We performed a multicenter evaluation of a robust and easily performed dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Acquired immunode3
The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
Among immunodeficient individuals, toxoplasmosis most often occurs in those with defects of T-cell-mediated immunity, such as those with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow and solid organ transplants, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ).In most immunocompetent individuals, primary or chronic (latent) T gondii infection is asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
CDC recommends that all states and territories conduct case surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as an extension of current acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance activities. (cdc.gov)
Centers2
Reported by: Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors and AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control* The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (ASTPHLD) and CDC have collaborated in preparing this report. (cdc.gov)
with the assistance of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and the United States Agency for International Development, Department of State. (who.int)
Including clinical1
These tests have been used for various purposes, including clinical diagnosis of HIV-1 infection--for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in counseling and testing programs--for seroprevalence surveys, and for blood-donor screening. (cdc.gov)
Infection9
Although the precise pathogenesis for these tumors remains unclear, infection with HHV-8 precedes their development. (hiv.gov)
15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
The expansion of national surveillance to include both HIV infection and AIDS cases is a necessary response to the impact of advances in antiretroviral therapy, the implementation of new HIV treatment guidelines, and the increased need for epidemiologic data regarding persons at all stages of HIV disease. (cdc.gov)
This report includes a revised case definition for HIV infection in adults and children, recommended program practices, and performance and security standards for conducting HIV/AIDS surveillance by local, state, and territorial health departments. (cdc.gov)
AIDS surveillance has been the cornerstone of national efforts to monitor the spread of HIV infection in the United States and to target HIV-prevention programs and health-care services. (cdc.gov)
Although AIDS is the end-stage of the natural history of HIV infection, in the past, monitoring AIDS-defining conditions provided population-based data that reflected changes in the incidence of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
These advances in treatment have diminished the ability of AIDS surveillance data to represent trends in the incidence of HIV infection or the impact of the epidemic on the health-care system. (cdc.gov)
In response to these changes and following consultations with multiple and diverse constituencies (including representatives of public health, government, and community organizations), CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have recommended that all states and territories include surveillance for HIV infection as an extension of their AIDS surveillance activities (1,4). (cdc.gov)
In this manner, the HIV/AIDS epidemic can be tracked more accurately and appropriate information about HIV infection and AIDS can be made available to policymakers. (cdc.gov)
Titre3
Such surveys are sometimes performed by random, anonymous sampling from samples taken for other medical tests or to assess the prevalence of antibodies of a specific organism or protective titre of antibodies in a population. (wikipedia.org)
Serological surveys are usually used to quantify the proportion of people or animals in a population positive for a specific antibody or the titre or concentrations of an antibody. (wikipedia.org)
Many investigators have failed to correlate antibody titre with the clinical picture or the development of immunity. (ivoryresearch.com)
Patients2
In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients. (scielo.br)
The overall prevalence of KS in the U.S. was as high as 30% among patients with AIDS prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). (hiv.gov)
National1
BACKGROUND: Following implementation in 2009-2010 to the oral health component for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a full-mouth periodontal examination was continued during 2011-2014. (cdc.gov)
Population1
amongst whom were Neil Ferguson and Jeremy Farrar, stated that serological surveys are often used by epidemiologists to determine the prevalence of a disease in a population. (wikipedia.org)
Programs1
CDC will provide technical assistance to all state and territorial health departments to continue or establish HIV and AIDS case surveillance systems and to evaluate the performance of their surveillance programs. (cdc.gov)
Primary1
HHV-8 is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) including classic, endemic, transplant-related, and AIDS-related, as well as rare neoplastic disorders (primary effusion lymphoma [PEL] and solid organ variants) and the lymphoproliferative disorder known as multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). (hiv.gov)
Individuals1
From this group, 387 individuals underwent a repeat examination conducted by the survey reference examiner. (cdc.gov)
Persons1
However, recent advances in HIV treatment have slowed the progression of HIV disease for infected persons on treatment and contributed to a decline in AIDS incidence. (cdc.gov)
Infections8
The prevalence of opportunistic infections as WHO's AIDS defining illnesses was investigated microbiologically in 2199 HIV positive Nigerians using urine, stool, sputa and nasopharyngeal secretions. (ispub.com)
Opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS are the infections, which become clinically apparent due to the weakened immune system of the patient, otherwise they would be unapparent. (ispub.com)
Opportunistic infections are so prominent in AIDS that they are often the definitive illnesses in both adult and paediatric AIDS. (ispub.com)
1991). Among all HIV/AIDS associated infections or diseases, tuberculosis stands prominent as cutting across geographical boundaries. (ispub.com)
The CDC outlined certain opportunistic infections in the United States and categorized them as AIDS related-complex (ARC), a categorization connoting them as indicators of damaged immune system (CDC, 1995a). (ispub.com)
[ 3 ] C jejuni infections also may produce serious bacteremic conditions in individuals with AIDS . (medscape.com)
the high prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infections in humans necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine that will need to induce vigorous t-cell responses to control the viral infection and transmission. (liverpool.ac.uk)
in 1983, in san francisco, calif., usa, cancer epidemics were related to infections by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) known as aids disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Counseling1
These tests have been used for various purposes, including clinical diagnosis of HIV-1 infection--for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in counseling and testing programs--for seroprevalence surveys, and for blood-donor screening. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence3
amongst whom were Neil Ferguson and Jeremy Farrar, stated that serological surveys are often used by epidemiologists to determine the prevalence of a disease in a population. (wikipedia.org)
Such surveys are sometimes performed by random, anonymous sampling from samples taken for other medical tests or to assess the prevalence of antibodies of a specific organism or protective titre of antibodies in a population. (wikipedia.org)
hsv-1/hsv-2 infection-related cancers in bantu populations driving hiv-1 prevalence in africa: tracking the origin of aids at the onset of the 20th century. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Diagnosis2
The survey was done using SurveyMonkey and covered diagnosis/treatment, both allopathic and self-help, physical and psychological impact and disclosure to partners. (bvsalud.org)
In this revised case-definition, a person is suspected to have AIDS either when the CD4+ lymphocyte count drops below 200 cells per cubic millimeter (i.e., below 14% of total lymphocyte count) and there is a laboratory confirmation of HIV infection or a diagnosis is made of one of the clinical conditions. (ispub.com)
Methods1
METHODS: Cross-sectional face-to-face questionnaire data, and laboratory HSV-2 and HIV antibody data were collected among a representative sample in the 2014/2015 household survey of the HIV Incidence Provincial Surveillance System in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. (bvsalud.org)
Type2
The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
The first type of life cycle allows development of nonparasitic adults, both males and females, in the soil, which can indefinitely maintain infestation of the soil. (medscape.com)
Person1
These constitute the bulk of the conditions included in the 1993-revised CDC AIDS case-definition, for surveillance among person over 13 years of age (CDC, 1994). (ispub.com)
Reports1
The HVA conducts occasional questionnaires relating to various issues surrounding herpes and this study reports on a survey conducted amongst members in 2015. (bvsalud.org)
People1
Serological surveys are usually used to quantify the proportion of people or animals in a population positive for a specific antibody or the titre or concentrations of an antibody. (wikipedia.org)