• Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, including mutations that block the incorporation of nucleosides, a class of HIV drug, into the viral DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unfortunately, BDQ quickly acquired two main mechanisms of resistance, consisting in mutations in either atpE gene, encoding the target, or in Rv0678 , coding for the repressor of the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim is to understand mechanisms of resistance to major antiparasitic drugs and, more generally, to identify general drug-induced responses that facilitate the development of drug resistance. (edu.au)
  • While efforts are being made to identify the mechanisms of resistance and to develop novel drugs and therapeutic agents to overcome them, the lack of physiologically relevant, drug-resistant cancer model systems remains a significant challenge. (atcc.org)
  • The major mechanisms of resistance include tumor evolution and tumor heterogeneity, acquired secondary genetic alterations, signaling pathway feedback loops and bypass mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment. (atcc.org)
  • Antibiotic Resistance in Dermatology: Mechanisms of Resistance This article presents a brief review of the use of antibiotics in dermatology, their mechanisms of action, and mechanisms by which antibiotic resistance develops. (medscape.com)
  • The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Selenium (Se)-containing molecules exert antioxidant properties and modulate targets associated with tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. (oncotarget.com)
  • University of Queensland researchers have identified a novel drug target with the potential to overcome drug resistance and prevent tumor regrowth in cancer patients. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In vitro , overexpression of the mdr-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in tumor cells can confer high-level resistance to natural product-derived cytotoxics-anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and taxanes. (cancer.gov)
  • 5,6 Cancer cells are highly plastic and adaptable, evolving and accumulating irreversible genetic alterations throughout the initiation and development of the tumor. (atcc.org)
  • 7 The genetic abnormalities and drug sensitivities of cells within the same tumor can vary widely, resulting in the survival and regrowth of a sub-population of tumor cells after a treatment that initially appears to be effective. (atcc.org)
  • 3,4 In some cases, tumor cells can even acquire secondary genetic alterations during drug treatment. (atcc.org)
  • Drug resistance occurs as bacterial or viral populations evolve to no longer respond to medications that previously worked. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their method offers a relatively inexpensive, fast and simple way to track drug resistance in human populations. (ed.ac.uk)
  • This is critical for detecting very small populations of resistance that can persist despite drug treatment. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • The current focus of this research is on evaluating the impact of gastrointestinal parasites on childhood health and development in Karen populations in refugee communities in northwest Thailand (Tha Song Yang region). (edu.au)
  • The strategy would take advantage of parasite refugia--host populations not treated with drugs, thereby serving as 'safe zones' where parasites don't develop drug resistance. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the case of a disease like heartworm, which is transmitted by mosquitoes and infects both wild animal populations and companion animals, there is some natural variation in both drug coverage and mixing. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The emergence of drug resistance in treated populations (antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients) and transmission of drug- resistant strains to newly infected individuals are important public health concerns in the prevention and control of HIV. (canada.ca)
  • Robert Kirkcaldy] So based on data from GISP, we know there are differences in resistance patterns among different populations in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • MEK inhibitors exhibited differences in antitumor efficacy resistance in schwannoma models with possible emergence of trametinib resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Co-sponsored by ASM and the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), this multidisciplinary meeting will highlight the challenges, opportunities and current requirements for antimicrobial drug development to address antimicrobial resistance. (asm.org)
  • Trends in antimicrobial drug development: implications for the future. (cdc.gov)
  • This regimen is based on experimental/clinical observations that suggest infusion schedules may improve the therapeutic index of natural product-derived cytotoxics, and that high-dose alkylator therapy can overcome drug resistance in lymphoma. (cancer.gov)
  • And this research paves the way for the development of drugs to overcome vemurafenib resistance in melanoma patients. (science20.com)
  • Following widespread resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine all malaria- endemic countries except two in the Region have changed the treatment policy to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). (who.int)
  • It has been difficult to abandon chloroquine as first-line treatment even though resistance to it is widespread. (who.int)
  • It also reviews the way drug resistance develops and spreads, methods used to assess the presence and level of drug resistance, and the extent to which chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)-the two most widely used antimalarial drugs in the world today-have now lost efficacy. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Studies on resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium falciparum with potential application to the development of a modified in vitro susceptibility test / by Michael Davis Rogers. (who.int)
  • Resistance of parasites to antiparasitic drugs : round table conference, held at the VIIth International Congress of Parasitology, Paris, August 1990 / editors, J. C. Boray, P. J. Martin, R. T. Roush. (who.int)
  • This test is similar in concept to antibiotic-resistance testing in bacterial culture. (canada.ca)
  • Preclinical assessment of MEK1/2 inhibitors for neurofibromatosis type 2-associated schwannomas reveals differences in efficacy and drug resistance development. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Breast Cancer Research Foundation-AACR Career Development Awards for Translational Breast Cancer Research are given to junior faculty to support innovative research designed to accelerate the discovery, development, and application of new agents to treat breast cancer or for preclinical research with direct therapeutic intent. (aacr.org)
  • These models can be used to decipher mechanisms of metastasis and treatment resistance, for drug screening, and preclinical drug testing. (lu.se)
  • Drug-Resistant Shigella flexneri 2a, California, USA, 2022 Find out how whole-genome sequencing helped guide treatment selection in this case of persistent shigellosis that was refractory to initial drug therapy. (medscape.com)
  • To date, there is no single and clinically active drug available that inhibits the AmpC enzyme and combats multidrug resistance and its transmission in individuals. (nih.gov)
  • Certainty in the evidence was judged to be very sponsored this new practice guideline on the treatment of low because the data came from observational studies with significant drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (cdc.gov)
  • The article of record, and the one that should be cited, is: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Despite the introduction 40 years ago of the inexpensive and effective four-drug (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) treatment regimen, tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, in 2018, tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • One very important application of this work is investigating how pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) respond to antibiotics, as this helps inform how Mtb develops antimicrobial resistance or drug resistance. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Background: In the treatment of active tuberculosis, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to optimize dosing that maximizes therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Initially HAART comprised of three classes of drugs, namely nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs), which target two important viral enzymes. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This has changed in the last few years with the development and approval for use of second-generation NNRTIs and PIs, and three new classes of drugs including integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The results support further investigation of MEK inhibitors in combination with other targeted drugs for NF2 schwannomas . (bvsalud.org)
  • The development of targeted therapies has also been followed by resistance, reminiscent of an evolutionary arms race, as exemplified by imatinib and other BCR-ABL inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. (nature.com)
  • Nonetheless, the development of specific inhibitors for the AmpC enzyme, either naturally or synthetically, is only unfolding. (nih.gov)
  • Although newer classes of drugs are available, the most commonly used drugs approved for the treatment of HIV infection fall into three classes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). (canada.ca)
  • Many anticancer drugs, such as platinum compounds, alkylating agents and nitrosoureas, cause direct damage to the structural integrity of the DNA, and resistance to these compounds results from activation of DNA repair systems. (nature.com)
  • and 6) clinical prospects for future therapeutic use of Se in combination with anticancer drugs. (oncotarget.com)
  • The phenomenon of acquired drug resistance has been observed with various types of cancer therapeutics including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted anticancer drugs, and cancer immunotherapy. (atcc.org)
  • His current research work involve systems biology of Huntington's disease, chromosome instability, non-coding RNAs in cancers, and cancer drug resistance mechanisms. (kgi.edu)
  • Improved health and sanitation could potentially limit the global burden of resistance to antibiotics, scientists say. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The clinical pipeline of the new antibiotics remains dry due to the production of AmpC beta-lactamases by the bacteria to develop resistance against antibiotics. (nih.gov)
  • However, with continued use of antibiotics, pathogens have developed antibiotic resistance that has rendered some antibiotics ineffective. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Following development of ODELAM and previously ODELAY, we are integrating these technologies into investigating mechanisms of cellular responses to antibiotics. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Since the introduction of antibiotics in the first half of the 20th century, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has successively developed resistance to each antibiotic recommended for gonorrhea treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • We hear a lot about how use of antibiotics in the United States can cause resistance in other bacteria, but we don't know whether this is the case with Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (cdc.gov)
  • So basically, lower MICs mean the bacteria get killed when exposed to only a little bit of antibiotic, which is good, and higher MICs mean the bacteria can survive despite being exposed to more and more antibiotics, which is bad, and can move the bacteria toward resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Misuse and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to antibiotic resistance (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Research and development on new antibiotics has decreased (2). (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiotic Resistance in Dermatology: Combating Resistance It's crucial that dermatologists aim to combat antibiotic resistance, given the high use of antibiotics in dermatology. (medscape.com)
  • In cross resistance, an entire class of medication is considered ineffective in lowering a patient's HIV viral load because all the drugs in a given class share the same mechanism of action. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beside developing new methodologies for HIV resistance testing, Dr. Ji's lab also conducts in-depth research on viral genetics, molecular epidemiology and metagenomics involving HIV and SARS-COV-2. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Most mutations do not result in the development of drug resistance, as they are lethal, reduce fitness, or even if not affecting viral growth, occur at sites that are not targeted by ART. (canada.ca)
  • However, under conditions in which treatment does not completely inhibit viral replication, a virus with drug-resistant mutations may begin to thrive, resulting in treatment failure. (canada.ca)
  • It is thought that some strains of HIV-1 are naturally resistant to ART drugs, and that the prevalence of these strains varies across the globe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmodium falciparum has sequently revised [ 9 ] and have remained developed resistance to nearly all antimalar- basically unchanged since the WHO Scien- ials in current use, although the geographi- tific Group on the Chemotherapy of Malar- cal distribution and prevalence rates of ia and Resistance to Antimalarials in 1972 resistance to individual drugs do vary. (who.int)
  • Park and his colleagues created a model to predict the effects of refugia on two important outcomes: the overall prevalence of infection within a population and the proportion of those infections that are drug-resistant. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The model yielded predictions about how changing the levels of drug coverage and mixing would affect prevalence and resistance, and also shed light on the evolutionary processes at work. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The dogma is that increasing contact between treated and untreated groups would be predicted to simply increase prevalence and decrease frequency of resistance, but we found that the relationships were much more complex than that," Park said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Available data suggest that the prevalence of primary drug resistance in Canada is similar to that observed in other developed countries where highly active antiretroviral treatment is widely used. (canada.ca)
  • DNA methylation analysis of PD0325901-resistant versus -susceptible VS identified genes that could contribute to drug resistance . (bvsalud.org)
  • Higher levels of drug resistance genes were found in South America, Asia and Africa compared with developed regions such as North America and Europe. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we performed a new bioinformatics analysis on microarray-based gene expression data obtained from the public domain to explore genes that were differentially induced by drugs between the group of capreomycin and PA-824 and the group of mainly the first-line TB drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • BDQ resistance is especially associated with mutations in atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The findings also show that some melanoma patients have additional gene mutations that switch MLK genes on, causing patients to develop resistance to vemurafenib more quickly. (science20.com)
  • Phenotypic tests assess growth of a virus containing the genes of interest in the presence of drugs against which resistance is being determined. (canada.ca)
  • We also conduct fundamental research into host-parasite interactions, parasite development, stress responses and drug resistance, with the ultimate goal of developing approaches to better control these parasites. (edu.au)
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
  • Since then, chemotherapy has been one of the main therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, but, to paraphrase Paul Ehrlich, resistance has followed as a faithful shadow. (nature.com)
  • Although significant strides have been made in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), major clinical advances have plateaued over despite the development of new chemotherapy regimens and strategies. (cancer.gov)
  • In the Cornell model [ 6 ], the bacilli recovered from the relapsed mice were fully susceptible to INH and PZA, indicating phenotypic rather than genetic drug resistance associated with dormant bacilli. (hindawi.com)
  • Overall categories of resistance mechanisms include drug-resistant proteins, genetic alterations, miRNA alterations, and aberrant signaling activation. (haematologica.org)
  • Drug resistance largely results from changes (mutations) in the genetic material that code for these enzymes, rendering ART less effective. (canada.ca)
  • Resis- assessment of in vivo drug response in P. tance to antimalarial drugs has been de- falciparum were developed shortly after scribed for 2 of the 4 species of human the first reports of CQ resistance in this malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum species [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Finally, we also constructed a data sheet including the mutations associated with BDQ resistance that could be useful for the early detection of BDQ-resistance in MDR/XDR patients with the purpose of a better management of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to acquiring somatic mutations associated with drug resistance, cancer cells may alter cell signaling pathway feedback loops or bypass certain drug target signaling pathways through epigenetic alterations to maintain activation of key cell proliferation and survival signals. (atcc.org)
  • Until recently, patients developing highly drug-resistant HIV-1 have had limited therapy options. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we developed a single genome sequencing assay of the full-length HIV-1 pol gene and used it to investigate the development and linkage of drug resistance mutations in sequential samples from two patients failing INSTI-containing salvage therapy. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Methods: Published systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and Conclusions: New recommendations are made for the choice and a new individual patient data meta-analysis from 12,030 number of drugs in a regimen, the duration of intensive and patients, in 50 studies, across 25 countries with confirmed continuation phases, and the role of injectable drugs for MDR-TB. (cdc.gov)
  • While the majority of major drug companies have been scaling back or cutting antibiotic research, diagnostics and advanced data analytics can help preserve existing treatments for patients. (biomerieux.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus evolves rapidly in patients, making the development of drug resistance a major problem in combating the virus. (acs.org)
  • Today, CQ-resistant falciparum malaria is set criteria for the selection of patients, the being reported from all countries in which administration of a standard treatment regi- the disease is endemic except for few foci men of the appropriate drug, and daily par- in central America north of the Panama Ca- asitological blood examination for the nal, Haiti and the Dominican Republic [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • Most patients in this study did have a reduction in ENT1 RNA levels post treatment, indicating a likely acquired mechanism of drug resistance. (haematologica.org)
  • 1 Statistical data indicate that over 90% of the mortality of patients with cancer is related to drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • This constitutes a serious concern for patients as resistance to therapeutics can lead to decreased drug response and the recurrence of disease. (atcc.org)
  • Most metastatic melanoma patients stop responding to the drug within about six months, leading to a relapse of the disease. (science20.com)
  • Possible mechanisms for gram for breast cancer in southern Sweden issued 1991, pre- recurrence after treatment are low initial drug sensitivity or menopausal lymph node positive (N+) breast cancer patients an acquired drug resistance. (lu.se)
  • Radiotherapy was delivered to ipsilateral axil- cancer patients in the future, it is essential to increase our lary and supraclavicular lymph nodes and the remaining knowledge in mechanisms responsible for drug resistance, breast parenchyma after breast conservation surgery or tho- and to define reliable indicators for response to therapy. (lu.se)
  • In Morocco, TDM is not routinely used, yet low levels of anti-TB drugs can be associated with poorer treatment outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively checked our archives for patients with active TB for whom TDM was performed during 2014. (bvsalud.org)
  • Then, we looked for cases with delay of TB conversion.Results: In total, 24 patients were identified, for whom TDM was performed, they all had low serum drug levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • We believe that this new approach to surveillance of antimicrobial resistance around the world is a game-changer, making the difficult task of monitoring this threat far easier than before. (ed.ac.uk)
  • According to the global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, varied from 8.4% to 92.9% for Escherichia coli and from 4.1% to 79.4% for Klebsiellapneumoniae in different countries. (nih.gov)
  • The Canadian HIV Strain and Drug Resistance Surveillance Program (SDR program) monitors and assesses HIV strains and the transmission of HIV drug resistance among individuals with newly diagnosed and not yet treated HIV infection in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • This Epi Update provides a summary of primary HIV drug resistance in Canada and in other developed countries and includes an overview of data from the Canadian Strain and Drug Resistance Surveillance (SDR) program, a collaboration between the provinces and the Public Health Agency of Canada (the Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division and the National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories). (canada.ca)
  • This the development team and participated in the training in surveillance provided rapid and consistent information Haiti. (cdc.gov)
  • 4,5 Drug resistance in each case could involve one or more of these major mechanisms, depending on the class of drugs and therapeutic treatment strategies being employed. (atcc.org)
  • Remarkably, although cells are genetically identical, individual cells in a population respond differently to antibiotic drugs. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Drug efficacy was examined in primary human VS cells with NF2 mutations and correlated with DNA methylation patterns. (bvsalud.org)
  • The need for lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART), coupled with the high HIV replication and mutation rates, means that resistance will emerge even among appropriately treated, compliant individuals. (who.int)
  • NNRTIs), a single mutation may be associated with a high level of resistance to drugs from that same class. (canada.ca)
  • SUMMARY Studies done between 1997 and 2003 are reviewed to give an overall picture of antimalarial drug resistance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). (who.int)
  • In addition to first- and second-line antimalarial drug treatments, adjunctive and supportive care measures (e.g., intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, supplemental oxygen, antiseizure medications) may be needed for severe manifestations. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Our data indicate that the development of drug resistance mutations in IN is complex and is a fine balance between attaining high levels of drug resistance and decent replicative fitness. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has also been detected. (who.int)
  • This award will support my transition to becoming an independent investigator tackling an understudied mechanism of drug resistance in breast cancer: cancer cell quiescence. (aacr.org)
  • Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
  • In this project stream, we use advanced sequencing and bioinformatics to understand how parasites respond to drugs at the molecular level and how these responses differ from those to heat, oxidative and other non-drug induced forms of stress. (edu.au)
  • We use genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenetic methods to explore the molecular biology underpinning parasite invasion of a new host, development within that host, and the methods by which the parasite interacts with and seeks to thwart the host immune attack against it. (edu.au)
  • This project stream focuses on the development and utilisation of molecular (primarily PCR-based) diagnostic tools for the rapid and specific identification and quantitation of gastrointestinal pathogens (helminths and diarrhoeal parasites) and select aquatic microorganisms (specific toxigenic and/or taste/odor compound producing cyanobacteria). (edu.au)
  • Taken together, these studies indicated the involvement of RUNX2 in BCSCs and its roles in breast cancer diagnosis and drug resistance, revealing its promising prospective clinical application and utility as an antitumor drug target in the future. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Drugs active against Plasmodium falciparum also are active against the other three malaria species that affect humans- P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale- with the exception of antifols, which work poorly against P. vivax . (nationalacademies.org)
  • To better understand the spreading of BDQ resistance in MDR- and XDR-TB, in vitro studies could be a valuable tool. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multi-drug resistance and its transmission is a ubiquitous health issue worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • Further, Se pretreament offered selective protection of normal tissues from drug-induced toxicity, thereby allowing higher dosing than maximum tolerated doses. (oncotarget.com)
  • Primary resistance is acquired when an individual's initial infection with HIV comes from an already resistant strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • An individual infected by a resistant strain begins their course of treatment with already limited drug options, which can pose problems later down the line if they develop additional resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most commonly used drugs used in ART target the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease enzymes. (canada.ca)
  • Twenty years after the first case of AIDS was diagnosed, the pandemic of HIV/AIDS is widely seen as a major public health and development crisis and a potential threat to people at both national and regional levels - as recognized by the United Nations Security Council in January 2000. (who.int)
  • The common AIDS drugs AZT (zidovudine) and 3TC (lamivudine) belong to this class of pharmaceuticals. (acs.org)
  • Although this brings a hope to identify drug resistance and detect the cancer's relapse at an early stage, the corresponding treatment solutions are not always available. (atcc.org)
  • OncoKB® , a comprehensive precision oncology knowledge database developed by researchers and physicians at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, today received partial recognition status from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (mskcc.org)
  • Understanding how antibiotic resistance emerges is critical for the development of countermeasures to battle emerging antibiotic resistance. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Once resistance emerges, you might squeeze a little bit of life out of a drug by tweaking it, but often, very quickly, that entire class of drugs will become useless," said Andrew Park, an associate professor in the UGA Odum School of Ecology and College of Veterinary Medicine, who led the research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Without a global effort to ensure lasting effectiveness of treatment, drug resistance is poised to get worse fast, raising costs, claiming more lives, and making future generations vulnerable to diseases that are easily cured today. (cgdev.org)
  • In the case of HIV, there have been recognized cases of treatment resistant strains since 1989, with drug resistance being a major contributor to treatment failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two main types of resistance, primary and induced, differ mostly in causation, with the biggest cause of resistance being a lack of adherence to the specific details of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this reason, the reaction to the growing number of cases of resistant HIV strains has mostly been to try to increase access to treatment and implement other measures to make sure people stay in care, as well as to look into the development of an HIV vaccine or cure. (wikipedia.org)
  • A blood test can be done to determine which drugs may be effective prior to initiation of treatment or during treatment to ensure resistance has not developed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hallmark of NF2 is formation of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). Because merlin modulates activity of the Ras /Raf/ mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ( MEK )/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, we investigated repurposing drugs targeting MEK1 and/or MEK2 as a treatment for NF2-associated schwannomas . (bvsalud.org)
  • Resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic treatment is a common phenomenon, especially in progressive disease. (nature.com)
  • This article covers current concepts and recent advances in TB drug discovery and development, including an update of ongoing TB treatment trials, newer clinical trial designs, TB biomarkers and adjunct host-directed therapies. (nih.gov)
  • However, efforts to improve access to treatment are hampered by development of HIV, TB and malaria drug resistance. (who.int)
  • Drug resistance continues to thwart the treatment success of therapeutics in AML as well as other cancers, leading to poor survival. (haematologica.org)
  • A poor initial response to the given treatment indicates that a patient may have intrinsic drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • 3 Acquired resistance to an initially effective therapy is a much greater challenge in the clinical setting as optimism following initial treatment and response can quickly turn into poor results and devastating outcomes. (atcc.org)
  • These mutations can give the cell the ability to withstand further treatment with that drug. (atcc.org)
  • A. fumigatus has shown a rise in azole resistance since the 1990s, resulting in treatment failures and prompting its inclusion on the CDC's 'watch list. (asm.org)
  • RAPID RESISTANCE to vemurafenib - a treatment for a type of advanced melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer - could be prevented by blocking a druggable family of proteins, according to research* published in Nature Communications today (Thursday). (science20.com)
  • Primary drug resistance is resistance observed in treatment-naive individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection, in whom resistance is presumably due to the transmission of a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1. (canada.ca)
  • Currently, there is only a single treatment regimen left that is recommended by CDC for gonorrhea treatment, a combination of two drugs--ceftriaxone and azithromycin. (cdc.gov)
  • Integration of patient-derived models with patient data holds promise for the development of precision medicine treatment strategies for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. (lu.se)
  • Researchers demonstrated that ENT1 removal from the cell surface was induced by bone marrow stroma cell-secreted factors, and this contributed to cytarabine resistance in AML cells. (haematologica.org)
  • When parasites from refugia mix with their drug-resistant counterparts in the general population, they could reduce the incidence of drug-resistance overall, which may help prolong a drug's effectiveness, say the researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers at the University of Georgia have developed a model for evaluating a potential new strategy in the fight against drug-resistant diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By blocking these enzymes, which previous studies have shown is already possible, the researchers hope they can stop resistance to vemurafenib so the cancer cells are still vulnerable to the drug. (science20.com)
  • During the past century, developments in public health lem in community-acquired infections. (cdc.gov)
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Metronidazole Injection USP and other antibacterial drugs, Metronidazole Injection USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Induced resistance refers to resistance that occurs as a result of drug therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary resistance refers to resistance that is not incurred as a result of ART therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV drug resistance assessment is primarily through monitoring of early warning indicators at ART sites.3 HIV drug resistance surveys are also performed in geographic areas where ART has been widespread for more than 3 years. (who.int)
  • We explore how these behaviours change as parasites (primarily Giardia duodenalis) develop drug resistance. (edu.au)
  • One is the level of drug coverage--the proportion of the overall population that has been treated against parasites. (sciencedaily.com)
  • And we gained a lot of insight into the different roles of selection--how different strains are favored because of the host environment--and gene flow, the movement of drug resistant and drug susceptible parasites between host groups. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a pivotal transcription factor in mammary gland and bone development, has also been related to metastatic cancer and BCSCs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After two years of study and analysis, CGD's expert Drug Resistance Working Group urges four crucial steps to combat the problem in a pivotal new report, The Race Against Drug Resistance . (cgdev.org)
  • Here we review recent developments in patient-derived neuroblastoma xenograft models and in vitro cultures. (lu.se)
  • New approaches to the prevention and management of CDI continue to undergo development and investigation. (medscape.com)
  • He studies how cancer cell quiescence promotes drug resistance in localized and metastatic breast cancer. (aacr.org)
  • Johnson & Johnson Innovation Center is the first collaborator for Scripps Advance, a new drug discovery initiative to translate early-stage biomedical research projects into clinical development candidates. (scripps.edu)
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Right now, we're really struggling to manage diseases like MRSA and extensively drug-resistant TB," he said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Footnote 7 Footnote 8 However, these benefits can be adversely affected by the development of drug-resistant forms of the virus. (canada.ca)
  • Both types of drug resistance limit strategies for antiretroviral therapy (ART), have important implications for HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and may result in increased health care costs. (canada.ca)
  • State‑of‑the‑art research has indicated the retention of RUNX2 expression in a more invasive subtype of breast cancer, and in particular, triple‑negative breast cancer development and drug resistance are associated with estrogen receptor signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Current population of the health sector, e.g., research and development, public movement dynamics rapidly and effectively link regions of health policy, service delivery, and payment programs. (cdc.gov)
  • How to eradicate mycobacterial persistence has become a central research focus for developing next-generation TB drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • The research, just published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters , offers a way to assess when such an approach is likely to work--information that could help in the increasingly urgent hunt for alternatives to the current suite of parasite-fighting drugs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dr. Ji is a member of the WHO Global HIV Drug Resistance Network working groups on Research and Innovation and Laboratory Capacity building. (umanitoba.ca)
  • I am deeply grateful to be a recipient of the 2020 Breast Cancer Research Foundation-AACR Career Development Award for Translational Breast Cancer Research. (aacr.org)