Deregulation rna polymerase iii. Medical search. Frequent questions

The expression levels of miR-128-3p and transforming growth factor beta receptors II (TGFBR2) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (degruyter.com)
The mRNA level of these genes was measured in 78 paired colorectal cancer samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (biomedcentral.com)

The ribosomal RNAs are produced by RNA polymerases (Pol) I and III during a process called transcription. (europa.eu)
Our laboratory studies gene transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) III and the functional impact of this system on normal and disease processes. (einsteinmed.edu)
The products of Pol III transcription are small non-coding RNAs that have diverse and expanding functions in eukaryotic cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
Proper regulation of Pol III transcription is critical for balanced growth and its deregulation is a key event in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. (einsteinmed.edu)
For these and other reasons, much of our research has focused on the Maf1 protein, a master negative regulator of Pol III transcription, and its posttranslational control by nutrient- and stress-signaling pathways. (einsteinmed.edu)
Our current mechanistic understanding of these phenotypes is based on a novel futile RNA cycle hypothesis wherein deregulated Pol III transcription serves as an energy sink, consuming energetically costly nucleotides in the wasteful synthesis of RNA that does not accumulate and is mostly degraded. (einsteinmed.edu)
Structural basis for RNA polymerase III transcription repression by Maf1. (einsteinmed.edu)
Willis IM, Moir RD. Signaling to and from the RNA polymerase III Transcription and Processing Machinery. (einsteinmed.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) can initiate transcription in vitro by accepting nucleotide metabolites capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). (biosyn.com)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)

Ribosomes consist of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. (europa.eu)
Its genome consists of three ssRNAs of negative polarity that encodes four proteins: the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 280 kDa, the movement protein of 54 kDa (54K), the coat protein and a small protein of 24 kDa (24K). (conicet.gov.ar)
This expression is strictly dependent on the synthesis of messenger RNAs transcripts from the DNA molecule and their subsequent translation into proteins by the ribosomes. (cea.fr)
In the past few decades, studies have focused on investigating the genes and proteins responsible for the development and progression of HCC ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
EDNs are synthesised as large precursor proteins that are post-translationally cleaved to the biologically active 21-amino acid form [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The mTORC1, Myc, and noncoding RNA signaling pathways are the primary mediators that work jointly with RNA polymerases and ribosome proteins to control ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
BSEP , Na + -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, and organic anion transporting polypeptide B were downregulated with most cholestatic and some noncholestatic drugs, whereas deregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins was more variable, probably mainly reflecting secondary effects. (aspetjournals.org)

In mice, mutation of PCIF1 encoding gene causes deregulation of the expression of a set of genes and a reduced body weight. (cea.fr)
The work of the scientists shows that mutation of Pcif1 gene in Drosophila results in a deregulation of the expression of a set of genes, reduced body weight and a significant drop in fertility which indicates an important role for this protein in the physiology of the organism. (cea.fr)
Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, microRNAs, a class of small (~21 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs, negatively regulate the expression of their target genes. (spandidos-publications.com)
The progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis is thought to involve the deregulation of genes that are critical to cellular processes, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration and spreading. (spandidos-publications.com)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
Besides their canonical roles in translation, tRNAs also originate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions ranging from translation regulation to gene expression control and cellular stress response. (mdpi.com)
Rabbit polyclonal to XRN2.Degradation of mRNA is a critical aspect of gene expression that occurs via the exoribonuclease.Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) is the human homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAT1, whichfunctions as a nuclear 5′ to 3′ exoribonuclease and is essential for mRNA turnover and cell viability.XRN2 also processes rRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the nucleus. (scienza-under-18.org)
Studies carried out by scientists at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, on the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster have revealed the role of Pcif1 in the control of gene expression, despite the fact that this protein has completely lost its RNA methyltransferase activity compared to its mammalian counterpart PCIF1. (cea.fr)
miRNAs are highly conserved, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in vertebrates through multiple mechanisms, such as complimentary base pairing with the 3′-UTR of their target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression, mRNA cleavage and mRNA decay initiated by miRNA-guided rapid deadenylation ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)
Since international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) staging is mainly based on clinical assessment, an integrated approach for mining RNA based biomarkers for understanding the molecular deregulation of signaling pathways and RNAs in cervical cancer was proposed in this study. (cancerindex.org)

Researchers at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, focused on a RNA mammalian methyltransferase, the PCIF1 protein (homologous to the Drosophila Pcif1 protein), which adds an extra methyl group to m 6 A (m 6 adenosine) to form m 6 Am when the first transcribed nucleotide is an adenosine. (cea.fr)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
Recently, an increasing number of reports have implicated a new class of small regulatory RNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), in HCC progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
The deregulation of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs is involved in developing blood, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)

Such intricacy in tRNA expression regulation cannot be exclusively explained by the global modulation of the RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) transcriptional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules contain various post-transcriptional modifications that are crucial for tRNA stability, translation efficiency, and fidelity. (mdpi.com)
Non (protein)-coding RNAs are the most abundant transcriptional products of the coding genome, and comprise several different classes of molecules with unique lengths, conformations and targets. (frontiersin.org)

These include RNAs that are central players in cell growth, notably in protein synthesis, and molecules that function in RNA processing, protein secretion and in various regulatory capacities. (einsteinmed.edu)
Cancer-associated tRNA deregulation has been overlooked for many years, but now these molecules have been directly connected to tumorigenesis and are postulated to undertake active roles in this process [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators rely, amongst other factors, on their interaction with untranslated RNA molecules for guidance to particular targets on DNA. (frontiersin.org)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates cell proliferation. (biosyn.com)
HCC tissues from patients had higher levels of PVRL1 messenger RNA and protein than nontumorous tissues. (stanford.edu)
knockdown of Pvrl1 reduced cell-surface levels of PVR but not levels of Pvr messenger RNA. (stanford.edu)

EDN3 mRNA expression in breast cancer was further validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 77). (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies to HTLV-1 were fount, and the vitreous specimen revealed flower cell infiltration with HTLV-1 DNA detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)

The leukodystrophy mutation Polr3b R103H causes homozygote mouse embryonic lethality and impairs RNA polymerase III biogenesis. (einsteinmed.edu)

Telomerase RNA TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity. (nih.gov)

The initial objective of this study was to determine whether a co-regulation of the three Pols for synthesis of ribosomal components could be demonstrated in human cells. (europa.eu)
In fact, tRNAs actively engage in protein synthesis regulation and in additional molecular processes that are unrelated to translation, like apoptosis prevention and the generation of small derivative non-coding RNAs that perform further cellular functions [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Secondly, we identified important aspects of the regulation of the Pol III inhibitor Maf1. (europa.eu)
These results suggest a similar contribution of PCIF1 to the fine regulation of RNA polymerase II activity in mammals, in addition to its mRNA methylation activity, whose role in mRNA translation efficiency is actively studied but still controversial. (cea.fr)
In particular, there are incremental examples of the participation of the distinct class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML epigenetic regulation, some of which have translational potential. (frontiersin.org)

miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (wikipedia.org)
Some specific miRNAs have been found to be frequently deregulated, and this deregulation has been associated with clinicopathological features of HCC, such as metastasis, recurrence and prognosis ( 7 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Figure 3 shows molecular models of the cystal structure of eIF4E, in complex with the cap m7GpppA, and a 4EBP1 peptide. (biosyn.com)
The downstream molecular mechanism of ZSCAN18 was explored using RNA next-generation sequencing, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation. (biomedcentral.com)

The advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have demonstrated that tRNAs are differentially transcribed and expressed among tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
recently reported a method called CapQuant that allows the identification of cap-like RNAs in bacteria, virusus, yeast and human tissues. (biosyn.com)

The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. (nih.gov)
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from RNA. (medscape.com)

The RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffold protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and the capping protein eIF4E are part of the complex that loads the mRNAs onto the 40 S ribosomal subunit, together with eIF3. (biosyn.com)

This protein binds to the phosphorylated form of serine 5 of RNA polymerase II ( Figure ) and may directly modulate its activity or promote the recruitment of chromatin components. (cea.fr)
Further, cdk2 inhibition led to decreased Mcl-1 mRNA levels, which was proceeded by reduced phosphorylation of serine 2 on the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
This previously unknown and unsuspected aspect of enterovirus replication provides an explanation for reports of enteroviral RNA detected in diseased tissue in the apparent absence of virus particles" (Journal of IiME 2009:3:1). (investinme.org)

Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci. (rochester.edu)

Nora Chapman et al from the Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, have shown that human enteroviruses Coxsackie B can naturally delete sequence from the 5' end of the RNA genome and that this deletional mechanism results in long-term viral persistence, which has substantially altered the previously held view (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440640/?tool=pubmed). (investinme.org)
Using CrossHub software, we analyzed RNA-Seq expression profile data of CRC derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNA 503 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR503 gene. (wikipedia.org)

These modifications include the addition of a cap at the 5' end and polyadenosines tail at the 3' end, as well as the addition of methyl groups on various nucleotides. (cea.fr)

Deregulation of these expression programs has been linked to MYC's function in tumor initiation, progression, and survival. (cshlpress.com)

There are biochemical evidences of binding of 24K protein to long double strands RNAs in vitro. (conicet.gov.ar)

This second project involved the protein Maf1, which inhibited Pol III activity in yeast and mammalian cells. (europa.eu)

The study of Maf1 could, therefore, reveal mechanisms by which the activities of the three Pols were regulated. (europa.eu)

When sweet orange plants (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) are infected with CPsV a deregulation in conserved microRNA accumulation is observed. (conicet.gov.ar)

The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (wikipedia.org)

During evolution, this protein naturally lost its catalytic activity in Drosophila where Pcif1 is, like its human counterpart, expressed in the nucleus and associated with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol II). (cea.fr)
The fly Pcif1 expressed in the nucleus and binds the phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II (at the level of phosph orylated s erine 5). (cea.fr)

XRN2 movesalong with RNA polymerase II and gains access to the nascent RNA transcript after theendonucleolytic cleavage at the poly(A) site or at a second cotranscriptional cleavage site (CoTC).CoTC is an autocatalytic RNA structure that undergoes rapid self-cleavage and acts as a precursorto termination by presenting a free RNA 5′ end to be recognized by XRN2. (scienza-under-18.org)
The few mutations reported so far resemble those commonly found in AS, being located in the three largest exons (exons 8, 10 and 16) and predicted to cause premature termination of translation. (springer.com)

Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we show expression of MSTN by CML mesenchymal stromal cells, and that myostatin propeptide has a direct and instant effect on CML cells, independent of myostatin, by demonstrating binding of myostatin propeptide to the cell surface and increased phosphorylation of STAT5 and SMAD2/3. (haematologica.org)

The 'closed-loop' model explains that the induction of 5'- to 3'-proximity of mRNAs requires the initiation factors eIF4E, eIF4G, and PABP. (biosyn.com)

Recent evidence indicates that tsRNAs are also modified, however, the impact of tRNA epitranscriptome deregulation on tsRNAs generation is only now beginning to be uncovered. (mdpi.com)

The aim of this mini-review is to discuss emerging epigenetic roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (frontiersin.org)
However, a growing body of evidence suggests that recruitment, stability, and function of epigenetic factors can be mediated by non-protein-coding RNAs. (frontiersin.org)
So far, PTEN deregulation has not been proven to be due to epigenetic silencing. (biomedcentral.com)

It is noteworthy, that in the majority of cases, disease progression to CRPC relies on a functional androgen receptor (AR) signaling cascade [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

It was shown in yeast, in consistence with this idea, that deliberate deregulation of Pol I activity resulted in the deregulation of the activities of the other two Pols. (europa.eu)
However, in collaboration with Drs Ingrid Grummt and Holger Bierhoff from the German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany, I found that the mechanism by which Pol I synthesised ribosomal RNA in human cells was different enough from the mechanism used in yeast cells, therefore I could not use the previously exploited approach to deregulate Pol I activity in yeast. (europa.eu)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP , cyclic AMP , or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ) is a second messenger , or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, the making of a ribosome requires the action of three different Pols. (europa.eu)

Long non-coding RNAs at work on telomeres: Functions and implications in cancer therapy. (nih.gov)

Pol III-related leukodystrophy was recently identified as a genetically inherited neurodegenerative disease. (einsteinmed.edu)

Depletion of endogenous cdk2 by short interfering (si)RNA also resulted in apoptosis in human LY3, LY8 and LY18 DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
In support of this, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Mcl-1 was sufficient to induce apoptosis in all three DLBCL. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)
Myc is implicated in cancer development by enhancing RNA Pol II activity, leading to uncontrolled cancer cell growth. (bvsalud.org)

Neither HTLV-3 nor HTLV-4 has been linked to human disease, and considerably less is known about these viruses. (medscape.com)

The Omicron spike (S) protein, with an unusually large number of mutations, is considered the major driver of these phenotypes 3 , 8 . (biorxiv.org)

3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
Fore example, the deregulation of translation control appears the cause of many cancer types. (biosyn.com)
For instance, the 5-year relative survival rate for patients with metastatic CRC is about 11%, while that for patients with stage III CRC ranges from 53% to 89% ( https://www.cancer.org ). (biomedcentral.com)
Thyroid cancer (THCA) has become increasingly common in recent decades, and women are three to four times more likely to develop it than men. (biomedcentral.com)
An integrated approach for mining precise RNA-based cervical cancer staging biomarkers. (cancerindex.org)

The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. (wikipedia.org)

Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
The origin of cutaneous tumors can be simplistically divided into 3 major categories: epidermal, dermal, and adnexal (see image below). (medscape.com)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. (nih.gov)

METHODS: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, with data collected through data collection in the information system of the Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF), participant observation activities and interviews, over a period of three months, with professionals from NUSAM/SAMU/DF. (bvsalud.org)
PolyAMiner-Bulk: A Machine Learning Based Bioinformatics Algorithm to Infer and Decode Alternative Polyadenylation Dynamics from bulk RNA-seq data. (rochester.edu)
Publicly available data were mined for identifying significant RNAs after patient staging. (cancerindex.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms17

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes79

Information Science3

Health Care2

Quantitative polymera2

Transcription12

Proteins7

Genes5

Gene expression5

Pathways2

Nucleotide1

MicroRNAs3

Transcriptional3

Molecules3

Messenger RNA3

Chain Reaction2

Biogenesis1

Regulate1

Synthesis2

Regulation3

MiRNAs2

Molecular2

Tissues2

Reverse transcriptase2

Initiation factor1

Serine2

Replication2

Loci1

Genome2

Molecule1

Nucleotides1

Tumor1

Vitro1

Mammalian1

Maf11

MicroRNA1

Target mRNAs1

Nucleus2

Termination2

Expression2

MRNAs1

TRNA1

Epigenetic3

Progression1

Yeast2

Adenosine1

Ribosome1

Functions1

Inherited neurodegenerative1

Apoptosis2

Activity2

Human1

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Cancer5

Enzyme1

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Data3