• These emissions often contain much larger percentages of combustion by-products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the initial petroleum products. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial density correlated positively with alkane degradation but not with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • This leads to globally significant environmental pollution, as oil contains hazardous compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can have toxic or mutagenic effects on organisms. (detlef-stein.de)
  • This view is supported by research demonstrating that they contain toxic chemicals within their structure and also adsorb additional chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from the environment. (researchgate.net)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • Some may be likely, some may be possible and some may be unlikely based on current knowledge (an example of the latter may be oxygenases that work on 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). (europa.eu)
  • Vibrio cholerae , and Staphylococcus aureus ) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2008). These enzymes cause aliphatic and aromatic hydroxidation, oxidative deamination, hydrolysis and other biochemical transformation of original oil substance leading to formation of large number of intermediate degradation products. (essaycompany.com)
  • Bioremediation by microorganisms is a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method for remediation of oil contamination from the environment which its success depends on microorganisms that are capable to remove of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. (ripi.ir)
  • Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are aliphatic hydrocarbons. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Alkanes - the homologous group of linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula C(n)H(2n+2). (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • A group of chemicals (also known as paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons) for which the carbon atoms are all linked by single covalent bonds. (itrcweb.org)
  • A group of chemicals (also known as paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons) for which the carbon atoms contain at least one double bond. (itrcweb.org)
  • However, the optimization of operational parameters is vital to avoid degradation of macromolecules and the oxidation of labile compounds. (mdpi.com)
  • There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
  • The PPS predicts plausible pathways for microbial degradation of chemical compounds. (europa.eu)
  • When pumped out of a well on land or in the seabed, crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of different chemical components, mainly organic compounds hydrocarbons which usually make up about 95 per cent of the crude oil (however, hydrocarbon contents as low as around 50 per cent also occur). (unep.org)
  • Aromatic - of or relating to organic compounds that resemble benzene in chemical behavior. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, carbon compounds (excluding aromatic compounds). (itrcweb.org)
  • Shifts in the bacterial community towards oil-degrading bacteria and genes may be a greater indicator of PAH degradation than bacterial density. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • 2006). So, crude oil degrading bacteria with the ability to produce biosurfactant is widely recommended for fast degradation of crude oil. (essaycompany.com)
  • Biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeasts are diverse in chemical composition and their nature and the amount depend on the type of microbes producing a particular biosurfactant. (essaycompany.com)
  • According to Vidyasagar (2016), biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different surfaces, and bacteria, fungi, and protists are the most common microorganism that forms this type of biofilm. (learnlifescience.com)
  • Actinomycetes - Any of numerous, generally filamentous, and often pathogenic, microorganisms resembling both bacteria and fungi. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments that are found in many microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Soil contamination, along with other degradation processes, can negatively affect soil health [8], often defined as "the capacity of a given soil to perform its functions as a living system capable of sustaining biological productivity, promoting environmental quality and maintaining plant and animal health" [9]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • However, it should be obvious that as the inevitable degradation processes of environmental plastic continues the amount of nanoplastics is only going to increase. (earthlife.net)
  • Generate degradation products that can be usead as a carbon source in biotechnological processes. (cartif.es)
  • In the case of riverbank filtration for water purification, the reliability of antibiotic attenuation has been called into question due to incomplete understanding of their degradation processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bioremediation of PCBs is the use of microorganisms to degrade PCBs from contaminated sites, relying on multiple microorganisms' co-metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bioremediation is a waste removal method that uses microorganisms to degrade or remove wastes like organic waste and heavy metal from contaminated sites including both soil and water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bioremediation is one such approach, but is dependent on the availability of microorganisms with the necessary metabolic abilities and environmental adaptability. (springeropen.com)
  • The success of any bioremediation approach depends on environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and nutritional constraints in contaminated sites (Joner et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Microorganisms from polluted environments hold the key to unlocking most of the challenges associated with bioremediation (Eze et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Bioremediation refers to the productive use of microorganisms to remove or detoxify pollutants, usually as contaminants of soils, water or sediments that otherwise intimidate human health. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The vast majority of bioremediation applications use naturally occurring microorganisms to identify and filter toxic waste before it is introduced into the environment or to clean up existing pollution problems. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Hydrocarbon biodegradation rates and the development of oil-degrading bacterial communities likely depend on the oil's composition and environmental conditions. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • The main purpose was the bacterial growth of Paracoccus, Alcanivorax venustensis and Alcanivorax borkumensis in hydrocarbon and oil substrates and thus their degradation. (tuc.gr)
  • Through successive enrichment of soil microorganisms from samples of an historic petroleum contaminated site in Wietze, Germany, we isolated a bacterial consortium using diesel fuel hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source. (springeropen.com)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • It is nearly impossible to avoid exposure to hydrocarbons from petroleum products, whether it is from gasoline fumes at the pump, spilled crankcase oil on asphalt, solvents used at home or work, or pesticide applications that use petroleum products as carriers. (cdc.gov)
  • There are concerns with both short-term (accidents) and long-term exposures to petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., contaminated drinking water). (cdc.gov)
  • This chapter addresses questions related to the first point: what are the levels of contamination in the environment, what happens to petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, and what is the likelihood that individuals or populations will be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons at levels thought to be of concern? (cdc.gov)
  • An understanding of the changes that occur over time in the composition of petroleum hydrocarbons found in soil, water, or air is extremely important in addressing public health issues for TPH. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the microbial community in a petroleum contaminated site, and isolate organisms potentially able to degrade hydrocarbons. (springeropen.com)
  • 2010 ). This is a major threat to both the environment and human health, due to the phytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of petroleum hydrocarbons. (springeropen.com)
  • 2004 ). Hence, the presence of microorganisms with the metabolic capability to degrade petroleum and the ability to adapt to a range of environmental conditions is a crucial factor (Das and Chandran 2011 ). (springeropen.com)
  • The term petroleum is nowadays used as a common denotation for crude oil (mineral oil) and natural gas, i.e., the hydrocarbons from which various oil and gas products are made. (unep.org)
  • If no BH pathway-capable microorganisms are present, dechlorinated PCBs can be mineralized with help of fungi and plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is because special microorganisms that are widespread in nature can feed on crude oil components and break them down into harmless substances. (detlef-stein.de)
  • However, a major limitation of microbial degradation of crude oil is its hyydrophobicity. (essaycompany.com)
  • The crude oil pumped from wells is a mixture of natural gas, water (formation water and/or production water) and hydrocarbons. (unep.org)
  • Some algae that exist in polluted water are being used as indicators of pollution, and some of the selective types of algae make or play the role in the degradation of industrial pollutants. (omicsonline.org)
  • Harmful effects depend on the concentration of pollutants, duration of exposure and the organism. (neetexampdf.com)
  • Because of incomplete oxidation, small amounts of hydrocarbon emissions result. (cdc.gov)
  • Our investigations using radioactively labeled hydrocarbons or a radioactively labeled amino acid showed that the highest rates of microbial hydrocarbon oxidation and protein synthesis occurred in the oil microcosms treated with rhamnolipid," says Prof. Lu Lu, who previously worked at the University of Tübingen and now works at the China West Normal University. (detlef-stein.de)
  • A hydrocarbon compound in which the carbon atoms are in a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic arrangement and are saturated or unsaturated. (itrcweb.org)
  • Lamentably, different anthropic activities are responsible for the current state of soil degradation through erosion, compaction, contamination, sealing, salinization and loss of organic matter and biodiversity [2]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • In order to provide baseline information to compare with future situations, this study analyzed the contamination of clam meat by microorganisms (fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Temporal evaluations at three sampling points in this area revealed year-round contamination by all microorganisms, i.e., a continuous risk for clam consumers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under REACH (ECHA 2008, Chapter R.7B - Endpoint Specific Guidance), the term 'Hydrolysis' refers to the "Decomposition or degradation of a chemical by reaction with water", and this is a function of pH (i.e. abiotic degradation) for the respective metal kations present in the submission item. (europa.eu)
  • Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil or water are not particularly valuable for assessing either the potential for exposure to TPH or the impacts of such exposure on public health. (cdc.gov)
  • PAH's is a group of hydrocarbons, which poses a possible health and pollution problem that can have a negative impact on soil, wildlife, groundwater and surface water. (nordicclays.com)
  • Toxic effects of oil and their products on the soil environment include enhancing hydrophobicity of soils, disturbance of water availability to vegetation, and direct toxicity to plants and microorganisms. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Can biosurfactants increase microbiological oil degradation in North Sea seawater? (detlef-stein.de)
  • Biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms and can increase the bioavailability of oil components. (detlef-stein.de)
  • Biosurfactants are classified in to two major group one is low molecular weight surface active agent call biosurfactant and high molecular weight substance called bio-emulsifier that is especially used as enhancement of emulsification of hydrocarbon. (essaycompany.com)
  • This means that they do not depend on the replication machinery of the host cell and can make copies of themselves using their own origin of replication (OR) and enzymes. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Pollution occurrence depends on the level of contaminant transported. (scirp.org)
  • There are several types of pollution, which depends on the polluting substances. (speedypaper.com)
  • The need of the hour is to check the degradation and depletion of our precious natural resources and pollution without halting the process of development. (neetexampdf.com)
  • Various microorganisms are involved in a two-stage process of degradation of PCBs, which happens in aerobic and anaerobic environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microorganisms play a key role in oil weathering in marine environments. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • In a study on biofilm, Stoodley (2002) showed that biofilm formation seems to be an ancient and fundamental part of the life cycles of many microorganisms and essential for survival in diverse environments. (learnlifescience.com)
  • Biofilm formation represents a protected mode of growth that not only allows cells to survive in hostile environments but also to colonize new niches by dispersal of microorganisms from the microbial clusters. (learnlifescience.com)
  • Anaerobic microorganisms dechlorinate PCBs first, and other microorganisms that are capable of doing BH pathway can break down the dechlorinated PCBs to usable intermediates like acyl-CoA or carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively. (neetexampdf.com)
  • Unfortunately, however, in recent years there have been recorded accidents both in the extraction and transport of oil through the water routes that have caused a huge ecological disaster.The present dissertation through the experimental part, that constitutes it simulates the bioenforcement of oil in seawater by microorganisms. (tuc.gr)
  • In a study from the U.S. published in 2015, we demonstrated that-contrary to expectation-chemical dispersants in deep-sea water from the Gulf of Mexico can slow down microbial oil degradation," says Prof. Sara Kleindienst, who worked at the University of Tübingen until 2022 and now works at the University of Stuttgart. (detlef-stein.de)
  • However, the chlorines on PCBs prevent them from being utilized as a substrate of biphenyl degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there are few microorganisms that can dechlorinate substrate under natural conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, hydrocarbon oxygenation reactions are quite possible, but may or may not be likely to occur depending on what the substrate is. (europa.eu)
  • However, if the concentration is too low (lower than 50 mg/kg), the degradation slows down significantly, for there is not enough material to stimulate the expression of required genes and support the growth of competent microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • He also mentions that microorganisms produce a wide variety of QS signaling molecules that can be self-recognized in a concentration-dependent manner and subsequently induce or suppress the expression of QS-controlled genes. (learnlifescience.com)
  • In its genes it car-ries the blue-prints for en-zymes that can ac-tiv-ate and de-com-pose vari-ous hy-dro-car-bons. (scitechdaily.com)
  • However, due to the chlorination, PCBs can be used as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration to store energy, which is also the first stage of the degradation pathway, reductive dechlorination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the PCBs are dechlorinated to a certain degree, usually lower than five chlorines presenting in the structure and one aromatic ring has no chlorine, they can undergo the biphenyl degradation pathway (BP pathway) to be degraded to accessible carbon or CO2 in the aerobic environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, PCBs usually go through a co-metabolism pathway that involving different microorganism species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Figure below shows the complete degradation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • The increase in population and its attendant problems (depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, conflicts and wars, lack of adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment, high cost of living and increase in anthropogenic activities) have placed stress on the available global fresh water leading to water crisis in the world. (scirp.org)
  • Some microorganisms feed on materials toxic to others. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Microorganisms have been used for many years to remove organic matter and toxic chemicals from domestic and manufacturing waste discharge. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Aggregate - coarse mineral material ( e.g. , sand, gravel) that is mixed with either cement to form concrete or tarry hydrocarbons to form asphalt. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • A biofilm forms when certain microorganisms adhere to the surface of some object in a moist environment and begin to reproduce. (learnlifescience.com)
  • PCBs share the basic chemical structure of biphenyl and one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the aromatic rings are replaced by chlorine atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microorganisms can convert oil into natural gas, i.e. methane. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The released GHGs are attributed to energy requirements for composting plants' operation and to the biochemical reactions within the organic waste itself, which produces CO 2 , methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) due to the mineralization and degradation of organic matters [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Communities have depended on complex populations of naturally occurring microbes for sewage treatment for over a century. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Therefore, the subject of study and research with the name "Research on the ability of decolorization of reactive dyes and degradation of herbicides/dioxin by microbes producing laccase" has been conducted. (net.vn)
  • In such oil spill incidents, large quantities of chemical dispersants, ranging in the millions of liters depending on the amount of oil, are routinely applied to dissolve oil slicks, prevent oil from reaching coastlines, and enhance oil dispersion in the water. (detlef-stein.de)
  • These clusters are often encased in an outer polymer layer that can be produced by the microorganism or by the defensive mechanisms of the colonized host. (learnlifescience.com)
  • Treatments using bottom water inoculated with unfiltered surface water incubated at 24°C consistently showed the highest alkane degradation rate, though no general pattern emerged for which inoculant yielded higher alkane degradation in alkane. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Inversely, PAH degradation rates were faster at 4°C in treatments using filtered and unfiltered surface water. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Water quality depends on several factors. (speedypaper.com)
  • Acidity, pH varies depending on the components of water resources. (speedypaper.com)
  • These themes interact in the context of environmental degradation of coastal zones, where impaired food safety may increase poverty and compromise human well-being. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The governments of Florida and Bermuda are planting red mangrove trees along their beaches in an attempt to preserve and promote unique coastal ecosystems from further degradation ("Red mangrove", 2013). (animaldiversity.org)
  • This can thus enhance microbial oil degradation, which is crucial for purification. (detlef-stein.de)
  • It is expected that the clays will dissolve in nature after 2- 6 years, depending on environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, and microbial activity. (nordicclays.com)
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency indicated that implementing in situ degradation will result in cost savings of 50 to 80% over traditional methods such as excavation and landfill incineration (USEPA 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
  • The aim of environmental biotechnology is to prevent, arrest and reverse environmental degradation through the appropriate use of biotechnology in combination with other technologies, while supporting safety procedures as a primary component of the programme. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • They contain a hydrophilic group, that contain an acid, peptide cations, or anions, mono-, di- or polysaccharides and a hydrophobic group of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon chains or fatty acids. (essaycompany.com)
  • Alkenes - the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons having the general formula C(n)H(2n) and characterized by being highly chemically reactive. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Alkynes - the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with a triple Carbon-Carbon bond having the general formula C(n)H(2n-2). (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Faced with the traditional options for managing these wastes, DELOREAN investigates a cascade recovery process consisting of therchemical degradations followed by biotechnological fermentations to transform them into bio-products. (cartif.es)
  • Modification of degradation conditions to obtain the most favorable products for fermentations with microorganisms. (cartif.es)
  • And it holds true for both discharges of 'wet' oil products and for hydrocarbons in gaseous form. (unep.org)
  • Triclosan (TCS), a chlorinated aromatic compound containing phenol and ether functional groups, is an antimicrobial and antibacterial agent in many consumer products, notably hand sanitizers and aerosol sprays. (scirp.org)
  • Research into the genetics, biochemistry and physiology of exploitable microorganisms is rapidly being translated into commercially available technologies for reversing and preventing further deterioration of the earth's environment. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The microorganisms form an attachment to the surface of the object by secreting a slimy, glue-like substance. (learnlifescience.com)
  • Microorganisms are well known for the production of flavor and aroma chemicals for the past 60 years. (medcraveonline.com)