• Lower pH (3.99 vs 4.64), NH 3 N of total N(4.03 vs 6.37) and butyric acid concentration (2.6 vs 7.5 g/kg DM) and higher content of lactic acid (37.3 vs 14.2 g/kg DM) and acetic acid 38.5 vs 21.8 g/kg DM were observed in chopped than unchopped silage. (cipav.org.co)
  • Measurement and Correlation for Solubilities of Adipic Acid in Acetic Acid + ε-Caprolactone Mixtures and Cyclohexanone + ε-Caprolactone Mixtures. (crefap.org)
  • Besides, by-products could also be produced throughout the fermentation period, which included alcohols (e.g., ethanol), glycerol, carbon dioxide, and organic acids (e.g., acetic acid or formic acid) (Ghaffar et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Dry biomass concentration was highest for acetic acid concentrations of 40-55 g/L reaching values of about 1.1 g/L within 48 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For malic acid production, 45 g/L acetic acid was ideal, resulting in a product concentration of 8.44 ± 0.42 g/L after 192 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the cultivars investigated, 'Miskali' showed the highest citric acid content (0.959 g/l) while 'Kirmizi Kismis' produced predominant contents in tartaric acid (12.71 g/l). (bvsalud.org)
  • Significant differences in organic acids concentration of about 4- to 8-fold were observed for citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and oxaloacetic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The side product spectrum of cultures with acetate, glucose, and cultures containing both substrates was compared, showing differences especially in the amount of oxalic, succinic, and citric acid produced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microbial malic acid production is currently not able to compete economically with well-established chemical processes using fossil resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To pave the path towards microbial malic acid production, the potential of acetate as a carbon source for A. oryzae is evaluated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A broad acetate concentration range was tested both for growth and malic acid production with A. oryzae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The addition of 5-15 g/L glucose to acetate medium proved beneficial by lowering the time point of maximum productivity and increasing malic acid yield. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the presence of CaCO 3 , a pH regulator used for malate production with glucose, was found to be crucial also for malic acid production with acetate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study evaluates relevant aspects of malic acid production with A. oryzae using acetate as carbon source and demonstrates that it is a suitable substrate for biomass formation and acid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The insights provided here will be useful to further microbial malic acid production using renewable substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malic acid, a C4-dicarboxylic acid, is one of the commercially used chemicals which is still produced from fossil resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, malic acid has great potential to be produced microbially. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among these genera, Aspergillus oryzae is of particular interest in the context of malic acid production with bio-based substrates as this species exhibits a high tolerance against biomass-derived inhibitors [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of malic acid production processes with A. oryzae described so far utilized glucose as carbon source. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Solubility of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + ε-caprolactone + water mixtures: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling. (crefap.org)
  • Solubility of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + ε-caprolactone mixtures and propionic acid + cyclohexanone mixtures: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling. (crefap.org)
  • Tartaric acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid. (showa-america.com)
  • Ammonium tartrate , the ammonium salt of tartaric acid, is used in such applications as cell culture and chromatography. (showa-america.com)
  • Average total acidity and soluble solids for white (0.95g of tartaric acid in 100gfm and 17.1°Bx, respectively) and for red and pink (0.93g of tartaric acid in 100gfm and 17.4°Bx, respectively) cultivars were not significantly different (p>0.05). (bvsalud.org)
  • Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus. (openfoodfacts.org)
  • Lower pH, NH 3 N and butyric acid (4.21 vs 4.43, 4.09 vs 6.31 % and 3.8 vs 6.4 g/kg DM, respectively) and higher lactic and acetic acids concentrations were observed in molasses treated as compared to untreated silage. (cipav.org.co)
  • This hydrolysis makes read-across to butyric acid a relevant approach for every toxicological test, as water is present in all of them. (europa.eu)
  • Targeted metabolomics on central carbon metabolism of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glyoxylate cycle were analysed using LC-MS/MS-TripleQ and GC-MS, while untargeted metabolite profiling was performed using LC-MS/MS-QTOF followed by multivariate analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to explore the mitochondrial response under inflammatory and anti-inflammatory environments, with a focus on the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria play an important role in cell energy metabolism 12 through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), whose main product is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fundamental energy molecule for cells 12 . (nature.com)
  • Calculate the fraction of adipic acid that. (crefap.org)
  • Adipic acid can also be found in the production of foods as a flavoring agent to add tartness. (crefap.org)
  • The different solubility of adipic acid in various solvents results mainly from the structure and solvent polarity. (crefap.org)
  • The solubility of adipic acid in water is 1.5 g. per 100 mL at 15?C, and 0.6 g per 100 mL in. (crefap.org)
  • Adipic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with the formula (CH2)4 (COOH)2. (crefap.org)
  • Determination of the Adipic Acid Solubility Curve in Acetone by Using ATR-FTIR and Heat Flow Calorimetry. (crefap.org)
  • Adipic Acid TCC's Adipic Acid is a mildly toxic, white, crystalline compound. (crefap.org)
  • Adipic acid (butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, C6 H 10 O 4) (Figure 27) is a white crystalline powder of C6-straight chain dicarboxylic acid, and is one of the most used chemicals in the world today (Table 1). (crefap.org)
  • Adipic acid EC50= 31.3 mg/L 72h EC50 = 26.6 mg/L 96h Leuciscus idus: LC50 = 230 mg/L 96h EC50 = 91.9 mg/L 17 hEC50 = 85.7 mg/L 48h Persistence and DegradabilityPersistence is unlikely Bioaccumulation/ AccumulationNo information available. (crefap.org)
  • Solubilities of Adipic Acid in Cyclohexanol + Cyclohexanone Mixtures and Cyclohexanone + Cyclohexane Mixtures. (crefap.org)
  • Adipic acid is found to be associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. (crefap.org)
  • adipic acid tableting tablet lubricant composition Prior art date 1969-07-07 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. (crefap.org)
  • In the case of ammonium bicarbonate the formula could not be used for accurate pH determination due to ammonium hydrolysis and variation of salt concentration (the salt itself was prepared in situ from autoclaved ammonia and autoclaved nutrient solution). (unl.pt)
  • Toxicity data has been read across primarily from isobutyric acid, which is the hydrolysis product of isobutyric anhydride. (europa.eu)
  • EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Carbon dioxide was also needed for aspartic acid synthesis [6]. (unl.pt)
  • Fermentation has been considered the preferred method for producing high-purity lactic acid in the industry over chemical synthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • Although several biodiversity studies have been conducted with local cultivars in different regions of Anatolia, no information has been reported so far on the biochemical (organic acids, sugars, phenolic acids, vitamin C) and antioxidant diversity of local historical table V. vinifera cultivars grown in Igdir province. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Present results illustrated that the historical table grape cultivars grown in Igdir province of Eastern part of Turkey contained diverse and valuable sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids, Vitamin C values and demonstrated important antioxidant capacity for human health benefits. (bvsalud.org)
  • Number and fresh weight of tomato fruits, quality of tomato fruits in terms of sugars, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were also investigated at scheduled intervals. (ubc.ca)
  • Both sucrose ester and succinic acid monoglyceride are nonionic surfactants with good emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing and wetting properties, which can effectively improve the water holding capacity and elasticity of meat products. (jlsoyprotein.com)
  • Lubricating oils are composed of base oils (>85% v/v) and enriching additives (<15% v/v). Three types of base oils may be distinguished: 1) traditional bases (obtained by low-volatile fractions from crude oil distillation refining), 2) synthetic bases (mainly poly-alpha-olefins, sometimes esters, especially succinic acid esters), 3) bases of natural origin (especially obtained from refined plant oils). (mostwiedzy.pl)
  • This indicates that read-across to isobutyric acid is appropriate for all studies where water is present, as the anhydride will quickly hydrolyze to the acid. (europa.eu)
  • The inhibitors that were regularly used to target αKG-dependent dioxygenase include N-oxalylglycine (NOG), pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA), 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline, FG-2216 and FG-4592, which were all designed mimic the co-substrate αKG and compete against the binding of αKG at the enzyme active site Fe(II). (wikipedia.org)
  • This organic compound is the most important synthetic dicarboxylic acid produced annually. (crefap.org)
  • When actinomycetes were cultured in the presence of oxygen, 90% of the total radioactivity of the succinic acid was found in the methylene carbons as compared to 62% when it was cultured anaerobically [5]. (unl.pt)
  • Correlation of organic acids concentration and key enzymes involved in the central carbon metabolism was further determined by enzymatic assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acids with a methyl substituent located at an even-numbered carbon are extensively metabolized to CO2 via ß-oxidative cleavage in the fatty acid pathway. (europa.eu)
  • They also are substrates for ß-oxidation and cleavage in the amino acid and fatty acid pathways. (europa.eu)
  • It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. (lookformedical.com)
  • Vegetable oil including palm oil is known to contain triglyceride, free fatty acid, and vitamin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lactic acid has become one of the most important chemical substances used in various sectors. (springeropen.com)
  • However, the recovery and separation of lactic acid from microbial fermentation media are relatively complicated and expensive, especially in the process relating to second-generation (2G) lactic acid recovery. (springeropen.com)
  • This article reviews the development and progress related to lactic acid separation and recovery from fermentation broth. (springeropen.com)
  • Various aspects are discussed thoroughly, such as the mechanism of lactic acid production through fermentation, the crucial factors that influence the fermentation process, and the separation and recovery process of conventional and advanced lactic acid separation methods. (springeropen.com)
  • This review's highlight is the recovery of lactic acid by adsorption technique using ion-exchange resins with a brief focus on the potential of in-site separation strategies alongside the important factors that influenced the lactic acid recovery process by ion exchange. (springeropen.com)
  • The majority of industrial production of lactic acid today relies on the fermentation process, and its development has continued to grow rapidly in industries, particularly in terms of technological process and methodological innovation. (springeropen.com)
  • Though, the challenges faced to achieve good lactic acid purity (99-100%) after the fermentation process are still a bottleneck for the industries to tackle. (springeropen.com)
  • The lactic acid produced from fermentation broth usually contains numerous impurities such as bacterial cells, residual carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and phenolic compounds. (springeropen.com)
  • Furthermore, salt derivatives from lactic acid may also present in the fermentation broth due to alkaline reagents usage as a pH control (Kim and Moon 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
  • This innovative methodology utilizing biomass (2G-biorefinery) had generated several kinds of bioproducts such as bioethanol, bioplastics, surfactants resin, biochemicals and a range of acids like citric and lactic acid (Ramos et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Thus, the cost to purify 2G-lactic acid is expensive and the process is complicated due to high interference of these impurities. (springeropen.com)
  • This factor needs to be considered for lactic acid production to avoid difficulties during purification process. (springeropen.com)
  • Traditionally, the separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth was done through chemical precipitation, but the negative implication of gypsum generation on environmental issues (Seong et al. (springeropen.com)
  • However, few studies focusing on ASNase from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent some of the most extensively studied microorganisms and have been widely used in food fermentation worldwide. (fortunepublish.com)
  • The treatment resulted in decreased titratable acid and ascorbic acid content. (ubc.ca)
  • It afforded no protection against loss of titratable acid and ascorbic acid during storage. (ubc.ca)
  • Determinations of pigment content, intensities of photosynthesis and respiration, activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as nitrate reductase (NRase) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (transaminase), and of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as succinic dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, and phosphoglyceryl kinase were made three times at 2-week intervals, beginning 2 weeks after the spraying. (ubc.ca)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • The other aim was to expand the work of Crompton & Ward (1967 a ) , who found that lactic and succinic acids were the main excretory products from the carbohydrate metabolism of P. minutus , by analyzing extracts of the worms for other metabolites originating from glucose. (biologists.com)
  • Fed-batch is a commonly used means for the production of microbial biomass, ethanol, organic acids, antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes, and other compounds in which the culture medium is added continuously or in pulses to reach the maximum volume (Hadiyanto et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Determination of TAMC (total aerobic count) on TS-agar and for TYMC (total microbial count of yeasts) on SAB-agar is performed by. (xell.ag)
  • Fermentations of glucose in the presence of 14CO2 carried out with strains of actinomycetes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions demonstrate incorporation of radioactive carbon in high percentage in the methylene carbons of succinic acid. (unl.pt)
  • Sodium carbonates (E500) are compounds commonly used in food preparation as leavening agents, helping baked goods rise by releasing carbon dioxide when they interact with acids. (openfoodfacts.org)
  • Overall, this study has provided insights on the understanding on the effect of triglycerides and sugar as carbon source in fungi global metabolic pathway, which might become important for future optimization of carbon flux engineering in fungi to improve organic acids production when vegetable oil is applied as the sole carbon source. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • The active site contains a highly conserved 2-His-1-carboxylate (HXD/E...H) amino acid residue triad motif, in which the catalytically-essential Fe(II) is held by two histidine residues and one aspartic acid/glutamic acid residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1]. This therapy is based on the ability of ASNase to catalyze the conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid. (fortunepublish.com)
  • It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (lookformedical.com)
  • In the period prior to test substance administration, the background excretion of methylmalonic acid and succinic acid was determined to be between 0.33 to 1.76 mg/day and 4.1 to 7.0 mg/day respectively. (europa.eu)
  • This hypothesis posits that foods associated with an increased urinary acid excretion are deleterious for the skeleton, leading to osteoporosis and enhanced fragility fracture risk. (cambridge.org)
  • It is also utilized in electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry research, and has been probed as a more sensitive standard than L-alanine for high dose determinations. (showa-america.com)
  • RIDASCREEN®FAST Gliadin sensitive is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the determination of prolamins from gluten containing cereals in as gluten-free declared food (cookies, rice flour, oat flour, sausages, quinoa flour, chocolate, millet flour). (r-biopharm.com)
  • This study describes the production, characterization and structure determination of a novel Holliday junction-resolving enzyme. (iucr.org)
  • Amino-acid sequence and structure comparison suggested that the enzyme belongs to a group of enzymes classified as archaeal Holliday junction-resolving enzymes, which are typically divalent metal ion-binding dimers that are able to cleave X-shaped dsDNA-Holliday junctions (Hjs). (iucr.org)
  • [ 4 ] Of these, its most clinically important substrate is the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, which the pseudocholinesterase enzyme hydrolyzes to succinylmonocholine and then to succinic acid. (medscape.com)
  • It occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes, bananas, and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. (showa-america.com)
  • New insights in the development of positive allosteric modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors belonging to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides: Introduction of (mono/difluoro)methyl groups at the 2-position of the thiadiazine ring. (uliege.be)
  • Notwithstanding this questionable role of bone mineral in systemic acid-base equilibrium, not only in CKD but even more in the absence of renal impairment, it is postulated that, in healthy individuals, foods, particularly those containing animal protein, would induce 'latent' acidosis and result, in the long run, in osteoporosis. (cambridge.org)
  • In a historical perspective, the present review dissects out speculation from experimental facts and emphasises the essential role of the renal tubule in systemic acid-base and Ca homeostasis. (cambridge.org)
  • About 60-65% of children with febrile UTIs have acute pyelonephritis, as defined by presence of abnormalities of the renal cortex on dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan. (medscape.com)
  • The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant and to impart its distinctive sour taste. (openfoodfacts.org)
  • Kirmizi Kismis' cultivar had also the highest quercetin (0.55 mg/l), o-coumaric acid (1.90 mg/l), and caffeic acid (2.73 mg/l) content. (bvsalud.org)
  • The metabolic fate of isobutyric acid (IBA) was investigated by oral (gavage) administration of radiolabelled [1-14C]isobutyric acid to groups of 4 male CD rats at doses of 4, 40, and 400 mg/kg bw and to 4 female CD rats at 400 mg/kg bw. (europa.eu)
  • Unlabelled isobutyric acid was orally administered for a period of 6 days in diet to 10 male rats individually housed in metabolic cages. (europa.eu)
  • A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. (lookformedical.com)