignaling.com)
  • These mechanically induced localization phenomena are thought to be the result of nuclear flattening induced pore size change, mechanosensitive nuclear membrane ion channels, mechanical protein stability, or a variety of other factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The C terminal putative nuclear localization signal domain acts also as an interaction do primary for geminin. (gabasignaling.com)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, bZIP52 in rice is a negative regulator in cold signaling [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequelae of the primary imprint, however, are manifested at various developmental stages, and depend not just on the presence of this initial gametic "mark", but also on the postzygotic interpretation of such primary imprints, into the form of stable epigenetic differences between the two alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • YAP/TAZ have also been shown to act as stiffness sensors, regulating mechanotransduction independently of the Hippo signalling cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this signaling cascade, TAO kinases phosphorylate Ste20-like kinases, MST1/2, at their activation loops (Thr183 for MST1 and Thr180 for MST2). (wikipedia.org)
  • NA has central roles in metal nutrition and metal homeostasis of flowering plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • As JNK signalling can have effects that range from neurite growth promotion to cell death induction, multiple regulatory mechanisms are required to ensure specificity of the signal. (nature.com)
  • In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)
  • We show that nuclear targeting is regulated by environmental signals and that KGDH is enriched at thousands of loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. (bvsalud.org)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The 3-day meeting held in April was divided into five, loosely themed, sessions with topics ranging from embryonic inductive mechanisms to developmental models of human disease. (silverchair.com)
  • This differential localization indicated that HOXA7 underwent cell type- and stage-specific adjustments during ovarian folliculogenesis, which most likely led to the rules of granulosa cell proliferation. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs play critical roles in RIF [ 14 , 15 ]. (ijbs.com)