Depolarization chemoreceptor cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The CB is an arterial chemoreceptor origin of ventilatory reflexes directed to maintain blood levels of O 2 , CO 2 , and H + under physiological limits. (aspetjournals.org)
KEY POINTS: The carotid body is a peripheral arterial chemoreceptor that regulates ventilation in response to both acute and sustained hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral arterial chemoreceptor that registers the levels of pO2, pCO2 and pH in the blood and responds to their changes by regulating breathing. (bvsalud.org)

Carotid bodies are considered the primary peripheral chemoreceptor and have been shown to contribute more to a hypoxic response. (wikipedia.org)
ABSTRACT: The carotid body is a peripheral chemoreceptor that plays a central role in mammalian oxygen homeostasis. (ox.ac.uk)

The coupling of the decrease in P o 2 to the exocytotic machinery responsible for the release of neurotransmitters in chemoreceptor cells (i.e., the chemotransduction process) is incompletely understood, but it is well documented that plasma membrane mechanisms are involved. (aspetjournals.org)
They may also bolster rapid communication among type I cells by amplifying release of one of the primary neurotransmitters in chemoreceptive signaling, ATP. (wikipedia.org)
The stimulus (O2, CO2, PH) depolarizes the cell membrane blocking K channels, this reduction in cell membrane potential opens voltage gated Calcium channels and the increase in Calcium concentration causes exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitters. (khanacademy.org)
This neurotransmitters cause depolarization of the afferent pathway of Glossopharingeal Nerve(carotid body) and Vagus nerve (aortic body). (khanacademy.org)
In the adult CB, neurotransmitters and vascular cytokines released by glomus cells upon exposure to chronic hypoxia act as paracrine signals that induce proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, neuronal and vascular progenitors. (bvsalud.org)

Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Carotid and aortic bodies are clusters of cells located on the common carotid artery and the aortic arch, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Sir, the glomus cells are in the carotid and aortic body like Rishi mentioned in the video. (khanacademy.org)

The type-I cells transduce the signals from the bloodstream and are innervated by afferent nerve fibers leading back to (in the carotid body) the carotid sinus nerve and then on to the glossopharyngeal nerve and medulla of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
The neuronal network that initiates and generates peristalsis Mucosal stimulation leads to the release of serotonin by enterochromaffin cells (8), which excites the intrinsic primary afferent neurons (1), which then communicate with ascending (2) and descending (3) interneurons in the local reflex pathways. (mhmedical.com)

Collective name for a group of external MECHANORECEPTORS and chemoreceptors manifesting as sensory structures in ARTHROPODS. (lookformedical.com)

Hypoxia and hypercapnia are the most heavily studied and understood conditions detected by the peripheral chemoreceptors. (wikipedia.org)
They lack the vesicles of type I cells used in neurotransmitter communication, but studies indicate they function as chemoreceptor stem cells and can respond to prolonged exposure to hypoxia by proliferating into type I cells themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Using lineage analysis, the present study shows that the Type I cell lineage itself proliferates and expands in response to sustained hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Inactivation of HIF-2α in Type I cells impairs the ventilatory, proliferative and cell intrinsic (dense core vesicle) responses to hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that exposure to sustained hypoxia (10% oxygen) drives rapid expansion of the Type I, tyrosine hydroxylase expressing cell lineage, with little transdifferentiation to (or from) that lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
Inactivation of a specific HIF isoform, HIF-2α, in the Type I cells was associated with a greatly reduced proliferation of Type I cells and hypoxic ventilatory responses, with ultrastructural evidence of an abnormality in the action of hypoxia on dense core secretory vesicles. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we identify HIGD1C, a novel hypoxia inducible gene domain factor isoform, as an ETC Complex IV (CIV) protein highly and selectively expressed in glomus cells that mediates acute oxygen sensing by the CB. (mitophysiology.org)
The CB structural plasticity depends on the existence of a population of multipotent neural crest-derived stem cells, which are activated during hypoxia to proliferate and differentiate into new both neuronal (glomus) and vascular cell types. (bvsalud.org)
During hypoxia sustentacular cells which are dormant cells in normoxic conditions can proliferate and differentiate into new glomus cells. (bvsalud.org)

The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)

Type I cells in this organ respond to low oxygen both acutely by depolarization and dense core vesicle secretion and, over the longer term, via cellular proliferation and enhanced ventilatory responses. (ox.ac.uk)

Tetrodotoxin also stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla oblongata and depresses the respiratory and vasomotor centers in that area. (medscape.com)

During this period of development, it is proposed that neonates heavily rely on other oxygen-sensing chemoreceptors, such as the aortic body or central chemoreceptors. (wikipedia.org)
In fact in some book they are referred as Glomus caroticum (carotid body) and Glomus aorticum (aortic body) be careful with this one no to mistake with para-aortic bodies which are chromaffin cell which manufacture catecholamine. (khanacademy.org)

This model is supported by observations that ETC inhibition by pharmacology and gene knockout activates CB sensory activity and that smaller decreases in oxygen concentration inhibit ETC activity in CB cells compared to other cells. (mitophysiology.org)
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are chemoreceptors that establish excitatory synapses within glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The glomus cells are dually innervated by both sensory nerve fibers through the carotid sinus nerve and autonomic fibers of sympathetic origin via the ganglioglomerular nerve. (bvsalud.org)

Presynaptic terminals of incipient synaptic contacts generate calcium transients in response to odors, triggering long lasting depolarization of olfactory glomeruli. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses , forming the olfactory glomeruli. (lookformedical.com)

T or F. Nasal chemoreceptors bind odorant molecules, a second messenger system causes an increase in cAMP leading to a depolarization. (freezingblue.com)
This channel is activated by signalling molecules inside cells, called 'cyclic nucleotides', and its activity ultimately leads to calcium ions flowing into the sperm cell's tail. (elifesciences.org)

This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)

rat chemoreceptor cells, and a similar transduction sequence has been proposed. (aspetjournals.org)
Each of these bodies is composed of a similar collection of cells, and it is the post-transduction signal processing that differentiates their responses. (wikipedia.org)

Neurons are ______ cells. (primrosekitten.org)

On the other hand, a less excitable cell might have most of it's Na+ ion channels inactivated, where they won't open in response to stimuli, represented by this little ball stuck in the opening, and only a few of them are ready, and it would require a strong current of Na+ ions to flow in before it depolarized. (osmosis.org)

I am a paramedic and I never heard of the Glomus cell. (khanacademy.org)
The glomus cell are Type I and II. (khanacademy.org)
Long-term hypoxic exposure and sodium nitrate treatment enlarge several-fold the size of the rat CB causing glomus cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and evoke changes in its vascular structure, inducing marked vasodilation and neovascularization. (bvsalud.org)
However, more recent data have revealed that the majority of the newly formed glomus cells is derived from the glomus cell lineage itself. (bvsalud.org)

As for their particular function, peripheral chemoreceptors help maintain homeostasis in the cardiorespiratory system by monitoring concentrations of blood borne chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral chemoreceptors are extensions of the peripheral nervous system that respond to changes in blood molecule concentrations (such as oxygen or carbon dioxide) and help maintain cardiorespiratory homeostasis. (khanacademy.org)

These include information from peripheral and central chemoreceptors, muscle demand and generated metabolic changes, as well as ventilatory fatigue, breathing patterns and changes in ventilation/perfusion ratios. (frontiersin.org)

The capacity of stem cells to divide and differentiate along different pathways is necessary in embryonic development and also makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses. (ivy-way.com)

Tetrodotoxin blocks diffusion of sodium through the sodium channel, thus preventing depolarization and propagation of action potentials in nerve cells. (medscape.com)
This action reduces the tubular sodium concentration and the concentration gradient between the tubular fluid and cells and thereby retards the reabsorption of sodium. (spiritsong.org)
First, a few positive ions like sodium and calcium travel through gap junctions and enter into the cell, raising the membrane potential to a threshold level-typically around 70 mV. (osmosis.org)
After the upstroke, there's the plateau, and then as the cell repolarizes the sodium channels start to recover, and even though they're closed, they're still excitable, and eventually the cell repolarizes back to it's usual state around -90mV. (osmosis.org)

Inactivation of PHD2 in Type I cells induces multilineage hyperplasia and ultrastructural changes in dense core vesicles to form paraganglioma-like carotid bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
Vesicles move materials within cells. (ivy-way.com)

Chemoreceptors can detect these. (freezingblue.com)

Type I cells are often connected via gap junctions, which might allow for quick communication between cells when transducing signals. (wikipedia.org)
T or F - pericytes are tight junctions between endothelial cells that prevent the movement of cell sizedbodies out of the lumen. (freezingblue.com)

The largest branch (dendrite) of nerve cells is known as axon. (mpboardguru.com)

Sensitivity and physiology of the peripheral chemoreceptors changes throughout the lifespan. (wikipedia.org)
We investigated whether this sensitivity is maintained in trout chronically exposed (1+ months) to high environmental ammonia [HEA, 250 μmol l -1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] in the water, and whether gill neuroepithelial cells (NECs) are involved in ammonia sensing. (silverchair.com)
A very recent study has demonstrated well that prediction of drug sensitivity and resistance can be accessed by profiling ABC transporter genes in cancer cells (104). (findbinaryoption.com)

A more excitable cell might have more of its Na+ ion channels in the ready state, and even if there were a relatively weak current of Na+ ions flowing in, the cell might still depolarize easily. (osmosis.org)

They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
B. The cells are capable of responding to a greater than normal stimulus before the resting membrane potential is reached. (nursingessay24x7.com)
C. A slow depolarization occurs when Na+ is transported out of the cell and K+ moves back in, resulting in resting membrane potential. (nursingessay24x7.com)

Taken together, these findings demonstrate a key role for the PHD2-HIF-2α couple in Type I cells with respect to the oxygen sensing functions of the carotid body. (ox.ac.uk)
These findings implicate specific components of the HIF hydroxylase pathway (PHD2 and HIF-2α) within Type I cells of the carotid body with respect to the oxygen sensing and adaptive functions of that organ. (ox.ac.uk)

This influx of calcium ions in turn controls the beating of the tail and, thereby, steers the sperm cell towards the egg. (elifesciences.org)
In zebrafish sperm, a more alkaline pH inside the cell causes calcium ions to flow in and this influx of calcium ions triggers a unique spinning-like swimming movement that is different from the swimming of other sperm from other species. (elifesciences.org)

Chemoreceptor cells are the CB elements that sense blood P o 2 and P co 2 /[H + ], being activated when P o 2 decreases and P co 2 /[H + ] increases. (aspetjournals.org)

The control of this state is complex, with contributions by the muscle and epithelium, the enteric nervous system (ENS), the autonomic nervous system (ANS), microbial mediators, innate and adaptive immune cells and their mediators, and local enteroendocrine and circulating hormones. (mhmedical.com)
As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. (medindex.am)

We have combined cell lineage tracing technology and conditionally inactivated alleles in recombinant mice to examine the role of components of the HIF hydroxylase pathway in specific cell types within the carotid body. (ox.ac.uk)

The fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells by endocytosis or released by exocytosis. (ivy-way.com)

They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)
CPZ-induced calcium transients in human TRPA1-expressing HEK293t cells were blocked by the selective TRPA1 antagonists HC 030031 and A967079 and involved three cysteine residues in the N-terminal domain. (nature.com)
However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts. (medindex.am)

The glial-like sustentacular or type II cells are regarded to be supporting cells although they sustain physiologic neurogenesis in the adult CB and are thus supposed to be progenitor cells as well. (bvsalud.org)

Repaglinide blocks ATP-dependent potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, thereby causing depolarization of the cell membrane and subsequent opening of calcium channels. (medindex.am)

chemoreceptors respond indirectly to these chemicals. (freezingblue.com)
14. Central chemoreceptors do not respond directly to which parameter? (basicversity.com)

Transverse tubules (T tubules), which are extensions of the sarcolemma that penetrate cells, transmit electrical impulses from the sarcolemma inward, so electrical impulses penetrate deeply into the cell. (bladeresearchinc.com)

Skeletal muscle is actually formed by the fusion of hundreds of embryonic cells. (bladeresearchinc.com)

Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)

Other cell structures include the following:Each fiber is covered by a sarcolemma (plasma membrane). (bladeresearchinc.com)

Cardiac excitability refers to the amount of inward current needed by myocytes or myocardial cells, cells in the muscular middle layer of the heart, to depolarize or generate an action potential. (osmosis.org)

In 2009, researchers identified a potassium ion channel, called CNGK, that starts the electrical signal in the sperm cells of sea urchins. (elifesciences.org)
A. Potassium permeability is allowing the cell membrane to remain depolarized, and Ca2+ channel opens moving Ca2+ back into the cell. (nursingessay24x7.com)

PHD2 inactivation in Type I cells drives HIF-2α-dependent multilineage hyperplasia and the formation of paraganglioma-like carotid bodies. (ox.ac.uk)

The neuron-like glomus or type I cells are considered as the chemosensory cells of the CB. (bvsalud.org)
Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body. (lookformedical.com)

Key proliferation markers such as Ki-67 and BrdU are widely used to evaluate the proliferative status of the CB parenchymal cells in the initial phase of this neurogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

During most of the action potential, the myocardial cell is unable to depolarize again, and this is called the absolute refractory period . (osmosis.org)
Which of the following statements describes phase 4 of the action potential of cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node? (nursingessay24x7.com)

This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. (medindex.am)

False: pericytes are smooth muscle-like cells that stabilize capillaries and lie on the basementmembrane. (freezingblue.com)

Clear indices of cell death-myocyte disruption, coagulative necrosis, elevation of cardiac proteins in serum-are present by 24 hours. (spiritsong.org)

The organ consists of "glomera" composed of two cell types, glomus and sustentacular cells, interspersed by blood vessels and nerve bundles and separated by connective tissue. (bvsalud.org)

However, this concentration of almitrine significantly inhibited the Ca 2+ -dependent component of K + currents in rat chemoreceptor cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations2

Arterial chemoreceptor3

Peripheral chemoreceptor2

Neurotransmitters5

Carotid and aortic3

Afferent2

Mechanoreceptors1

Hypoxia9

Insulin secretion1

Secretion1

Stimulates1

Aortic2

Sensory3

Olfactory2

Molecules2

Physiological1

Transduction2

Neurons1

Stimuli1

Glomus cell4

Homeostasis2

Ventilation1

Stem1

Sodium4

Vesicles2

Detect1

Junctions2

Nerve cells1

Sensitivity3

Excitable1

Membrane potential3

Oxygen2

Influx2

Decreases1

Mediators2

Pathway1

Exocytosis1

Selective3

Adult1

Calcium channels1

Respond2

Extensions1

Embryonic1

Mast cells1

Structures1

Excitability1

Potassium2

Hyperplasia1

Neuron2

Proliferative1

Action potential2

Decrease1

Capillaries1

Cardiac1

Blood1

Concentration1