• More than 50 kinds of sialic acid are known, all of which can be obtained from a molecule of neuraminic acid by substituting its amino group or one of its hydroxyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sialic acid family includes many derivatives of the nine-carbon sugar neuraminic acid, but these acids rarely appear free in nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acids are substituted neuraminic acid derivatives which are typically found at the outermost end of glycan chains on the membrane in all cell types. (iospress.com)
  • The term sialic acid includes derivatives of neuraminic acid that are N- or O-acetylated. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Characteristic of the sialic acid storage disease, which is also referred to as neuraminic acid storage disease, is a functional restriction or a total loss of function of the transport protein sialin. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Life expectancy in the infantile form of neuraminic acid storage disease is usually just a few years. (medicinelearners.com)
  • A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • N-acetylneuraminic acid is an N-acyl derivative of neuraminic or acid amino sugar derivative, derived from N-acetylmannosamine and pyruvic acid. (goldbio.com)
  • Sialic acids occur under differently substituted forms, all derived from the neuraminic acid (Neu) parent molecule, like for example, the N-acetylated variant (Neu5Ac), which is the most abundant, or the N-glycolylated derivative (Neu5Gc), which cannot be synthesized by humans (Figure 1). (glycopedia.eu)
  • The most abundant sialic acids : the neuraminic acid and its N-acetyl and N-glycolyl derivatives (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, respectively). (glycopedia.eu)
  • Sialic Acid/N-acetylneuraminic acid ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa N- kapa O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, e robong carbon monosaccharide.Hape ke lebitso la setho se tloaelehileng sa sehlopha sena, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac kapa NANA) mme lena ke lebitso le sebelisoang ke CIMA. (zhuoerchem.com)
  • Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone and are found widely distributed in animal tissues and to a lesser extent in some other organisms, ranging from fungi,plants,yeasts and bacteria, mostly in glycoproteins and gangliosides. (biochemistryconferences.com)
  • These enzymes can be used for chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialic acid derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common member of this group is N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) found in animals and some prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neu5Ac, NeuGc, KDN and their O -acetyl derivatives can each be analyzed by this method. (takarabio.com)
  • The sialic acid (Sia) N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated derivative N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) differ by one oxygen atom. (nuigalway.ie)
  • Common forms include N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). (cabio.com)
  • A cooperative and competitive interaction between multiple enzymes, cell lines, and cell culture conditions causes processing of the oligosaccharide structure during which some of the already attached moieties like mannose are trimmed to yield a fiveâ residue core (Man3GlcNAc2), to which N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) residues get added in a probabilistic fashion. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of transmembrane proteins able to recognize sialic acids, nine-carbon atoms sugars highly expressed on the cell surface and one of the major components of the glycocalix. (glycopedia.eu)
  • Carbohydrates so far synthesized are sugers (L-nucleosides, etc.), deoxyamino sugars and their derivatives (D-ManNAc, zanamivir-related sialic acids), and oligosaccharides, such as LeX. (keio.ac.jp)
  • Like amino acids and nucleic acids, sugars are the major contributors in nature many natural products contain oligosaccharides that are important for their biological and biochemical activity and carbohydrates have major roles in a wider range of biological processes including signal transduction mechanisms and immune responses. (biochemistryconferences.com)
  • We are presently mainly working on the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and bacterial sialic acid uptake mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • This study represents the first example and a promising lead in developing sialic acid uptake inhibitors as novel antibacterial agents. (edu.au)
  • A bacterial enzyme with sialic acid mutarotase activity, NanM, that is able to rapidly equilibrate solutions of sialic acid to the resting equilibrium position of around 90% beta/10% alpha has been discovered. (wikipedia.org)
  • In bacterial systems, sialic acids can be also biosynthesized by an aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • For axenic growth under laboratory conditions, it specifically relies on the external supply of N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan (PGN) of bacterial cell walls. (karger.com)
  • Here, we report the structure-based drug design, synthesis, and evaluation in vitro and in cellular systems of sialic acid derivatives able to inhibit the bacterial sialic acid symporter SiaT. (edu.au)
  • Sialic acid can "hide" mannose antigens on the surface of host cells or bacteria from mannose-binding lectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 6 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 10 (SIGLEC10) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 10 (SIGLEC10) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
  • In contrast to other animals, humans are genetically unable to produce the sialic acid variant N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). (wikipedia.org)
  • This linkage is prominent in polysialic acid (polySia), a molecule with critical roles in vertebrate neural development. (nuigalway.ie)
  • Sialic acid is a crucial molecule for cellular recognition and signaling due to its chemical properties. (cabio.com)
  • As an essential bioactive molecule, sialic acid possesses complex and diverse structures and chemical properties, and performs a variety of crucial functions in living organisms. (cabio.com)
  • We hope that the di-methyl amide derivative of SA will provide information regarding the specific mechanisms that are involved in SA biosynthesis and binding events as well as possible cellular consequence due to SA derivation. (csuohio.edu)
  • For it to become active to enter in the oligosaccharide biosynthesis process of the cell, a monophosphate nucleoside is added, which comes from a cytidine triphosphate, turning sialic acid into cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-sialic acid). (wikipedia.org)
  • So the study of glycan structures is also complicated by the lack of a proper and direct template for their biosynthesis, contrary to the case with amino acids and proteins. (biochemistryconferences.com)
  • Patients with GNE myopathy, a progressive and debilitating disease caused by a genetic defect in sialic acid biosynthesis, rely on supportive care and eventually become wheelchair-bound. (nih.gov)
  • The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. (pdfroom.com)
  • Sialic acid is a class of natural carbohydrate compounds widely present in biological systems, and plays a very important biological function in physiological processes such as cell differentiation, maturation, and intercellular interactions. (peptidepowders.com)
  • Sialic acids are found widely distributed in animal tissues and related forms are found to a lesser extent in other organisms like in some micro-algae, bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the HPLC-based sialic acid fluorescence labeling kit using 1,2-diamino-4,5-methyleneoxybenzene (DMB) provides a relatively simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method. (takarabio.com)
  • In this method, free sialic acids are analyzed by reverse phase HPLC (PALPAK Type R) after labeling with DMB. (takarabio.com)
  • The fluorescence labeling of sialic acid with 1, 2-diamino-4, 5-methyleneoxybenzene (DMB) is a simple and very sensitive analytical method in which free sialic acids are analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC after labeling with DMB. (takarabio.com)
  • Turan, Isaac and Keil, Joseph, "Synthesis of Sialic Acid Derivative for Modifying Cell Surface Sialylation" (2018). (csuohio.edu)
  • This overexpression of sialic acid on surfaces creates a negative charge on cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Varki, 2001) Because of their position on the surface of the membranes, sialic acids are mainly available for protein-ligand interactions, mediating several physiological and pathological processes. (glycopedia.eu)
  • It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. (lookformedical.com)
  • New sialic acids from biological sources identified by a comprehensive and sensitive approach: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) of SIA quinoxalinones. (takarabio.com)
  • Infant nutrition solutions pioneer, CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. In this article, we will examine the fundamental properties, biological functions, health benefits, and extensive food industry applications of sialic acid. (cabio.com)
  • As an important sugar-aldehyde compound, sialic acid is widespread in organisms, and its unique structure and chemical properties make it an essential component of biological systems. (cabio.com)
  • Understanding the fundamental properties and sources of sialic acid is crucial for elucidating its biological functions and potential applications, according to researchers. (cabio.com)
  • Sialic acid, a significant sugar-aldehyde compound, is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell recognition, signal transduction, and immune regulation. (cabio.com)
  • Section 2:Functions and Mechanisms of Sialic Acid in Biological Processes. (cabio.com)
  • What are the sialic acid's mechanisms of action in biological processes? (cabio.com)
  • Sialic acid plays an essential function in biological processes, and its mechanisms are involved in crucial biological processes such as cell signaling, cell adhesion, and receptor activation. (cabio.com)
  • In recent years, the infant nutrition and functional food markets have paid increasing attention to sialic acid, a significant bioactive ingredient. (cabio.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the activities of the total acid phosphatase (TAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, as well as the possible correlation in the serum and in unstimulated whole saliva of children. (bvsalud.org)
  • To elucidate whether GNE myopathy is treatable at a progressive stage of the disease, we examined the efficacy of sialic acid supplementation on symptomatic old GNE myopathy mice that have ongoing, active muscle degeneration. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, a di-methyl amide derivative of SA, which lacks anionic character, was designed and synthesized for modulation of cell surface SA application. (csuohio.edu)
  • We designed and synthesized 21 sialic acid derivatives and screened their affinity for SiaT by a thermal shift assay and elucidated the inhibitory mechanism through binding thermodynamics, computational methods, and inhibitory kinetic studies. (edu.au)
  • We examined the therapeutic effect of a less metabolized sialic acid compound (6'-sialyllactose) or free sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) by oral, continuous administration to 50-week-old GNE myopathy mice for 30 weeks. (nih.gov)
  • Sialic acids are building blocks of glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and other substances and are released through their enzymatic degradation within special lysosomes. (medicinelearners.com)
  • The alpha-anomer is the form that is found when sialic acid is bound to glycans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Free sialic acids are in the energetically preferred β-form, but they adopt the α-anomeric configuration when bound. (glycopedia.eu)
  • This enzyme uses for example a mannose derivative as a substrate, inserting three carbons from pyruvate into the resulting sialic acid structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans the brain has the highest sialic acid content, where these acids play an important role in neural transmission and ganglioside structure in synaptogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acid containing glycoproteins (sialoglycoproteins) bind selectin in humans and other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans are unable to synthesize sialic acid and must therefore obtain it from diet, particularly sialic acid-rich foods, to meet physiological requirements. (cabio.com)
  • Sialic acid storage disease is a very rare, genetically determined lysosomal storage disease in which the protein sialin is incorrectly encoded. (medicinelearners.com)
  • The molecular structures of these sialic acids contain a variety of functional groups, enabling them to perform a variety of functions in organisms. (cabio.com)
  • Some organisms also contain sialic acid. (cabio.com)
  • The exterior of cell surfaces express a dense layer of glycans which are often terminated by sialic acid (SA). (csuohio.edu)
  • The sialic acid-rich regions contribute to creating a negative charge on the cells' surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sialic acid is a sugar-aldehyde derivative of twenty amino acids that is extensively distributed on the surfaces of animal and plant cells and in their body secretions. (cabio.com)
  • In keeping with this, polymers of N-propionylneuraminic acid are sensitive to sialidases. (nuigalway.ie)
  • Animal tissues, dairy products, and some vegetation are the main sources of sialic acid in nature. (cabio.com)
  • Animal tissues, dairy products, and certain vegetation are the primary natural sources of sialic acid. (cabio.com)
  • There are numerous natural sources for sialic acid, including animal tissues, dairy products, and certain vegetation. (cabio.com)
  • Sialic acids are one of the most important constituents of glycoconjugates in microorganisms and a wide range of higher order animals. (takarabio.com)
  • Sialic acid is synthesized by glucosamine 6 phosphate and acetyl-CoA through a transferase, resulting in N-acetylglucosamine-6-P. This becomes N-acetylmannosamine-6-P through epimerization, which reacts with phosphoenolpyruvate producing N-acetylneuraminic-9-P (sialic acid). (wikipedia.org)
  • The multi-valent saccharide derivatives may lead to completely new strategies for the modulation of cell -cell recognition. (drshrutibhat.com)
  • The addition of sialic acid to infant milk powder is essential to ensure the normal growth and development of infants, to help the baby's memory form a more stable structural basis, and to strengthen the development of the nervous system. (peptidepowders.com)
  • To supplement neonates' physiological requirements during growth and development, infant formula frequently contains added sialic acid. (cabio.com)
  • The presence of sialic acid in dairy products substantially promotes infant and young child growth and immune function development. (cabio.com)
  • The di-methyl amide derivative of SA is synthesized from free SA via benzyl-O-sialoside, amidation and hydrogenation in 6 steps. (csuohio.edu)
  • Free sialic acid can be detected in fibroblasts and amnion cells. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Place samples containing free sialic acids (5 pmol-5 nmol) into screw-cap 1.5 ml tubes. (takarabio.com)
  • Early research shows that replacing part of the daily dose of a regular phenylalanine-free protein supplement with glycomacropeptide maintains blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. (webmd.com)
  • This is due to the fact that 6'-sialyllactose is longer working as it is further metabolized to free sialic acid after initial absorption. (nih.gov)
  • Our results provide evidence that GNE myopathy can be treated even at a progressive stage and 6'-sialyllactose has more remarkable advantage than free sialic acid, providing a conceptual proof for clinical use in patients. (nih.gov)
  • Regio- and stereoselective chemical and biochemical transformation were applied to provide new derivatives of phenolic substances, such as resveratrol, dephostatin and TBMB acids. (keio.ac.jp)
  • The term "sialic acid" (from the Greek for saliva, σίαλον - síalon) was first introduced by Swedish biochemist Gunnar Blix in 1952. (wikipedia.org)
  • FIGS. 8A-C depict amino acid sequences of wild-type and variant AAV capsids. (justia.com)
  • Conventional methods for sialoglycoconjugate analysis, such as the resorcinol assay and thiobarbituric acid test, involve several complex steps. (takarabio.com)
  • Sialic acid is found in large quantities in products such as milk and lactic acid beverages. (cabio.com)