Developmental longitudinal studies. Medical search. Frequent questions

Individuals differed widely in development, and six clearly distinguishable developmental trajectories were identified. (jyu.fi)
The current study utilizes longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to describe the developmental trajectories of regions associated with risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors, namely, the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). (karger.com)
Structural trajectories of gray matter volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer in 33 participants aged 7-30 years, each of whom had at least three high-quality MRI scans spanning three developmental periods: late childhood, adolescence and early adulthood (total 152 scans). (karger.com)
We then related individual developmental trajectories to retrospectively assessed self-reported risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors during adolescence in a subsample of 24 participants. (karger.com)
Does attention constrain developmental trajectories in fragile x syndrome? (ox.ac.uk)
Basic attentional processes and their impact on developmental trajectories in fragile X syndrome were assessed in a 3-year prospective study. (ox.ac.uk)
The institute focuses on bringing together fundamental and applied sport research in Groningen and developing education/study trajectories within sport. (rug.nl)
To educate DBP fellows in research, evaluation, and information dissemination skills related to evidence-based practice and research developments in the field, in order to optimize the life course trajectories of children with developmental-behavioral problems and their families through collaborations with the Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Net, Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute (SC CTSI), CA Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC), and the Autism Treatment Network (ATN). (chla.org)

In January 2013, we launched the Helsinki Longitudinal SLI study (HelSLI) at the Helsinki University Hospital ( http://tiny.cc/HelSLI ). (biomedcentral.com)

One study compared the clinical findings in individuals with DS and dementia with those with dementia and intellectual disabilities. (medscape.com)
Fellows will learn clinical skills in a variety of settings including the hospital's outpatient clinics, the Child Development Center, Institute for the Developing Mind, and the University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities. (chla.org)
The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to describe the county-level prevalence of disabilities among US adults and identify geographic clusters of counties with a higher or lower prevalence of disabilities. (cdc.gov)
Presentations also examined causal associations between enteric or parasitic infections and long-term developmental disabilities, as well as links between infectious agents and epilepsy. (cdc.gov)

In a synthesis of 22 studies of psychopathology among Chinese only children, Falbo and her colleague Sophia Hooper reported that only children felt more pressure and dealt with higher expectations from their parents than their peers with siblings. (wikipedia.org)
Niarchou M. Zammit S. Lewis G. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort as a resource for studying psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: a summary of findings for depression and psychosis . (bristol.ac.uk)
The emergence of developmental psychopathology. (springer.com)
A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. (springer.com)
Our 1+3 students often undertake the MSc in Developmental Psychology & Psychopathology (DEV-PP) for 1 year before commencing their PhD project. (kcl.ac.uk)

Falbo is a Fellow of APA Division 9, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, and APA Division 35, Society for the Psychology of Women. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, we try to explain why psychology had to abandon an individual, causal method and switch to studying whether associations among variables at the group level differ from chance. (bi.no)
Interestingly, the most famous longitudinal study that has ever been conducted in education or psychology focused specifically on gifted and talented children. (davidsongifted.org)
British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 409-424. (sfu.ca)
Students are taught by world-leading experts and receive training across multiple research fields: molecular & behavioural genetics, twin modelling, statistical genetics, epigenetics, bioinformatics, social and cognitive psychology, and developmental psychiatry. (kcl.ac.uk)
PhD students are integrated with our collaborative, interdisciplinary teams that span research in the Social, Genetic and Developmental areas across Psychology and Psychiatry. (kcl.ac.uk)
In the research project Well-being in the School Environment (WiSE), we are studying different aspects of mental health, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, among students at school as well as implementing and evaluating different positive psychology interventions (PPIs). (lu.se)

Applied Developmental Science, 2 (3), 138-159. (springer.com)
Applied Developmental Science, 22 , 74-88. (uni-potsdam.de)

Longitudinal studies from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood suggest that socioemotional development is uniquely vulnerable to ID and IDA, perhaps being associated with shared neural pathways, and the effects of early iron deficiencies may be irreversible. (nih.gov)

U.S. fourth graders ranked 9th and eighth graders ranked 11th in the 2019 Trends in International Math and Science Study (TIMSS) 1 , while 15-year-old students ranked 18th in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2 . (biorxiv.org)

The NSPN 2400 Cohort: a developmental sample supporting the Wellcome Trust NeuroScience in Psychiatry Network. (lu.se)

Following the multiple deficit model of developmental disorders, we investigate the DLD phenomenon at the etiological, neural, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial levels, in a longitudinal study of preschool children. (biomedcentral.com)
Developmental studies have reported behavioral evidence showing that EF changes significantly during preschool years. (frontiersin.org)
The Trondheim Early Secure Study (TESS)-a study of mental health, psychosocial development and health behaviour from preschool to adolescence. (lu.se)

The SGDP Centre leads the twin studies of TEDS and E-Risk which have rich longitudinal data through development, from childhood to adulthood. (kcl.ac.uk)

Falbo and her colleague Denise Polit conducted a series of meta-analyses of over 100 studies of only children that considered developmental outcomes in adjustment, character, sociability, achievement, and intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
Few studies have considered the comprehensive impact of environmental exposures on the thyroid function and reproductive health outcomes of mothers and their offspring, and none take a longitudinal life course approach. (bristol.ac.uk)
There are strikingly few studies of other BOCs and POCs and reproductive outcomes, considering how many of these compounds are prevalent and that their potential effects and comorbidities may be severe with impacts across the life span. (cdc.gov)
Data from the ACE study has also provided evidence for a dose-dependent relationship between exposure to childhood abuse and poor adulthood mental health outcomes (Edwards, Holden, Felitti & Anda, 2003). (madinamerica.com)
More recently, a longitudinal study in New Zealand showed similar relationships between childhood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes, psychological well-being and socio-economic status (Fergusson, McLeod & Horwood, 2013). (madinamerica.com)

By investigating the effect of normal thyroid function variation during the life span on timing of maturation, we can enhance our understanding regarding the role of thyroid function in translating early life environmental exposures into differential developmental tempos. (bristol.ac.uk)

Our study of 6,200 high school teachers in 1998 and 2018 documented striking success in retooling classrooms for labbased instruction in biotechnology and provided a pre-COVID-19 snapshot of what is right with American biology education. (biorxiv.org)

Substance use by pregnant women has both medical and developmental consequences for the newborn, in addition to the legal, health, and economic consequences for the mother. (medscape.com)

The developmental mismatch hypothesis proposes that, in humans, subcortical structures involved in processing affect and reward develop earlier than cortical structures involved in cognitive control, and that this mismatch in maturational timing is most exaggerated during adolescence [ 1,2,3 ]. (karger.com)

The sample consisted of 511 males and 647 females who were participants in the Australian Temperament Project, a population based longitudinal study that has followed young people's psychosocial adjustment from infancy to early adulthood. (springer.com)

This study explored how the Big Five personality traits, as well as measures of personality disorders, are related to two different measures of conspiracy theories (CTs)The two measures correlated r = .58 and were applied to examine generalisability of findings. (bi.no)
Research has consistently shown significant prefrontal activation during tasks in typically developed children, but this activation may be abnormal in children with developmental disorders. (frontiersin.org)
We investigate the social, genetic and developmental contributions to psychiatric disorders and typical behaviour, using tools such as twin studies, molecular (epi)genetics, neuroimaging, EEG, virtual reality and activity tracking through wearable devices. (kcl.ac.uk)
We use genetic tools to identify the genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders, and run the GLAD study, investigating the genetic links to anxiety and depression. (kcl.ac.uk)
It may allow us to identify new kinds of language disorders and will clarify the relationships between language impairment and other developmental disorders. (brookes.ac.uk)
Studies show that developmental language disorders run in families - a brother or sister of someone who has already been diagnosed will have an increased risk of developing the disorder themselves. (brookes.ac.uk)
developmental language disorders are genetic and is therefore caused (at least in part) by the genes passed on from parents to children. (brookes.ac.uk)

Background Developmental language disorder (DLD, also called specific language impairment, SLI) is a common developmental disorder comprising the largest disability group in pre-school-aged children. (jyu.fi)
Developmental language disorder (DLD, previously called specific language impairment, SLI) is a common developmental disorder comprising the largest disability group in pre-school-aged children. (biomedcentral.com)

A longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. (bmj.com)
Participants were drawn from the Medical Research Council's national survey of health and development, a birth cohort study stratified by social class and initially consisting of 5362 people selected from all births that occurred in England, Scotland, and Wales during one week in March 1946. (bmj.com)

The two measures followed similar developmental pathways. (lu.se)
For half of the learners, the development was linear, and for the other half it was mostly linear from the first to the third measurement point, with the exception of one learner who displayed more non-linear and irregular developmental pathways. (lu.se)

Cross-sectional studies can be done more quickly than longitudinal studies. (github.io)
That's why researchers might start with a cross-sectional study to first establish whether there are links or associations between certain variables. (github.io)
Cross-sequential designs combine aspects of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. (github.io)
A limit to this new area of research is that it is mainly based on cross-sectional designs that preclude analysis of developmental relations and limit the understanding of the mechanisms underlying age-related changes. (frontiersin.org)
Chaturvedi N. Callaway M. Day C. Sattar N. Fraser A. The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with central and peripheral blood pressure in adolescence: findings from a cross-sectional study . (bristol.ac.uk)
METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 4733 veterans and nonveterans aged 18 years and older. (cdc.gov)

The Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (DBP) Fellowship is a three-year ACGME accredited academic training program funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau DBP Training Program Grant. (chla.org)
Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics is a unique subspecialty of Pediatrics that focuses on the child's strengths and challenges within the context of the family using a transactional biopsychosocial perspective. (chla.org)
The fellow will be well prepared for the Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics board examination. (chla.org)

The current study examined child and adolescent precursors of positive functioning in emerging adulthood, including individual characteristics, relationship factors, and connections to the community, using a multidimensional positive development measure at 19-20 years. (springer.com)

This pattern of development did not directly relate to self-reported behaviors at an individual level in our sample, highlighting the need for prospective studies combining anatomical and behavioral measures. (karger.com)
The overriding goal is to train the next generation of DBP leaders to improve the developmental-behavioral pediatric system of care for a culturally and linguistically diverse population through clinical care, research, teaching and advocacy. (chla.org)
To train DBP fellows through an ACGME accredited program in the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of DBP to provide clinical leadership in evidence-based, biopsychosocial care by delivering culturally competent and family centered services in interdisciplinary environments for children with developmental-behavioral problems and their families, especially in Southern California. (chla.org)
Finally, the fellow will acquire administrative experience in developing and running projects in the Developmental-Behavioral program. (chla.org)
To provide medical students, pediatric residents and providers from pediatric primary care and other relevant disciplines with the knowledge and skills to promote systems-change, improve access to care and enhance the quality of life for children with developmental-behavioral problems, especially in Southern California. (chla.org)

Recent years have seen a massive expansion in the developmental scope of this research field, with interesting new findings showing that ToM continues to develop during and even beyond the school years (Miller, 2012) and that there is a decline associated with normal aging (Henry, Philips, Ruffman, & Bailey, 2013). (frontiersin.org)
One of Terman's most interesting findings, which he published in the very first volume, was that the children in his study, who were all of IQ 135 or above, came from a very wide range of social classes. (davidsongifted.org)
Findings from the Munich Longitudinal Study (pp. 173-197). (sfu.ca)
Findings from the Munich Longitudinal Study (pp. 38-54). (sfu.ca)
Results: This chapter provides an overview of human BOC and POC research methods, issues, and findings pertaining to women's reproductive and offspring's developmental effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
The findings of this study shed light on the development of ICC in EFL learning and authentic intercultural contexts, offering lecturers and curriculum designers reference points for constructing criteria and syllabi for intercultural English teaching. (immi.se)

For example, a recent study of adolescents in reform school found that poorer verbal skills were associated with elevated levels of later criminal behavior [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The population-based longitudinal German COPSY study monitors changes in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups. (ssrn.com)
I have conducted follow-up studies of mathematical learning difficulties and their consequences on later educational pathway among both children and adolescents. (helsinki.fi)

In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. (ed.gov)

We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ~20, ~56, and ~62 years. (ed.gov)
The efficacy of pharmacological treatments in the general population has not been studied well, and we know little about the long-term benefits of such treatments from childhood into adulthood. (cdc.gov)

Ethics Approval Statement: The COPSY study was approved by the Local Psychological Ethics Committee (LPEK-0151) and the Commissioner for Data Protection of the University of Hamburg. (ssrn.com)
Longitudinal studies are a type of correlational research in which researchers observe and collect data on a number of variables without trying to influence those variables. (github.io)
The proposed study will collect interview data from special guardians on family relationships both for them and the children in their care. (bbk.ac.uk)
This Tips for Parents article is from a seminar hosted by Miraca Gross, who provides new data on very early developmental advancement and the influence of sound educational planning and decision-making by families. (davidsongifted.org)
Terman, of course, died more than 40 years ago but the study is still ongoing - the surviving subjects are in their 90's - and data are still being collected by (now) the third generation of researchers. (davidsongifted.org)
Data are from the Connecticut Study of Epilepsy, a prospective, longitudinal study of 613 children with newly diagnosed epilepsy recruited in 1993-1997. (nih.gov)
Mixed-Effects Shape Models for Estimating Longitudinal Changes in Anatomy, In Spatio-temporal Image Analysis for Longitudinal and Time-Series Image Data , Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7570, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 76--87. (utah.edu)
We demonstrate the bene ts of our method on a synthetic example of longitudinal tori and data from a developmental neuroimaging study. (utah.edu)
In the Cycle III Extended Data Tape (EDT), provision has been made for the user to identify sample persons examined in both surveys and to create from the Cycle II Integrated Data Tape (IDT) and the Cycle III EDT a composite data set for longitudinal studies. (cdc.gov)
The study used Medicare claims data linked to two different surveys - the National Health Interview Survey and the Health and Retirement Study (Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan) to describe the relationship between insurance status before age 65 and the use of Medicare-covered services beginning at age 65. (cdc.gov)

Developmental Influences on Adult Intelligence. (bvsalud.org)

Auditory brainstem measures and genotyping boost the prediction of literacy: A longitudinal study on early markers of dyslexia. (mpg.de)

Hypotheses with close to 100 percent semantic truth value will never be part of any assumed empirical study. (bi.no)
Controller-free hand tracking for grab-and-place tasks in immersive virtual reality: Design elements and their empirical study. (mpg.de)
An empirical study of the effects of intercultural contact on Chinese college students' intercultural competence. (immi.se)

The etiology of ADHD is unknown and risk factors, aside from genetic predispositions, are under-studied, especially at the population level. (cdc.gov)

The first goal was to follow and describe the development of several prelinguistic communication skills during the first two years of life (Studies I and II). (jyu.fi)
The second goal was to examine the predictive relations between this development and language ability and difficulties, as well as memory, up to school age (Studies I, II, and III). (jyu.fi)
Falbo began studying the development of only children in the 1970s. (wikipedia.org)
This article examines the association of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with children's development and behavior, with the goal of providing recommendations to prevent the developmental loss associated with these conditions. (nih.gov)
However, the longitudinal associations of ERSs on psychopathological manifestations during development remain unclear, especially considering their reciprocal influences over time. (nyu.edu)
Addressing these gaps, the studies presented here examined the role that social conversations on mental states have: a) in the development of ToM in middle childhood and b) in the improvement of older adults' ToM. (frontiersin.org)
In an effort to delineate the issues in the epidemiologic research of ADHD, the Division of Birth Defects, Child Development, and Disability and Health (proposed)/NCEH hosted a one-day meeting with two researchers in the epidemiologic study of ADHD and the NCEH ADHD work group which is comprised of DDB staff. (cdc.gov)
This article responds to recent calls for a focus on successful development in young people and examination of its developmental precursors, in order to identify potentially modifiable targets for interventions. (springer.com)
The two reported studies investigated the psychometric properties of this instrument and addressed the development of primary-school experimentation. (sfu.ca)
2008) and Spoelman and Verspoor (2010) refer to as a `competitive relationship' between noun phrase complexity and sentence complexity (e.g. subordination), seems more likely, and would be interesting to further examine in a multidimensional complexity study in order to account for all aspects of the development of complexity. (lu.se)

Besides age, other studies have also shown some clinical differences that might be unique to persons with DS. (medscape.com)
Clinical studies have found that continuous infusions of fentanyl and morphine produce a high rate of opioid withdrawal when administered to critically ill infants. (medscape.com)

The role of emotionality and regulation in children's social functioning: A longitudinal study. (springer.com)

The most prominent feature of developmental risk was the accumulation of early difficulties, especially if symbolic and social abilities were included. (jyu.fi)
Recommendations to reduce the developmental loss associated with ID and IDA are to reduce the incidence of these conditions by efforts to prevent premature birth, delay cord clamping, ensure adequate maternal iron status, provide iron-rich complementary foods, and ensure access to postnatal interventions that promote responsive mother-infant interaction patterns and early learning opportunities for infants. (nih.gov)
DS was recognized as a unique form of developmental disability in 1866 by Dr. John Landon Down, and early aging was already identified by 1876. (medscape.com)
One early such population based study found that verbal reasoning scores at age 11 increased with increasing birth weight. (bmj.com)
Developmental encephalopathic epilepsies (DEEs) are characterized by refractory seizures, disability, and early death. (nih.gov)
In Active Early Numeracy -project I work as a doctoral researcher and am responsible for the longitudinal part of the study. (helsinki.fi)
ABSTRACT This cohort study investigated the effect of early life nutrition on later performance in developmental milestones and cognitive tests. (who.int)
The chain of path coefficients from breastfeeding to developmental milestones at early ages, to cognitive scores at ages 8-15 years, to reading tests at age 26 years and to memory and visual tests at age 43 years were significant in females but not in males. (who.int)

A longitudinal qualitative design was adopted due to the dynamic and temporal nature of resilience. (humankinetics.com)

Differential risk profiles for reactive and proactive aggression: A longitudinal latent profile analysis. (uni-potsdam.de)

There have been few longitudinal population-based studies, and, particularly in the U.S., there is a strong inverse relationship between the adequacy of the sample and the adequacy of the measures. (cdc.gov)
The Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC) study on perinatal depression in a population-based Swedish cohort. (lu.se)

We will study 227 children aged 3-6 years with suspected DLD and their 160 typically developing peers. (biomedcentral.com)

Conclusions: Evidence of adverse female reproductive and developmental effects is mounting for some BOCs and POCs but is sparse for many others. (cdc.gov)

We investigate this problem through a mixture of research questions and by studying individuals, families and populations. (brookes.ac.uk)
A fourth measure that measure the mean length of morphemes per noun phrase (MLNPm) was added to the study to investigate if such a measure could present a different picture than mean length of words per noun phrase (MLNP). (lu.se)

In a longitudinal study, researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time. (github.io)
Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
This study provides theoretical and empirical evidence to help researchers understand intercultural contact as a way to develop the ICC of EFL undergraduates in China. (immi.se)

Imaging in Developmental Biology: A Laboratory Manual, a new volume in Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Imaging series, presents a comprehensive set of essential visualization methods. (cshlpress.com)

Scientific reasoning: Developmental and individual differences. (sfu.ca)

In many cases, developmental language difficulties are suggested to be caused by genetic factors [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The genetic and neurobiological studies cited above suggest that DLD has a biological basis. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, although conclusions from research studies may be interchangeable, AD in persons with DS should be considered different from AD without DS. (medscape.com)
Research design: Three studies collectiv. (researchgate.net)

The third goal evaluated the feasibility of parental screening in identifying children at risk for language and communication difficulties (Studies I, II, and III). (jyu.fi)
Approximately 7% of the population is expected to have developmental language difficulties. (biomedcentral.com)
Although DLD is diagnosed most often in childhood, the associated difficulties are not restricted to this developmental period. (biomedcentral.com)

What types of epidemiologic study designs are recommended considering the limitations in previous ADHD risk factor studies? (cdc.gov)

To cope with this risk caused by a developmental challenge, it is vital to understand better the interactions between harmful and protective factors that affect the developmental manifestation of DLD. (biomedcentral.com)
This study permits both within-subject and between-subject comparisons among relatively low-risk non-users and users before, during and after quitting regular marijuana use. (cmaj.ca)
This review adopted the term 'Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)' to align with current literature and addressed two aims: to identify any novel longitudinal risk factors since the previ. (researchgate.net)

This design is when multiple age groups or cohorts are studied over time. (github.io)
The most desirable procedure would involve a longitudinal, prospective design in which cognitive measures were available for all non-using and using subjects before and after marijuana consumption had been initiated by the users. (cmaj.ca)

We draw on the conservation of resources theory to examine how upward and horizontal career transitions contribute to both objective and subjective career success among a longitudinal sample, covering the first 10 to 15 years of their career. (bi.no)

Motivation for the study: Workplaces are changing with employees increasingly working remotely and flexibly, which has created larger physical distance between team members. (researchgate.net)

Collectively, the stressors identified in these studies have been associated with competitive performance, the sport organization within which athletes operate, and personal "nonsporting" life events ( Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014 ). (humankinetics.com)

Taken together, it appears that the developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation is present in neurotypically developing individuals. (karger.com)

New imaging technologies have revolutionized the study of developmental biology. (cshlpress.com)
Imaging has become a required methodology for developmental biologists, and Imaging in Developmental Biology: A Laboratory Manual provides the detailed explanations and instructions for mastering these necessary techniques. (cshlpress.com)

However, in this study, tests for dementia given to persons older than 30 years showed some performance decline from 40 to 45 years. (medscape.com)
These tuition fees may be subject to additional increases in subsequent years of study, in line with King's terms and conditions. (kcl.ac.uk)
200 million children under the age of 5 years did not achieve their developmental potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as a result of nutritional deficiencies and insufficient learning opportunities (7-9). (who.int)

Anatomy3

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment61

Psychiatry and Psychology89

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena32

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities1

Information Science11

Named Groups18

Health Care75

Geographicals22

Trajectories8

Helsinki longitudinal SLI1

Disabilities5

Psychopathology5

Psychology7

Applied Developmental Science2

Adolescence and early adulthood1

20191

Neuroscience1

Preschool3

Childhood to adulthood1

Outcomes5

Exposures1

20181

Medical and developmental1

Humans1

Infancy1

Disorders7

Language disorder2

Birth cohort2

Pathways2

Cross-sectional6

Pediatrics3

Adolescent1

Behavioral5

Findings6

Adolescents3

Cognitive ability1

Adulthood2

Data10

Intelligence1

Dyslexia1

Empirical study3

Etiology1

Development10

Clinical2

Children's1

Early8

Qualitative1

Differential1

Population-based2

Children aged1

Reproductive1

Investigate2

Researchers3

Methods1

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES1

Genetic2

Research2

Difficulties3

ADHD1

Risk3

Design2

Examine1

Motivation1

Life1

Structural1

Biology2

Years3