CDKsKinaseMitosisProteasomal destructionSubstratesProteinCDK1PromotesCentrosomeMammalsTumorSubstrateUbiquitinCellularRegulateProteinsCell divisionBoneCellsComplexMultipleFunctionStageIncludeKinasesProteolysisAnaphaseChromosome segregationInactivationRegulatorsSpindleMechanismsCdc20YeastFunctionalCellRegulationSingleActivity
CDKs3
- Paradoxically, progression deeper into cell cycle arrest was accompanied by increases in proliferative effectors such as CDKs and cyclins, which can drive cell cycle re-entry by overcoming p21 induction. (bvsalud.org)
- Cell cycle regulation is largely based on protein phospho-dephosphorylation events, catalyzed by cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and phosphatases (PPases), respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
- These changes are orchestrated by a small number of master regulators, including the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Each Cdk or APC/C isoform has a large number of substrates, and the substrates of each isoform are modified in a specific order that leads to sequential substrate activation or inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinase4
- Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
- Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)
- The activator Cdc20 is then replaced by a second activator, Cdh1, and APC/C Cdh1 promotes complete degradation of M cyclin, followed by polo-like kinase 1, Aurora A, and other substrates, to complete mitosis and cytokinesis and drive progression into G1 [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase activity is frequently deregulated in human cancers, resulting in impaired apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
Mitosis4
- For example, mitotic cyclins required for the induction of mitosis (or mitosis) remain long-lived throughout the cell cycle, but are destined for abrupt degradation at the end of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
- During G2 and early mitosis, CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation activates CDK1/cyclin complexes which phosphorylate several substrates that trigger at least centrosome separation, Golgi dynamics, nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation. (arigobio.cn)
- In mitosis, it forms the two poles of the mitotic spindle upon which chromosomes are segregated. (le.ac.uk)
- ii) the specific destruction of Nek2A by the proteasome in early mitosis. (le.ac.uk)
Proteasomal destruction1
- Silencing of the SAC during metaphase activates the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome) and results in the proteasomal destruction of the separase inhibitor securin 1 . (nature.com)
Substrates2
- Depending on how APC/C Cdc20 is partitioned among its substrates, competition can have minor or major effects on the degradation of certain substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
- The degradation timing of APC/C Cdc20 substrates depends on the multi-step nature of ubiquitination, differences in substrate-APC/C Cdc20 interactions, and competition among substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein8
- The amino-terminal rule means that the degradation rate of a protein, that is, the half-life of a protein, varies depending on what the amino-terminal amino acid residue is. (wikipedia.org)
- This destruction follows ubiquitylation by the APC/C-Cdc20 complex and depends on a novel destruction motif which is highly related to the extended D box present in cyclin A. Previous work has indicated that Nek2 may regulate centrosome cohesion through phosphorylation of the core centrosomal protein C-Nap1. (le.ac.uk)
- Here, we show that cyclin E/Cdk2 phosphorylates and stabilizes the pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1, a key cell death resistance determinant to the small molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitors ABT-199 and ABT-737, mimetics of the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3). (oncotarget.com)
- Cyclin E depletion in various human tumor cell-lines and cyclin E -/- mouse embryo fibroblasts showed decreased levels of Mcl-1 protein, with no change in Mcl-1 mRNA levels. (oncotarget.com)
- In the absence of cyclin E, Mcl-1 ubiquitination was enhanced, leading to decreased protein stability. (oncotarget.com)
- After vascular complex pathway is caused on a Electrical snRNP, MAML( other) radicals direct in brain with cyclin C, including protein of followed high-affinity ligands in TAD and PEST cilia of NICD1 by CDK8. (evakoch.com)
- Homo sapiens BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein (BUB3), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (dbcls.jp)
- The level of protein phosphorylation at specific sites varies from less than 1% to greater than 90%, depending on conditions [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CDK12
- Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)
- CDK1/CDC2-cyclin-B controls pronuclear union in interphase fertilized eggs. (arigobio.cn)
Promotes2
- Activated APC promotes proteolysis of mitotic cyclins and metaphase-late transition regulators. (wikipedia.org)
- promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. (arigobio.cn)
Centrosome1
- Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
Mammals1
- After this initial stage of maternal control, which lasts for 1-2 mitotic divisions in mammals and 13 mitotic divisions in Drosophila, widespread transcription begins from the zygotic nuclei ( Tadros and Lipshitz, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)
Tumor2
- Non-canonical, β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling is proposed to have a multifunctional role in tumorigenesis, being either tumor supportive or suppressive depending on tumorstage and tumortype 9 . (nature.com)
- Cyclin E knock-down restored ABT-737 sensitivity to acquired and inherently resistant Mcl-1-dependent tumor cells. (oncotarget.com)
Substrate2
- Degradation timing and dynamics depend on substrate affinity for the enzyme as well as the catalytic rate at which the substrate is modified. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition to its effects on dMyc, Puf regulates both Ago and its cell cycle substrate Cyclin E. Therefore, Puf influences cell growth by controlling the stability of key regulatory proteins. (silverchair.com)
Ubiquitin2
- UBD acts like ubiquitin, by covalently modifying proteins and tagging them for destruction in the proteasome. (wikipedia.org)
- The APC/C is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that drives mitotic progression by promoting timely degradation of key regulatory proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular1
- Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics have been shown to be involved in the mitigation of tumour cell escape from immune-mediated cellular destruction conducted by the tumour microenvironment [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulate1
- Later on, during late anaphase PP2A regulate the mitotic exit network (MEN in budding yeast or SIN in fission yeast). (encyclopedia.pub)
Proteins1
- It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. (lookformedical.com)
Cell division1
- Shugoshin-2 is essential for the completion of meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice. (nature.com)
Bone1
- Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs: cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract and hair follicles. (worldsbest.rehab)
Cells2
- Cyclin E levels were elevated and there was increased association of cyclin E/Cdk2 with Mcl-1 in ABT-737-resistant compared to parental cells. (oncotarget.com)
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
Complex1
- Axin1 and GSK3β are recruited to the receptor complex upon Wnt stimulation and this leads to a breakdown of the destruction complex and β-catenin stabilization. (nature.com)
Multiple1
- Inflammatory bowel disease : may need immunostains to differentiate Dig Dis Sci MALT lymphoma : may present as multiple lymphomatoid polyposis but has lymphoepithelial lesions and is negative for CD5 and cyclin D1 Multiple lymphoid polyps : benign germinal centers in children, patients with Gardner's syndrome Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia : benign, associated with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. (hydeband.co.uk)
Function1
- The first described mitotic function of PP2A Cdc55 was its role in the activation of the phosphatase Cdc14 during anaphase. (encyclopedia.pub)
Stage1
- The efficiency of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. (worldsbest.rehab)
Include1
- These include the destruction of parasitized erythrocytes, ineffective erythropoiesis or dyserythropoiesis, and immunity associated with disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinases4
- Regulation of B-type cyclin proteolysis by Cdc28-associated kinases in budding yeast. (vt.edu)
- Cdc6 cooperates with Sic1 and Hct1 to inactivate mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases. (vt.edu)
- Cell cycle regulation is largely based on protein phospho-dephosphorylation events, catalyzed by cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and phosphatases (PPases), respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins represent an ancient molecular module that drives and regulates cell cycle progression. (prolekarniky.cz)
Proteolysis1
- Activated APC promotes proteolysis of mitotic cyclins and metaphase-late transition regulators. (wikipedia.org)
Anaphase6
- 3. APC/C Cdh1 targets aurora kinase to control reorganization of the mitotic spindle at anaphase. (nih.gov)
- 7. Destruction box-dependent degradation of aurora B is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Cdh1. (nih.gov)
- 14. The spindle checkpoint functions of Mad3 and Mad2 depend on a Mad3 KEN box-mediated interaction with Cdc20-anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). (nih.gov)
- Pds1p of budding yeast has dual roles: inhibition of anaphase initiation and regulation of mitotic exit. (vt.edu)
- Later on, during late anaphase PP2A regulate the mitotic exit network (MEN in budding yeast or SIN in fission yeast). (encyclopedia.pub)
- The first described mitotic function of PP2A Cdc55 was its role in the activation of the phosphatase Cdc14 during anaphase. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosome segregation1
- While A2 cyclins are important for chromosome segregation, CYCB3;1 prevents ectopic cell wall formation. (prolekarniky.cz)
Inactivation1
- 6. Orderly inactivation of the key checkpoint protein mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) during mitotic progression. (nih.gov)
Regulators1
- Orchestrating the cell cycle in yeast: sequential localization of key mitotic regulators at the spindle pole and the bud neck. (vt.edu)
Spindle4
- 16. The APC/C maintains the spindle assembly checkpoint by targeting Cdc20 for destruction. (nih.gov)
- 20. Orchestration of the spindle assembly checkpoint by CDK1-cyclin B1. (nih.gov)
- The spindle checkpoint of budding yeast depends on a tight complex between the Mad1 and Mad2 proteins. (vt.edu)
- PP2A Cdc55 prevents the untimely activation of the mitotic exit in different ways: by the adaptation to the spindle assembly checkpoint, regulating the cohesin cleavage and by inhibiting Cdc14 release from the nucleolus ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
Mechanisms3
- 10. Roles of different pools of the mitotic checkpoint complex and the mechanisms of their disassembly. (nih.gov)
- Mechanisms that help the yeast cell cycle clock tick: G2 cyclins transcriptionally activate G2 cyclins and repress G1 cyclins. (vt.edu)
- Our preliminary data have shown that serially passaged (SP) MRV strains (T1L SP, R2 SP) are more effective in decreasing MCF-7 paclitaxel resistant (TaxR) cells viability and inhibiting tumorsphere formation compared to the parental (P) strains (T1L P, R2 P). MRV induces cell death by different mechanisms (apoptosis, necroptosis) depending on the cell type. (umn.edu)
Cdc201
- 2. Role of phosphorylation of Cdc20 in p31(comet)-stimulated disassembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex. (nih.gov)
Yeast1
- G1 cyclin turnover and nutrient uptake are controlled by a common pathway in yeast. (vt.edu)
Functional2
- 17. BUBR1 and closed MAD2 (C-MAD2) interact directly to assemble a functional mitotic checkpoint complex. (nih.gov)
- Our phenotypic and expression data provide extensive evidence that multiplication of cyclins is in plants accompanied by functional diversification. (prolekarniky.cz)
Cell2
- Many of these cyclins exhibit cell-type-specific expression in vegetative tissues and distinct subcellular localization. (prolekarniky.cz)
- Analysis of plants carrying cyclin SDS with an introduced D-box motif determined that, in addition to its function in recombination, SDS acts together with CYCB3;1 in suppressing unscheduled cell wall synthesis. (prolekarniky.cz)
Regulation1
- Feedback regulation of the MBF transcription factor by cyclin Cig2. (vt.edu)
Single1
- We found six A-type cyclins and a single B-type cyclin (CYCB3;1) to be expressed in male meiosis. (prolekarniky.cz)
Activity1
- Other corroborative evidence of malignancy such as necrosis and increased mitotic activity can also be seen. (medscape.com)