• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • Until recently, the principal source of human embryonic stem cells has been donated embryos from fertility clinics. (wikipedia.org)
  • In January 2007, researchers at Wake Forest University reported that "stem cells drawn from amniotic fluid donated by pregnant women hold much of the same promise as embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2000, the NIH, under the administration of President Bill Clinton, issued "guidelines that allow federal funding of embryonic stem-cell research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1998, privately funded research led to the breakthrough discovery of human Embryonic stem cells (hESC). (wikipedia.org)
  • In February 2001, George W. Bush requested a review of the NIH's guidelines, and after a policy discussion within his circle of supporters, implemented a policy in August of that year to limit the number of embryonic stem cell lines that could be used for research. (wikipedia.org)
  • In April 2004, 206 members of Congress, including many moderate Republicans, signed a letter urging President Bush to expand federal funding of embryonic stem cell research beyond what Bush had already supported. (wikipedia.org)
  • In May 2005, the House of Representatives voted 238-194 to loosen the limitations on federally funded embryonic stem-cell research - by allowing government-funded research on surplus frozen embryos from in vitro fertilization clinics to be used for stem cell research with the permission of donors - despite Bush's promise to veto if passed. (wikipedia.org)
  • On July 29, 2005, Senate Majority Leader William H. Frist (R-TN), announced that he too favored loosening restrictions on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Senate passed the first bill, 63-37, which would have made it legal for the Federal government to spend Federal money on embryonic stem cell research that uses embryos left over from in vitro fertilization procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The third bill would encourage research that would isolate pluripotent, i.e., embryonic-like, stem cells without the destruction of human embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
  • Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
  • How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
  • In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
  • Stem cell technologies have been dogged by controversy because of objections over the morality of sacrificing human embryos to produce the first human embryonic stem cell lines. (schlich.co.uk)
  • if you have a choice of starting material and are forced to use embryonic stem cells to carry out the invention, ensure you describe the use of embryonic stem cells from morally acceptable sources in your patent application. (schlich.co.uk)
  • The greater legal certainty provided by recent court cases means that patent rights, and the investment they attract, can be secured for human embryonic stem-cell based technologies. (schlich.co.uk)
  • Pluripotent stem cells can also be derived from Somatic cell nuclear transfer which is a laboratory technique where a clone embryo is created from a donor nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therapeutic Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create pluripotent stem cells suitable for growing tissues for implantation into the donor or other patient. (schlich.co.uk)
  • Five years later, the first successful human in vitro fertilization resulted in the birth of Louise Brown in England. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1995, the NIH Human Embryo Research Panel advised the administration of President Bill Clinton to permit federal funding for research on embryos left over from in vitro fertility treatments and also recommended federal funding of research on embryos specifically created for experimentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In response to the panel's recommendations, the Clinton administration, citing moral and ethical concerns, declined to fund research on embryos created solely for research purposes, but did agree to fund research on left-over embryos created by in vitro fertility treatments. (wikipedia.org)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
  • Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
  • and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)
  • Reproductive Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create a new human genetically identical to the donor. (schlich.co.uk)
  • One such concern is the possibility of altering the capacities or consciousness of a research animal in ways that may blur the lines between human beings and nonhuman animals. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
  • II - from embryos that have been frozen for 3 (three) years or more, as of the date of publication of this Law, or that were frozen at the date of publication of this Law, after 3 (three) year period has lapsed, as of the date when it was actually frozen. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • As explained in Chapter 2 , human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras provide new models for such conditions and may lead to new knowledge about brain development and function, the discovery of disease mechanisms, new therapeutic targets, and better screening of potential new treatments. (nationalacademies.org)
  • But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
  • Some of these concerns, such as ensuring the welfare of research animals and obtaining appropriate consent for the use of human tissues, also apply to many other areas of research, but may require special consideration for research with human neural organoids, cell transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Given the complexity of the human brain and the particularly human nature of many key symptoms of these disorders, especially psychiatric disorders, animal and cell culture models of the types currently used to investigate diseases of other organs and tissues are valuable but inadequate. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
  • Stem cell technologies promise to be the next transformative medical technology offering therapies for conditions and diseases that are currently beyond medical science by creating replacement or supplementary tissues for a patient. (schlich.co.uk)
  • reagents made using a patient's own cells used to regenerate disease or damaged tissues 14,15 , once the stuff of science fiction, may become science fact. (schlich.co.uk)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
  • For example, mouse models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases fail to capture key features because the diseases typically strike humans in their 60s and 70s, whereas mice live for only 2 or 3 years. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Stem cells offer the prospect of treatments for diseases and injuries that are currently beyond medical science. (schlich.co.uk)
  • Stem cells may underpin the next generation of pharmaceuticals, with even greater promise for successful treatment of diseases that are intractable or scarcely treatable now. (schlich.co.uk)
  • Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
  • We now see a patent landscape where stem cell technologies and related therapies can, with very few exceptions, be protected via patents, provided the appropriate form of claim wording is used. (schlich.co.uk)
  • Stem cell treatments are a type of cell therapy that introduce new cells into adult bodies for possible treatment of cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders and other medical conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ethical issues common to human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras include (1) the ethical value of relieving human suffering and disease, (2) concerns about encroachment on divine roles, and (3) ethical issues related to human donors of biological materials. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Stem cells have been used to repair tissue damaged by disease or age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • A main justification for carrying out research, both basic and translational, with human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras is that it will help in the discovery of new ways to understand and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, which, as discussed previously, cause immense suffering and for which treatments are ineffective or lacking. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Stem cell technology is the latest development in this controversial branch of science. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, the first source of stem cell technology is controversial. (schlich.co.uk)
  • These stem cells can differentiate into all other cells in the human body and are the subject of much scientific research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
  • As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
  • They were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, since they must be derived from early human embryos their production and use in research has been a hotly debated topic. (wikipedia.org)
  • These developments prompted the federal government to create regulations barring the use of federal funds for research that experimented on human embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • At this point, the Congress intervened and passed the Dickey-Wicker Amendment in 1995 (the final bill, which included the Dickey Amendment, was signed into law by Bill Clinton) which prohibited any federal funding for the Department of Health and Human Services be used for research that resulted in the destruction of an embryo regardless of the source of that embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • No federal law ever did ban stem cell research in the United States, but only placed restrictions on funding and use, under Congress's power to spend. (wikipedia.org)
  • On July 18, 2006, the Senate passed three different bills concerning stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research involving human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras has an ultimate goal of preventing and treating the great suffering caused by serious neurological and psychiatric conditions for which no effective treatment is available. (nationalacademies.org)
  • And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
  • Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • In particular the European Patent Office, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Japan Patent Office and State Intellectual Property Office of China have published guidelines covering patenting of stem cell technologies in the light of recent decisions. (schlich.co.uk)
  • The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)
  • Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Honeycomb Game is a word-building game: make words by clicking on cells in the honeycomb below. (claylane.uk)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Potency is a measure of a cell's differentiation potential, or the number of other cell types that can be made from that stem cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keep doing this until you have made a continuous chain of touching cells, forming a word of three letters or more. (claylane.uk)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Every letter carries a certain number of points (much as in Scrabble) and the darker-shaded cells bring a bonus. (claylane.uk)
  • Stem cell laws and policy in the United States have had a complicated legal and political history. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chapter 2 presents the science behind these models and describes the challenges of measuring and monitoring such characteristics and capacities in human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Patent law around the world has now developed to define the boundaries between stem cell technologies that can be patented and those that cannot. (schlich.co.uk)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)