Determination cells and germ cells germ multipotent stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

A formal demonstration that mammalian pluripotent stem cells possess preimplantation embryonic cell-like (naive) pluripotency is the generation of chimeric animals through early embryo complementation with homologous cells. (bvsalud.org)
We have examined the expression profile of synemin isoforms in mouse pluripotent ES cells and during their neural differentiation induced by retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells' (2007), by Junying Yu et al. (asu.edu)
On 2 December 2007, Science published a report on creating human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells: "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells. (asu.edu)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. (razavihospital.ir)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The emergence of these pluripotent cells is linked to the evolution of more sophisticated sensory and predatory organs (for instance, jaws). (biomedcentral.com)
At first, the mesenchymal stem cell was thought to be the primary component of this undifferentiated cell type, however it is now evident that within the adipose extracellular matrix are also adipocytic precursors (known as progenitor cells) adherent to adipocytes, and in close approximation to a variety of additional undifferentiated multipotent and pluripotent cells, including pericytes and endothelial cells, all thought to play important roles in mesenchymal-stromal derived tissue regeneration. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
Step-by-step stem cell culture protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) including ips cell thawing, expanding, freezing and characterizing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This article provides an extensive step-wise overview of CRISPR Cas9 protocol that can be used to perform gene editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Combining our CRISPR, ZFN gene editing , and stem cell expertise, we now offer novel stem cell lines, optimized media, and innovative kits for all areas of stem cell biology, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the capacity to give rise to differentiated progeny representative of all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The ability to expand pluripotent cells in vitro and subject them to direct differentiation to produce specific cell types is crucial to the development of cell-based therapies to replace or restore tissue that has been damaged by disease or injury. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Presumably, the ability to delaminate, migrate, and differentiate into several different cell types would have been added on to these ancestral melanocyte progenitors 6,7 . (biologists.com)
As stem cells within a developing human embryo differentiate within the cell, their capacity to diversify generally becomes more limited and their ability to generate many differentiated cell types also becomes more restricted. (erlc.com)
By learning how stem cells differentiate and become specialized, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of how cells in general work and what can go wrong. (erlc.com)
Adult stem cells are sometimes referred to as somatic stem cells to differentiate them from human germ cells, sperm cells and egg cells. (erlc.com)
Interfollicular skin develops normally only when the activity of the progenitor cells in the basal layer is counterbalanced by the exit of cells into the suprabasal layers, where they differentiate and cornify. (biomedcentral.com)
Multipotent stem cells can only differentiate into a limited number of therapeutically useful cell types, nevertheless their safety and relative lack of complexity to us have resulted in the vast majority of current personalized cellular therapeutics involving multipotent stem cells (typically mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue). (meddic.jp)
Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue development is a key process for life starting from the earliest embryonic stages during which cells differentiate into later organs composing an entire body. (exeter.ac.uk)
Stem cells have the unique ability to self-renew or to differentiate into various cell types in response to appropriate signals. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
ReNcell neural progenitors are immortalized human neural stem cell lines that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes sand oligodendrocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Information about mesenchyme, specifically mesenchymal stem cell procotols. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Step-by-step cell culture protocols for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation, expansion and differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, even if 3D aggregate culture methods are able to recapitulate in vitro the cell-extracellular matrix interactions properly observed in vivo, and the synthetic/natural matrix and scaffolds have biochemical and mechanical properties, in order to mimic the native extracellular matrix, both of these systems possesses some limitations and some methodological improvements are needed. (razavihospital.ir)
Results: The processes by which re-aggregated adult single cell types or adult and embryonic explanted tissues are able to recapitulate embryogenesis in vitro, when cultured in adhesion or embedded in 3D gels, is not surprising and is clearly under the control of a reminiscent cellular memory which recapitulates early developmental stages. (razavihospital.ir)
Moscona A. The Development in Vitro of Chimeric Aggregates of Dissociated Embryonic Chick and Mouse Cells. (razavihospital.ir)
Kurosawa H. Methods for inducing embryoid body formation: in vitro differentiation system of embryonic stem cells. (razavihospital.ir)
The manipulated cell is cultured in vitro to develop to a specific embryonic phase, is then transferred to a recipient female. (meddic.jp)
Un rôle majeur des prostaglandines dans l'hématopoïèse, ainsi mis en évidence, a pu être étendu à la souris chez qui un traitement par la prostaglandine PGE2 provoque la multiplication des CSH in vivo et in vitro, un résultat qui génerera très probablement des applications cliniques. (hypotheses.org)
Because stromal cells can modulate the functionality of myeloid cells in vitro, targeting stromal-myeloid interactions has become an attractive potential therapeutic strategy. (pklab.org)
Differentiation is triggered by various factors in vivo , some of which can be replicated in in vitro stem cell cultures. (sigmaaldrich.com)
These protocols, such as organoid cell culture methods, have provided more predictive in vitro cellular "Disease-in-a-Dish" models. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
If stem cells can be used to produce new and differentiated cells that are damaged because of disease (such as Parkinson's disease) or injury (e.g., spinal cord damage), it would transform regenerative medicine. (erlc.com)
1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)

The Vasa protein is found primarily in germ cells in embryos and adults, where it is involved in germ cell determination and function, as well as in multipotent stem cells, where its exact function is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Developing embryos and adults regulate Vasa expression to cell and tissue specific locations. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas such naive pluripotency has been well demonstrated in rodents, poor chimerism has been achieved in other species including non-human primates due to the inability of the donor cells to match the developmental state of the host embryos. (bvsalud.org)
The issue of research involving stem cells derived from human embryos is increasingly the subject of a national debate and dinner table discussions," said President George W. Bush in a 2001 speech announcing his policy on embryonic stem cell research. (erlc.com)
Where do the embryos for embryonic stem cells come from? (erlc.com)
Currently, all human embryonic stem cell lines in use today were created from embryos generated by IVF. (erlc.com)
Moscona A. Cell suspensions from organ rudiments of chick embryos. (razavihospital.ir)
This is seen in ascidian embryos, which develop in a typical mosaic manner, where maternally supplied factors control cell fate specification reviewed by [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This structure is called the centrosome-attracting body (CAB), which is first detectable in the B4.1 blastomeres of 8-cell stage embryos [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In ascidian embryos, vas transcripts are released from the CAB located in the germ line precursor B7.6 blastomeres. (biomedcentral.com)

Czyz J, Wobus A. Embryonic stem cell differentiation: the role of extracellular factors. (razavihospital.ir)
Engineering the embryoid body microenvironment to direct embryonic stem cell differentiation. (razavihospital.ir)

Analysis of supporting stromal cells within the tumor environment demonstrates vascular remodeling within the endothelial cells. (pklab.org)

In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)

The gene is conserved in many invertebrates and vertebrate species such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus, Zebrafish, flatworms, echinoderms, molluscs, nematodes, mice and rats as an important part of germ line maintenance and function. (wikipedia.org)
Of course, one of the most important vertebrate features is a population of cells called the Neural Crest Cells (NCCs). (biologists.com)
These are not to be confused with the melanocytes of the frontal eye, which appear to be homologous to the pigment cells of the vertebrate retina instead 3 . (biologists.com)
Other cell types are likely vertebrate-specific, like chromaffin cells. (biologists.com)
In our research, we use the zebrafish embryo to investigate how intercellular Wnt protein transport is regulated and how signals are subsequently delivered to the target cell in a living vertebrate organism. (exeter.ac.uk)
Due to the conserved nature of vertebrate cell behaviour, our results will be relevant to Wnt signalling during human embryonic development and could suggest novel vulnerabilities to Wnt-dependent diseases - a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutics. (exeter.ac.uk)
This cell population is considered a vertebrate innovation and, accordingly, chordate ancestors lacked neural crest counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)

Genetic techniques enabling cKO analysis were developed in mice based on culturable embryonic stem cells that were not generally available in zebrafish, which hampered precise analysis of genetic mechanisms of organ development and regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Second, stem cells may prove to be an indispensable source of transplantable cells and tissues for repair and regeneration. (erlc.com)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
An essential component for these developmental processes but also for tissue regeneration and stem cell regulation is the communication of cells by chemical signalling. (exeter.ac.uk)
Wnt proteins regulate developmental processes, tissue regeneration and stem cell maintenance. (exeter.ac.uk)
With improved understanding of tissue healing and regeneration, stem cell Prolotherapy is gaining significant clinical importance and potential. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
These properties provide stem cells with powerful capabilities for tissue repair, replacement, and regeneration, so human stem cells are of special interest in medical research. (sigmaaldrich.com)

This is because NCCs are a population of stem cell-like progenitors that delaminate and migrate to give rise to a dizzying array of cell types all throughout our bodies and most of the skull: pigment cells, sensory neurons, glia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (biologists.com)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
Term Amniotic membrane (AM) is a very attractive source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) due to the fact that this fetal tissue is usually discarded without ethical conflicts, leading to high efficiency in MSC. (biomedcentral.com)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
The highly conserved family of Wnt proteins represents important regulators of cell behaviour, tissue development and homeostasis by inducing responses in a concentration-dependent manner. (exeter.ac.uk)
We further use gastric cancer cells to investigate how cytonemes mobilize Wnts in tumour tissue. (exeter.ac.uk)
We provide a comprehensive immune cell landscape and characterize cell-state changes from normal tissue to NB. (pklab.org)
In contrast to adult cancers and previous NB studies, we show an increase in inflammatory monocyte cell state when contrasting normal and tumor tissue, while no differences in cytotoxicity and exhaustion score for T cells, nor in Treg activity, are observed. (pklab.org)
The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)
One explanation for deficient repair is when undifferentiated adult stem repair cells are inadequate in number or cannot be stimulated within the damaged tissue site. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. (lookformedical.com)

Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)

To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
One of the challenges in developmental biology is to understand how cells adopt specific characteristics during embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumor cells from the primary tumors reveals a distinct transcriptional signature that is predictive of metastatic potential and patient survival. (pklab.org)

When germ-free cell cultures became a laboratory routine, hopes were high for using this novel technology for treatment of diseases or replacement of cells in patients suffering from injury, inflammation, or cancer or even refreshing cells in the elderly. (hindawi.com)
The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)

Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
It has been suggested that synemin could function as a linker between different cytoskeletal components based on the fact that it interacts with several proteins involved in the organization of the costameres, neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
We identified a novel way of spreading Wnt proteins in vertebrates: Wnt molecules are mobilized on specific cell protrusions known as cytonemes. (exeter.ac.uk)
These specialized signalling filopodia transmit signal proteins between communicating cells and allow a high degree of control of propagation speed, direction and concentration of the transmitted ligand. (exeter.ac.uk)

Conditional knockout (cKO) is a genetic technique to inactivate gene expression in specific tissues or cell types in a temporally regulated manner. (bvsalud.org)
The different expression of isoforms H, M and L of synemin in the nervous system raises several questions about the regulation of synemin gene expression during the determination of glial and neuronal cell lineages in the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). (biomedcentral.com)
In this investigation, comparative gene expression and electron microscopy studies were used to address germ cell formation in Oikopleura dioica ( O. dioica ). (biomedcentral.com)
PEM-1 has a role in repressing gene expression in the germ line precursor cells during germ-soma segregation [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A stringent characterization pipeline demonstrated that donor cells efficiently (up to 90%) incorporated into various tissues (including the gonads and placenta) of the chimeric monkeys. (bvsalud.org)
Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
The related concept of Longevity Determination , however, is the result of a species-specific genomic expression during early development that positions the somatic tissues of an organism to survive long after its reproductive period has been completed. (agemed.org)
Shih CC, Forman SJ, Chu P, Slovak M. Human embryonic stem cells are prone to generate primitive, undifferentiated tumors in engrafted human fetal tissues in severe combined immunodeficient mice. (razavihospital.ir)
We propose that quantitative experimental embryology offers essential ways to explore the reaction of cells and tissues to targeted cell addition, removal, and confinement. (mdpi.com)
The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
Recognition of the vast number of undifferentiated cells associated with the stromal vascular fraction has resulted in extensive research demonstrating the heterogeneity of such cells, and their ability to participate in production of all mesodermal-derived tissues. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining, we show that synemin M is present at both mRNA and protein levels in undifferentiated ES cells as early as pluripotency factor Oct-3/4 and IF keratin 8. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular cues for pluripotency, genetic reprogramming of adult stem cells, and widely multipotent adult cells. (razavihospital.ir)

This selectivity suggests that the commitment of CNS precursor cells to form glia or neuron involves the direct regulation of the single synemin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
A remarkable proportion of the new neural crest genes encode soluble ligands that control neural crest precursor specification into each cell lineage, including pigmented, neural, glial, and skeletal derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
We found no localization of vasa ( vas ) transcripts to any sub-region within the germ-line precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ are antimicrobial peptides expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. (shengsci.com)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)

Here, we show that the expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreases and increases, respectively, during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (bvsalud.org)
Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our in vivo analysis also confirmed the expression of synemins H/M in multipotent neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, a neurogenic germinal niche of the mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Knocking down synemin in ES cells by shRNA lentiviral particles transduction has no influence on expression of Oct4, Nanog and SOX2, but decreased keratin 8 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
BMP-2 stimulated the expression of Sox9, Col2a1, and Aggrecan mRNAs in free-body and synovial cells and that of Runx2, Col1a1, and Osteocalcin mRNAs in the synovial [corrected] cells only. (shengsci.com)
Noggin suppressed the expression of Sox9, Col2a1, Aggrecan, and Runx2 mRNAs in both the free-body and synovial cells. (shengsci.com)
Further, it inhibited Osteocalcin expression in the synovial cells. (shengsci.com)

In this study, we identified a glutamatergic transmission circuit in ES cells that operates through an autocrine mechanism and regulates cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
We directly quantified the released glutamate signal using microdialysis-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MD-HPLC-MS-MS). Pharmacological inhibition of endogenous glutamate release and the resulting tonic activation of NMDA receptors significantly affected ES cell proliferation, suggesting that ES cells establish a glutamatergic autocrine niche via releasing and responding to the transmitter for their own regulation. (bvsalud.org)
FGF-10 immunostaining could be related to cell proliferation in epithelium and cell differentiation in epithelium and ectomesenchyme. (bvsalud.org)
Self-renewal of the epithelium of the small intestine is a highly regulated process involving cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells or progenitor cells located at the bottom of the crypt, ending. (biomedcentral.com)

The neural crest is a transient population of embryonic cells that originate at the boundary between neural plate and dorsal ectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)

MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

In Drosophila, zygotic transcription of Vasa occurs at pole cells, and stays germ-line specific throughout the life of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)

The vasa gene is essential for germ cell development and was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster, but has since been found to be conserved in a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans. (wikipedia.org)
An exception to this theory is the presence of Zn-knuckles in all four C. elegans Vasa genes, which are restricted to functions in the germ line. (wikipedia.org)
In cells were Vasa is transcribed successfully, the promoter is hypomethylated and in all other cells it is methylated. (wikipedia.org)
In Parhyale hawaiensis, Vasa transcript is uniformly distributed in the embryo and is localized depending on the stabilization of the 3'UTR (Untranslated Region to the germ line cells. (wikipedia.org)
One of main function of Vasa protein is in germ cell determination and function. (wikipedia.org)

He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)

Fundamental questions in organogenesis are related to the identification of a simplified model which is able to mimic the molecular mechanisms involved in pattern organization and cell fate determination as well. (razavihospital.ir)

However, Yaf2 knockout promotes neural differentiation and leads to redistribution of RYBP binding, increases enrichment of RYBP and H2AK119ub on the RYBP-YAF2 cotargeted genes, and prevents ectopic derepression of nonneuroectoderm-associated genes in neural-differentiated cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
Genes Cells. (razavihospital.ir)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
The identification of neural crest specification genes expressed in the neural plate of basal chordates, in addition to the discovery of pigmented migratory cells in ascidians, has challenged this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose that the evolution of the neural crest is linked not only to the recruitment of ancestral regulatory genes but also to the emergence of signaling peptides that control the increasingly complex lineage diversification of this plastic cell population. (biomedcentral.com)

Their presence may be important to functions outside germ line development. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study was to identify the presence of FGF-10 in mouse dental germs by means of the immunohistochemical technique, from the initial development phase through to the more advanced phases. (bvsalud.org)
Stevens was able to interpret her data to conclude that chromosomes have a role in sex determination during development. (asu.edu)
All specialized cells arise originally from stem cells, and ultimately form a small number of embryonic cells that appear during the first few days of development. (erlc.com)
In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Understanding the complete immune cell composition of human neuroblastoma (NB) is crucial for the development of immunotherapeutics. (pklab.org)

However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
When the biological properties of MSCs were explored in more detail, questions arose whether these cells met the criterion of a true stem cell [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Committed myeloid progenitor cells and cells with long term reconstituting potential were lost from bone marrow within four days after poly injection. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
Our findings provide biological insights into the interplay between tumor cells and the ccRCC microenvironment. (pklab.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has the potential to investigate both genetic and nongenetic sources of tumor heterogeneity in a single assay. (pklab.org)
Numbat exploits the evolutionary relationships between subclones to iteratively infer single-cell copy number profiles and tumor clonal phylogeny. (pklab.org)
Analysis of 22 tumor samples, including multiple myeloma, gastric, breast and thyroid cancers, shows that Numbat can reconstruct the tumor copy number profile and precisely identify malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. (pklab.org)
CSF may also be examined for tumor cells from tumors that have a tendency to spread from the brain into the spinal cord or its covering. (radiologykey.com)

dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells that have been taken from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an embryo of about 150 cells that has not yet implanted into a woman's uterus. (erlc.com)

Furthermore, infusion of normal bone marrow cells rescued mice from death induced by loss of THOC5/Fms interacting protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, mechanistically depletion of THOC5/Fms interacting protein causes the down-regulation of its direct interacting partner, THOC1 which may contribute to altered THO complex function and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytokinesis in animal cells relies on a centralspindlin complex consisting of male germ cell RacGap (MgcRacGAP) and mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 (MKLP1). (shengsci.com)

Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)

The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
Since suboptimal media may change the differentiation potential of stem cells, it is vital to select the correct stem cell-validated media and reagents at the start of your research process. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are major components of the mammalian cytoskeleton and expressed in cell-type-specific patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)

There, NCCs undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to form what's been sometimes called the "Fourth Germ Layer" 1 . (biologists.com)

Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)

2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Morphological changes during cell differentiation are linked to IF network remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
This could be related to morphological determination in intercuspal areas of molar germs and to continuous growth of the incisor crown. (bvsalud.org)

Derivation and characterization of functional human neural stem cell derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that efficiently myelinate primary neurons in culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

Resting on this archetypal chordate body plan, unique populations of cells, the neural crest and the ectodermal placodes, evolved in craniates (referred to here as 'vertebrates' for simplicity). (biomedcentral.com)
When the B7.6 blastomeres divide, they produce two distinct populations of daughter cells, two primordial germ cells (B8.12) and two endodermal strand cells (B8.11) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To qualify as stem cells, self-renewal has to be shown as well [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells have two unique characteristics: (1) an almost unlimited capacity for self-renewal (they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells for as long as the person is alive) and (2) they retain the potential to produce differentiated and specialized cell types. (erlc.com)

One subset of postplasmic/PEM transcripts, still attached to the CAB, segregate into the endodermal strand cells (B8.11). (biomedcentral.com)
Both the PGCs (B8.12 cells) and the endodermal strand cells (B8.11 cells) inherit these transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)

3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (pklab.org)

Retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell. (meddic.jp)

Anatomy43

Organisms6

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Pluripotent15

Differentiate11

Mesenchymal stem2

Vitro11

Regenerative medicine3

Embryos10

Embryonic stem cell differenti2

Endothelial1

Hematopoietic cell2

Vertebrate7

Regeneration7

Tissue14

Stromal cell1

Known as progenitor1

Biology3

Transcriptional4

Cultures2

Proteins8

Gene expression4

Tissues8

Pluripotency2

Precursor3

Epithelial cells2

Expression8

Proliferation4

Ectoderm1

Vivo2

Organism2

Vasa5

Vascular1

Fate determination1

Genes7

Development7

MSCs6

Myeloid proge1

Tumor6

Regulate2

ESCs1

Protein3

Mitotic1

Potential of stem cells2

Mammalian1

Molecular2

Layer1

Tumors1

Fibroblasts2

Morphological2

Oligodendrocyte1

Skeletal1

Progenitor cell2

Populations2

Self-renewal3

Endodermal2

Cancer2

Genetic1