For 12 enrichments of tumor cells from whole blood and subsequent detection of prostate cancer-associated gene expression including AR-V7 expression. (qiagen.com)
AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 is a highly specific immunomagnetic cell-selection system for enriching circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood. (qiagen.com)
This allows sensitive analysis of prostate cancer-associated gene expression including AR-V7 detection in immunomagnetically enriched tumor cells by reverse transcription and PCR. (qiagen.com)
AdnaTest ProstateCancerSelect enables the immunomagnetic enrichment of tumor cells via epithelial and tumor associated antigens. (qiagen.com)
AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 contains Oligo (dT)25 Beads for the isolation of mRNA from the lysate of pre-enriched tumor cells. (qiagen.com)
Stiefel's thesis deals with detecting tumor features based on the automated isolation of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies and thus contributes significantly to establishing a platform technology of Fraunhofer IMM in applied research of liquid biopsy. (fraunhofer.de)
The defense of his dissertation on "Automated Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells and their Molecular Biological Analysis" took place on January 30, 2023 at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. (fraunhofer.de)
Cancer metastases descend from proliferative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which disseminate from the primary tumor via blood and lymph vessels. (fraunhofer.de)
Against this background, the Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems has recognized the unmet need of standardized CTC isolation and developed automated microfluidic platforms to enrich, detect and isolate single tumor cells from 7.5 mL whole blood. (fraunhofer.de)
An emerging method to detect metastasis is the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has shown promise in filling the gaps left by other diagnostic methods. (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs are tumor cells originating from primary sites or metastases that circulate in the patients' bloodstream and are very rarely found in healthy individuals ( 9 , 10 ) ( Figure 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Morphological-based isolation separates CTCs according to size discrepancies, using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) or according to density, using density-gradient separation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a "liquid biopsy" to interrogate the molecular profile of single patients is extremely encouraging, as these cells originate from primary tumor and metastatic sites, providing a comprehensive fingerprint of a given tumor at any time during the course of the disease with a simple blood draw [ 7 ] . (oaepublish.com)
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which is able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of (micro)metastases and at last, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
In the last decade, the detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood have demonstrated to provide useful information for the clinical management of BC by predicting treatment benefit earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
Liquid biopsy3
The detection of CTCs, or liquid biopsy, presents several advantages over traditional tissue biopsies. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this thesis was to realize single cell isolation by means of automated immunomagnetic bead enrichment and antibody-based fluorescence detection in a chip-based microfluidic system and the molecular biological characterization of these cells to assay tumor features from liquid biopsy. (fraunhofer.de)
Moreover, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a 'liquid biopsy', represents an attractive opportunity. (amegroups.org)
Enrichment6
The AdnaTest ProstateCancerSelect is used for the enrichment of CTCs from whole blood in prostate cancer research. (qiagen.com)
Therefore, this work compares manual and automated immunomagnetic enrichment in terms of cell recovery in dependency of cell line and input number, bead characteristics, biofunctionaliza-tion protocol and blood cell contamination focusing on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and metastatic breast cancer. (fraunhofer.de)
In a prototype enrichment device (IsoMAG), we established an isolation protocol with EpCAM-targeting 1 µm magnetic beads for automated enrichment tested on different epithelial cancer cell lines. (fraunhofer.de)
In the microfluidic benchtop platform CTCelect, we characterized each process step with two different carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, SCL-1) demon-strating up to 87 Percent enrichment, 73 percent optical detection and dispensing efficiency. (fraunhofer.de)
identified the molecular signatures of melanoma CTCs, after enrichment using the CTC-iCHIP. (nature.com)
CTCs are present in the bloodstream at a very low concentration, thus their detection and characterization require highly sensitive and specific methods, which consist of a combination of enrichment (isolation) and detection (identification) strategies ( Table 1 ) and both steps are essential components of the identification process ( 19 ). (amegroups.org)
Molecular5
AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 allows molecular characterization of CTCs using the Combination of Combinations Principle (COCP). (qiagen.com)
Subsequently, the AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 is used for molecular characterization by analyzing gene expression of AR-V7 and further prostate cancer associated genes. (qiagen.com)
Despite the high phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of melanoma CTCs, multimarker derived CTC scores could serve as viable tools for prognostication and treatment response monitoring in patients with metastatic melanoma. (nature.com)
Using CTC fractions isolated by Parsortix (Angle plc), we investigated the molecular heterogeneity of CTCs isolated from 43 blood samples from metastatic melanoma patients. (nature.com)
The implementation of molecular and genomic characterization of CTCs could contribute to improve the treatment selection and thus, to move toward more personalized treatments. (amegroups.org)
Antibody-based1
To explore the heterogeneity of CTCs, a number of antibody-based and transcript-based assays have been developed for detection of a broader range of melanoma CTCs. (nature.com)
Metastases1
CTCs can extravasate and become seeds for the subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastases) in distant organs, a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Microfluidic2
We highlighted the bottlenecks of microfluidic cell isolation in dependency of bead-binding on the cell surface and implemented a gating function for the cytometer subunit to selectively dispense cells instead of autofluorescent objects. (fraunhofer.de)
In this study, we compared the recovery and purity of melanoma cells isolated through different microfluidic devices, Parsortix (Angle plc, Surrey, United Kingdom) and ClearCell® FX1 system (Biolidics, Singapore), which enrich CTCs based on their differential cell size, density and deformability. (nature.com)
Metastatic5
To this end, technologies with the requisite sensitivity and reproducibility to detect CTCs in patients with metastatic disease have recently been developed. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of CTCs in 43 blood samples from patients with metastatic melanoma was evaluated using a combination of immunocytochemistry and transcript analyses of five genes by RT-PCR and 19 genes by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), whereby a CTC score was calculated. (nature.com)
CTCs are recognized as playing important roles in the metastasis of carcinomas ( 11 , 12 ) and their analysis enables the prediction of metastatic relapse and progression ( 11 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Although the improvements in BC detection and adjuvant treatments led to a significant decrease in BC-related deaths in the last two decades, about 30% of women initially diagnosed with early-stage cancer eventually develop metastatic disease. (amegroups.org)
Since CTCs are continuously released and destroyed, such CTMat accumulate and could represent an independent biomarker for the prognostication and monitoring of metastatic disease. (amegroups.org)
Prognostic2
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be assessed through a minimally invasive blood sample with potential utility as a predictive, prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the history and the current status of CTC detection, discuss the prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic capabilities of these technologies, and describe application of CTCs as models for the study of tumor biology. (amegroups.org)
Circulating3
Cytokeratin-negative CTCs are characterised by the lack of EpCAM or cytokeratins, which may indicate an undifferentiated phenotype (circulating cancer stem cells) or the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype (known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT). (wikipedia.org)
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), which are responsible for haematogenous spread of tumours, also reflect this heterogeneity. (nature.com)
A multimodal combination of circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), CTCs, proteomics, and CTC-derived xenografts (CDXs) to create computational models useful in diagnosis, prognostication, and predictiveness to treatment is likely the future of tailoring individualized cancer care. (amegroups.org)
Epithelial2
CTCs that originate from carcinomas (cancers of epithelial origin, which are the most prevalent) can be classified according to the expression of epithelial markers, as well as their size and whether they are apoptotic. (wikipedia.org)
CTCs can be isolated from patients' blood in the course of most cancers due to the ease of identification of the epithelial phenotype of the cancer. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Prostate cancer2
Currently, there is one FDA-approved method for CTC detection, CellSearch, which is used to diagnose breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. (wikipedia.org)
For example, one study involving prostate cancer showed an eight-fold longer mean survival rate for patients with only single CTCs versus those with CTC clusters, while other studies have shown similar correlations for colon cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Subpopulations2
Our analysis revealed an extraordinary heterogeneity amongst melanoma CTCs, with multiple non-overlapping subpopulations. (nature.com)
in this scenario, careful consideration must be given to the isolation approach, whereas methods that discriminate against certain subpopulations may result in the exclusion of CTCs that carry biological relevance. (oaepublish.com)
Clinical5
The large heterogeneity of melanoma CTCs has hindered their detection and clinical application. (nature.com)
Currently, detection of breast cancer metastasis relies on clinical manifestations of the spread to distant organs, biopsies of affected organs, radiological evaluations, imaging methods and serum tumor markers ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Thus, CTCs represent a valuable opportunity to personalize medicine in current clinical practice. (oaepublish.com)
This review describes the current state of the art on CTC detection strategies, the evidence to demonstrate their clinical validity, and their potential impact for both future clinical trial design and, decision-making process in our daily practice. (amegroups.org)
The aim of this review is to describe the current state of the art on CTCs detection and clinical use, the evidence to demonstrate their clinical validity, and their potential impact for both future clinical trial design and, decision-making process in our daily practice. (amegroups.org)
Apoptosis2
Apoptotic CTCs are traditional CTCs that are undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death). (wikipedia.org)
The apoptosis and necrosis processes of CTCs cause the leakage of intracellular components in the bloodstream, such as electrolytes, cellular debris, DNA, and chromatin. (amegroups.org)
Bloodstream1
In general, CTCs are anoikis-resistant, which means that they can survive in the bloodstream without attaching to a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Prediction2
Prospective studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of identifying and quantifying CTCs in the prediction of malignant tumour treatment outcomes, including cancers of the breast, colon and prostate (3). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Detection of breast cancer metastasis at the earliest stage is important for the management and prediction of breast cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
Beads1
The combination of highly specific immunomagnetic cell selection system (using the optimized antibody combination, see "A CTC captured by three antibodies coupled to magnetic beads ") and highly sensitive RT-PCR technology (using a combination of mRNA tumor markers) provides the highest degrees of analytical specificity and sensitivity. (qiagen.com)
Methods4
Nonetheless the small number of CTCs compared to billions of blood cells in a patient sample requires sensitive methods to obtain reproducible tumor cell recovery rates. (fraunhofer.de)
In this review, the current and novel methods for detection of breast cancer metastasis, as well as the mechanisms involved in metastasis and the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, are discussed. (iiarjournals.org)
Immunological techniques, which are the most widely used methods, employ immunomagnetic isolation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
After isolation, the source and genetic make-up of CTCs are characterized using nucleic acid-based methods, such as quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), or cytometric-based methods, such as flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot assay technology ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Cancer6
For example, analysis of blood samples from cancer patients has found a propensity for increased CTC detection as the disease progresses. (wikipedia.org)
Measuring the ratio of traditional CTC to apoptotic CTCs-from baseline to therapy-provides clues to treatment efficacy in targeting and killing cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, small CTCs have cancer-specific biomarkers that identify them as CTCs. (wikipedia.org)
These clusters have cancer-specific biomarkers that identify them as CTCs. (wikipedia.org)
CTCs are suspected of being instrumental for dissemination of the cancer during surgery, which involves mechanical manipulation and traumatisation of the primary tumour (5). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
In addition, ASCO also recommends mammography for the early detection of relapse in breast cancer ( 5 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Advantages1
Addition-ally, the platform was compared to commercial CTC isolation technologies to highlight advantages and limitations of CTCelect. (fraunhofer.de)
Blood4
On the other hand, CTCs are very rare, often present as only a few cells per milliliter of blood, which makes their detection challenging. (wikipedia.org)
Small CTCs are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative, but with sizes and shapes similar to white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
40 to 56.7 percent of cells were recovered after complete isolation from 7.5 mL untreated whole blood. (fraunhofer.de)
The heterogeneous expression of markers, together with their rare frequency (1-10 CTCs in 8 mL of blood) are the main intrinsic factors hampering CTC isolation and limiting in-depth study of these cells in patients with melanoma. (nature.com)
Analysis1
The detection and analysis of CTCs can assist early patient prognoses and determine appropriate tailored treatments. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
Reverse transcription results in cDNA, which is subsequently used as template for preamplification and tumor cell detection and characterization by qRT-PCR. (qiagen.com)
Small CTCs have been implicated in progressive disease and differentiation into small cell carcinomas, which often require a different therapeutic course. (wikipedia.org)
Small1
The CTC cluster may contain traditional, small or CK- CTCs. (wikipedia.org)
Combination1
The AdnaTest's successful CTC detection is based on the Combination of Combinations Principle (COCP). (qiagen.com)
Approach1
CTC detection using our multimarker approach was associated with shorter overall and progression-free survival. (nature.com)
Techniques1
Generally, CTCs are firstly isolated and enriched through either morphological or immunological techniques ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)