- In enzymology, a L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of ribulose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate in the oxidative phase of the Pentose phosphate pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include phosphoribulose isomerase, ribulose phosphate 4-epimerase, L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase, L-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase, AraD, and L-Ru5P. (wikipedia.org)
- Mechanism of ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase in active site Aldol and dehydration mechanisms L-Ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase catalyzes the epimerization of L-ribulose 5-phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate by retro-aldol cleavage and subsequent aldol reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- First, the retro-aldol cleavage mechanism is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase which has high levels of sequence similarity with L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase. (wikipedia.org)
- Ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase is found on the well studied L-arabinose operon. (wikipedia.org)
- This operon consists of eight genes araA-araH with the gene for Ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase called araD. (wikipedia.org)
- L-Ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase and L-fuculose-1-phosphate (L-Fuc1P) aldolase are evolutionarily related enzymes that display 26% sequence identity and a very high degree of structural similarity. (wikipedia.org)
- Salmonella typhimurium gal E mutants used to produce the vaccine are effectively avirulent and highly protective but lack the specific UDP-galactose 4-epimerase enzyme which allows for the normal synthesis of UDP-galactose from UDP-glucose 12 . (drugbank.com)
- 2. Dickens, F. and Williamson, D.H. Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues. (qmul.ac.uk)
- Dietary pentose sugars, a derivative of nucleic acid digestion, can be intertwined with the PPP, thereby revealing another layer of metabolic flexibility and adaptability provided by this pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
- Although lipids are a distinct class of biomolecules, we shall see that they often occur combined, either covalently or through weak bonds, with members of other classes of bio-molecules to yield hybrid molecules such as glycolipids , which contain both carbohydrate and lipid groups, "and lipoproteins , which contain both lipids and proteins. (medmuv.com)
- This is consistent with the notion that both enzymes belong to a superfamily of epimerases/aldolases that catalyze carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions via a metal-stabilized enolate intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
- The brains of adults who live on a high-carbohydrate diet lose the ability to synthesize the key enzymes needed to metabolize ketones. (medscape.com)
- Proteoglycans are complex macromolecules comprised of a core protein and one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycans (GAG) chains so that structurally they are both proteins and carbohydrates. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)
- 2. Maxwell, E.S. and de Robichon-Szulmajster, H. Purification of uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase from yeast and the identification of protein-bound diphosphopyridine nucleotide. (qmul.ac.uk)
- Brown et al, in their attempt to determine whether postprandial changes in plasma carbohydrate and sugar alcohol concentrations are affected by clinical variables such as postnatal age, milk type, feeding volume, or feeding duration in term newborns, found that galactose is almost cleared completely by the neonatal liver. (medscape.com)
- Regardless, the mutant's epimerase defect ultimately results in the accumulation of such intermediary products like galactose 1-phosphate and UDP-galactose, which consequently causes lysis of the mutant cells. (drugbank.com)
- The stereo- and regioselective assembly of target carbohydrate chains was conducted using uniform monosaccharide synthetic blocks. (bvsalud.org)
- 2014. Structure-activity Studies of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Derivatives as HCV Entry Inhibitors Bioorg. (montclair.edu)
- 2015. Fast Pyrolysis of 13C-Labeled Cellobioses: Gaining Insights Into the Mechanisms of Fast Pyrolysis of Carbohydrates, J. Org. (montclair.edu)
- It is then transported back into intracellular space, where after its used in 3 different reactions, its derivatives interact with intestinal microflora in the extracellular space to become lithocholyltaurine, lithocholic acid glycine conjugate, and lithocholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
- Revisiting 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, the second chain of reactions it is involved in follows a similar path as the first, moving through the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome until choloyl-CoA is formed, which then is used in three reactions so that its derivatives may leave the cell to interact with intestinal microflora and become taurodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate and deoxycholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
- IBS is characterized by a multi-omics microbial signature indicating increased capacity to utilize fermentable carbohydrates-consistent with the clinical benefit of diets restricting this energy source-that also includes multiple previously unrecognized metabolites and metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
- Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
- For the majority of humans it is the primary carbohydrate source in the diet. (microbiologynote.com)
- Concurrently, the PPP can transmute the carbon skeletons of dietary carbohydrates into intermediates apt for glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways, thereby enabling the cell to adeptly navigate through the metabolic intricacies and adapt to varying physiological contexts. (microbiologynote.com)
- The bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) plays a key role in sialic acid production. (nih.gov)
- Mechanism of ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase in active site Aldol and dehydration mechanisms L-Ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase catalyzes the epimerization of L-ribulose 5-phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate by retro-aldol cleavage and subsequent aldol reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centers within carbohydrates or their derivatives. (nih.gov)
- Carbohydrate sulfotransferases (CHST) catalyse the biosynthesis of proteoglycans that enable physical interactions and signalling between different neighbouring cells in physiological and pathological states. (bvsalud.org)
- Brown et al, in their attempt to determine whether postprandial changes in plasma carbohydrate and sugar alcohol concentrations are affected by clinical variables such as postnatal age, milk type, feeding volume, or feeding duration in term newborns, found that galactose is almost cleared completely by the neonatal liver. (medscape.com)
- First, the retro-aldol cleavage mechanism is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase which has high levels of sequence similarity with L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include phosphoribulose isomerase, ribulose phosphate 4-epimerase, L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase, L-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase, AraD, and L-Ru5P. (wikipedia.org)
- PubMed database search was conducted using the keywords "carbohydrate sulfotransferase" together with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, whereby 41 publications were selected. (bvsalud.org)