• Workers in industries that use these agents may have occupational exposure, whereas other individuals may have environmental exposures if they live near industrial installations and/or have contact with contaminated water, soil, air, or food. (medscape.com)
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates worker exposure. (medscape.com)
  • However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to silicosis, scientific evidence indicates that occupational exposure to crystalline silica puts workers at increased risk for other serious health conditions: chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer, kidney and connective tissue disease, and tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • While no reported cases of silicosis in the U.S. have been linked to quartz surfacing materials, recent research indicates that exposures to silica-containing dust while working with these materials may approach or exceed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) current Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) (Phillips et al. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases caused by dust and fiber exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma is associated with environmental and occupational exposure to certain mineral fibers, especially asbestos. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis Descriptive analyses of awareness, receptivity, and agreement with tobacco-related beliefs. (rti.org)
  • Analyses were based on those who had complete exposure, outcome and covariate data (n=2949). (bmj.com)
  • Descriptive and survival analyses were conducted. (cdc.gov)
  • The main goal was to investigate the potential of a probabilistic approach for exposure assessment and use this information to evaluate the impact of a complex of policy actions/interventions on dermal exposure to antineoplastic agents among oncology nurses. (bmj.com)
  • A task based exposure model was used to estimate dermal exposure of the hands among oncology nurses in non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
  • However frequencies of occurrence of individuals with very high and very low total dermal exposures decreased substantially in the post-intervention situation. (bmj.com)
  • Pesticide poisoning in Chitwan, Nepal: A descriptive epidemiological study. (springer.com)
  • Conclusions These epidemiological findings support the hypothesis that air pollution exposures after lung cancer diagnosis shorten survival. (bmj.com)
  • Rationale Exposure to ambient air pollutants has been associated with increased lung cancer incidence and mortality, but due to the high case fatality rate, little is known about the impacts of air pollution exposures on survival after diagnosis. (bmj.com)
  • We aimed to determine whether prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants was associated with maternal depression at 12 months after childbirth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Data was collected with the help of 2 sets of questionnaire first to assess the knowledge of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS and to identify the study subjects who had suspected exposure and second questionnaire to describe the experiences who had suspected exposure among nursing students. (allresearchjournal.com)
  • Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs relating air pollutant exposures to all-cause mortality overall and stratified by stage (localised only, regional and distant site) and histology (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and others) at diagnosis, adjusting for potential individual and area-level confounders. (bmj.com)
  • Does exposure to ambient air pollution after diagnosis of lung cancer affect survival? (bmj.com)
  • Patients with lung cancer, with higher average ambient NO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposures since diagnosis, had shorter survival, with the largest differences in survival for patients with early-stage non-small cell cancers (particularly adenocarcinomas). (bmj.com)
  • This is the first study to link individual-level estimates of air pollution exposures after lung cancer diagnosis to survival, and the study population was the population-based sample of 352 053 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer during 1988-2009 in California, as ascertained by the California Cancer Registry. (bmj.com)
  • Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a clinically descriptive diagnosis that refers to an uncommon, poorly understood inflammatory disorder of the lower lip. (medscape.com)
  • High pesticide exposure events among farmers and spouses enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. (springer.com)
  • Pesticide exposure, Safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. (springer.com)
  • Numerous related issues--such as the epidemiologic workup of infectious disease outbreaks, the assessment of the health effects of environmental exposures, the prospective detection of clusters, and the investigation of interpersonal networks--are not addressed. (cdc.gov)
  • The present study shows that the probabilistic approach adds valuable information to deterministic exposure assessment, especially when extrapolating data on a subpopulation to populations of individuals at large. (bmj.com)
  • and were more likely to be in poorer mental health, obese, have more lost workdays, more bed days, and comorbidities compared to workers with asthma alone and workers with COPD alone.Conclusion: Higher ACO prevalence among worker groups and increased healthcare utilization underscores the need for early identification of asthma and COPD, assessment of potential workplace exposures, and implementation of tailored interventions to reduce ACO among working adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Yet data have been unavailable to investigate links between exposure to foreign influence campaigns and political behavior. (nature.com)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers, led by Kim Anderson, Ph.D., used silicone wristbands that capture personal exposures to investigate differences and trends in chemical mixtures in North America, South America, and Africa. (nih.gov)
  • ATSDR's mission is to serve the public by using the best science, taking responsive public health actions, and providing trusted health information to prevent harmful exposures and diseases related to toxic substances. (cdc.gov)
  • These boundary files can then be used to evaluate variables of interest (e.g., estimating the number of persons residing within a particular area or examining the extent of contamination from a harmful exposure) ( Figure 17.1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. (allresearchjournal.com)
  • Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis test. (bvsalud.org)
  • Environmental exposures can be external factors such as sunlight, chemical pollutants, diet, and social interactions, or internal factors, such as stress or metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • This study aimed to determine whether ambient air pollutant exposures are associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer. (bmj.com)
  • This is a descriptive study aimed at determining community nurses' perceptions regarding disability and their exposure to CSDs. (ajol.info)
  • 353 Chinese mainland female and 142 male young adults completed online questionnaires consisting of demographic information, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0), and items relating to online media exposure and weight and fitness management app use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: The two-pronged approach of literature review and survey questionnaire was used to deduce the effects of mercury exposure and poisoning using 68 respondents with 1 - 6 years of working experience in the sector. (researchgate.net)
  • Accumulating evidence suggests that blast exposures can result in negative effects on the brain in absence of a medically diagnosable injury ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that pregnancy is a vulnerable window of exposure for later maternal health effects [ 14 ] including depression and other mental health disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic silicosis typically develops over 10 or more years of exposure to low levels of respirable crystalline silica. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been influenced by years of exposure to English Literature, so, I hope my writing connects with my readers mentally, physically and emotionally. (jamaicaobserver.com)
  • A study that uses (a) biomedical testing or (b) the measurement of a substance [an analyte ], its metabolite , or another marker of exposure in human body fluids or tissues to confirm human exposure to a hazardous substance [also see exposure investigation ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Standard mapping techniques will produce informative visualizations and provide orientation for studying the location, the physical attributes of the investigation area, and descriptive characteristics of the population(s) of interest. (cdc.gov)
  • In some cases, these exposures were estimated to be below acceptable levels, as designated in regulations for workers. (medscape.com)
  • These overexposures would indicate U.S. workers in this industry are at risk of developing silicosis as well as the other multiple health conditions associated with silica exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 Furthermore, studies have shown that the exposure of oil and gas workers to high levels of mercury could result in acute and chronic illnesses depending on the type, concentration, and exposure duration of mercury. (researchgate.net)
  • This study examines the occurrence, exposure, and symptoms of mercury on the health and safety of oil and gas workers in Oman. (researchgate.net)
  • Exposure science is the study of our contact, such as by swallowing, breathing, or touching, with environmental factors and their effects on the human body. (nih.gov)
  • The exposome is the sum of all environmental exposures and our body's response to those exposures across the lifespan. (nih.gov)
  • Understanding the human exposome is important because common illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, may result from multiple and varied environmental exposures over time, as well as interactions between those exposures and your genes. (nih.gov)
  • These results underscore the need to better understand the contribution of modifiable environmental risk factors during potentially critical exposure periods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VCE recommendations regarding laser eye exposures and injuries are primarily for Military Health System first responders, emergency care, and primary care providers. (health.mil)
  • The results of the analysis show that the interventions did not affect the median exposure. (bmj.com)
  • Further it revealed that Mild exposure was observed among 79.40% study subject followed by 13.62% of moderate exposure, 0.33% had severe exposure and 6.64% had no exposure. (allresearchjournal.com)
  • The nature of low to moderate level blast exposure, or repeated exposures, inherently captures individuals with no detriment to performance or health, as well as those with some mild deteriorations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of the 235 exposures followed to a known outcome, 136 (58%) were moderate or major. (confex.com)
  • Monte Carlo simulation was used to integrate information from available (exposure) studies and generate exposure distributions for the total population of oncology nurses in both pre- and post-intervention situation. (bmj.com)
  • The results show that the identified changes in the past decade in Dutch non-academic hospitals resulted in changes in the exposure distribution of antineoplastic agents among oncology nurses. (bmj.com)
  • Further, the focus here is overpressure exposure at a sub-concussive level, rather than a level of exposure that directly results in diagnosable injury from a single blast event. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective was to assess the level of exposure of final year medical students of a Nigerian medical school to basic practical skills. (bvsalud.org)
  • Psychological and experimental research have each shown links between exposure to nature and both stress reduction and attention restoration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A study that evaluates the association between exposure to hazardous substances and disease by testing scientific hypotheses. (cdc.gov)
  • Purpose To determine the association between exposure to FDA's Fresh Empire tobacco public education campaign and tobacco-related beliefs. (rti.org)
  • The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to public natural space and positive emotional well-being among young adolescent Canadians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using longitudinal survey data from US respondents linked to their Twitter feeds, we quantify the relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and attitudes and voting behavior in the 2016 US election. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we find no evidence of a meaningful relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and changes in attitudes, polarization, or voting behavior. (nature.com)
  • Contact with a substance that occurs once or for only a short time (up to 14 days) [compare with intermediate duration exposure and chronic exposure ]. (cdc.gov)
  • A theoretical risk for getting cancer if exposed to a substance every day for 70 years (a lifetime exposure). (cdc.gov)
  • Research in this field aims to determine the types, levels, and combinations of exposures people experience and how those exposures affect human health and disease over a lifetime. (nih.gov)
  • Our data suggest that exposure to air pollution at the workplace in vendors could lead to allergic rhinitis. (scirp.org)
  • Following overpressure exposures, participants in these studies reported elevated negative symptomology and exhibited declines in neurocognitive performance. (frontiersin.org)
  • PCs track exposures reported by the public and health care professionals using a standardized electronic data set that is uploaded to the American Association of Poison Control Center's National Poison Data System (NPDS) every 19 minutes. (confex.com)
  • NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers uncovered personal chemical exposure trends, including detection of 191 unique chemicals. (nih.gov)
  • Our objective was to compare rates of drug exposure between preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia based on respiratory support status at or beyond 36 weeks post-menstrual age. (nih.gov)
  • Congenital Malformations Associated with Prenatal Drug Exposure in Newborns in Kentucky, 2009-2013. (uky.edu)
  • We demonstrate, first, that exposure to Russian disinformation accounts was heavily concentrated: only 1% of users accounted for 70% of exposures. (nature.com)
  • I believe my writing style is contemporary, heavily descriptive and stylistic. (jamaicaobserver.com)
  • This group of people was chosen because, based on extant literature, they are primarily at risk of Mercury exposure. (researchgate.net)
  • Results also suggested inadequate efforts in both audiometric testing and minimizing risk after excessive noise exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • 2010). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure standard mammogram form and the interactive kinase in response to estradiol in breast cancer in oesophageal tissue and risk of oesophageal threshold measurement methods. (who.int)
  • METHODS: NPDS was queried for 2010 closed, human exposures to at least one of five substances: bath salts (slang term) , 4-Methylmethcathinone, 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrovalerone, synthetic cathinone derivatives, or synthetic cathinones. (confex.com)
  • Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. (bvsalud.org)
  • The relationship between online media exposure and disordered eating symptoms has been reported in western regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aims to evaluate the association between online media exposure or weight and fitness management app use and disordered eating symptoms in Chinese mainland young adults, and the mediation effect of disordered eating cognition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through correlation analysis, the relationship between online media exposure or weight and fitness management app use and disordered eating symptoms was examined, separately by sex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Online media exposure and weight and fitness management app use play a crucial role in the generation of disordered eating symptoms in Chinese mainland young adults, especially in females. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two recent studies showed that gestational exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM 2.5 ] was associated with increased postpartum depressive symptoms [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTSD is common following a wide variety of traumas, including combat exposure, vehicle accidents, sexual assault, and interpersonal violence. (nature.com)
  • Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] A photic sneeze results from exposure to a bright light and is the most common manifestation of the photic sneeze reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a study published in 2012, researchers in Israel found 25 patients referred to their National Lung Transplantation Program with silicosis who shared a common exposure history. (cdc.gov)
  • In a new study , funded in part by the Oregon State University Superfund Research Program (SRP) Center, researchers identified common chemical exposure trends in 14 communities across three continents. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with cigarettes, G2 and G3 e-cigarettes resulted in significantly lower levels of exposure to a potent lung carcinogen and cardiovascular toxicant. (bmj.com)
  • Laser exposures can damage the eyes, potentially leading to sudden loss of sight. (health.mil)
  • The Defense Health Agency's Vision Center of Excellence has issued initial recommendations for eye evaluation and treatment of service members after a suspected laser exposure. (health.mil)
  • A medical or epidemiologic evaluation of one person or a small group of people to gather information about specific health conditions and past exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • In many instances, the health agency will not be able to demonstrate an excess of the condition in question or establish an etiologic linkage to an exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • When an excess is confirmed, the likelihood of establishing a definitive cause-and-effect relationship between the health event and an exposure is slight. (cdc.gov)
  • Short-term, high-level exposures such as those frequently reported in case reports can result in acute reversible and irreversible health effects that involve the CNS and PNS. (medscape.com)
  • The effects of these sub-concussive blast exposures are gaining attention in research and military communities concentrating on repeated exposures, deteriorated performance, and long-term health consequences. (frontiersin.org)
  • To prioritize drugs for rigorous efficacy and safety testing, it is important to describe exposure patterns in this population. (nih.gov)
  • The review set comprises primarily longitudinal studies, with several cross-sectional studies using retrospective measures of childhood nature exposure. (mdpi.com)
  • Future studies should evaluate the impacts of exposure reduction. (bmj.com)
  • The study compared chemical exposure patterns across different geographic and demographic groups. (nih.gov)
  • However, high levels of exposure can cause faster development of the disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Graphs and descriptive statistics of the simulated exposure distributions were used to evaluate trends in population exposure. (bmj.com)
  • Hazard alerts published in California and Washington State described exposure to silica dust and other hazards related to fabrication of granite and natural stone products and provided dust control recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that equals the sum of responses of all the individual substances added together [compare with antagonistic effect and synergistic effect ]. (cdc.gov)
  • A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than would be expected if the known effects of the individual substances were added together [compare with additive effect and synergistic effect ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Measuring hazardous substances in biologic materials (such as blood, hair, urine, or breath) to determine whether exposure has occurred. (cdc.gov)
  • the objects, substances, equipment, and other factors that were responsible for the injury or illness incurred by the worker or that precipitated the event or exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In population studies, intermediate- and long-term, low-level exposures have led to reversible and nonreversible subclinical and clinical abnormalities in the CNS and PNS. (medscape.com)
  • In such cases, the main effect of laser exposure is retina inflammation due to "absorption of energy by the retinal pigment epithelium," said Dr. Felix Barker, VCE's associate director for research. (health.mil)
  • A study that compares exposures of people who have a disease or condition (cases) with people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). (cdc.gov)
  • Staff members in medical ward were informed about exposure by 26% exposed cases. (allresearchjournal.com)
  • Cases were summarized using descriptive statistics. (confex.com)
  • While the main effect of most low-level laser exposures is a temporary flash blindness, which recovers quickly without treatment, some individuals experience a lasting visual injury. (health.mil)
  • We tested the efficacy of virtual reality exposure (VRE) or prolonged imaginal exposure (PE), augmented with D-cycloserine (DCS) for combat-related PTSD. (nature.com)
  • 18,19 Similarly, mercury exposure poses a significantly higher threat to the oil and gas industry when compared to other hazards. (researchgate.net)
  • Scientists seek to better understand how various types of exposures are transported across land, air, and water and, upon contact with people, transformed within our bodies. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of the effect of pregnancy showed that pregnancy is very unlikely to influence exposure or any of the key input variables. (bmj.com)
  • Analysis was performed Vickers microhardness of resins each week exposure. (bvsalud.org)