• Box C/D RNAs are associated with four snoRNP core proteins: NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and 15.5 kDa [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Box C/D RNAs contain the following functional elements: boxes C and D, which are essential for snoRNA interaction with specific proteins, and a guide sequence that determines the nucleotide to be modified (Figure 1(a) ). (hindawi.com)
  • For some genes, the abundance of the circular RNA exceeds that of the associated linear mRNA by a factor of 10, raising the interesting possibility that the function of some protein-coding genes may actually be to produce circular noncoding RNAs, not proteins. (bcm.edu)
  • Identification of Miranda Associated Proteins and RNA in Drosophila melanogaster Neuroblasts. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • Transfer RNAs help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The transfer RNAs associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia are present in mitochondria and help assemble the proteins that carry out the steps of oxidative phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Altered expression of shelterin regulatory proteins, tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1) and TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 (Tin2), was observed in PBMCs and lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • RNAP IV belongs to a family of enzymes that catalyze the process of transcription known as RNA Polymerases, which synthesize RNA from DNA templates. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, important zinc metalloenzymes include alkaline phosphatase, RNA polymerases, and alcohol dehydrogenase ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Such an evolutionary pathway is supported by the fact that RNAP IV is composed of 12 protein subunits that are either similar or identical to RNA polymerase II, and is specific to plant genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNAP IVa was specified to be RNAP IV while RNAP IVb became known as RNAP V. RNA Polymerase IV is composed of 12 protein subunits that are either similar or identical to the 12 subunits composing RNA Polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Next, DICER-Like Protein 3 (DLP3), an enzyme which slices double stranded RNA substrates, cleaves the double stranded precursor into siRNAs that are each 24 nucleotides long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deep sequencing has revealed thousands of eukaryotic protein-coding genes that defy the central dogma, producing circular noncoding RNAs rather than linear messenger RNAs. (bcm.edu)
  • In total, these results indicate that inhibition or slowing of canonical pre-mRNA processing events shifts the steady-state output of protein-coding genes towards circular RNAs, which likely helps explain why and how circular RNAs show tissue-specific expression profiles. (bcm.edu)
  • For this, the Sfmbt protein complex was affinity purified from the nuclear extract, followed by highly specific peptide sequencing (IP/LC-MS). As a result, a number of previously uncharacterized Sfmbt interactions were discovered. (sdbonline.org)
  • Evidence is provided that Hangover acts as a nuclear RNA binding protein and the phosphodiesterase 4d ortholog dunce as a target RNA. (sdbonline.org)
  • The hang gene encodes a large, approximately 210-kDa nuclear zinc finger protein that is expressed in most, if not all, neurons in the adult brain (Scholz, 2005). (sdbonline.org)
  • FTO is a novel protein and a member of the non-heme dioxygenase (Fe(II)-and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) superfamily. (thermofisher.com)
  • The levels and subcellular distribution of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR have been measured in human Daudi cells and stably transfected mouse NIH 3T3 cells expressing the human protein kinase. (pasteur.fr)
  • RNA polymerase-associated protein RapA (EC 3.6.4. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Mutant CDK13 fails to activate nuclear RNA surveillance, causing aberrant protein-coding transcripts to be stabilized and translated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Simplified, all viruses consist of a protein shell (capsid) that protects the viral genome (DNA or RNA). (lu.se)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • CHD6 is a DNA-dependent ATPase and localizes at nuclear sites of mRNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • To expand understanding of the role of snoRNAs in control of gene expression, in this study we tested the ability of artificial box C/D RNAs to affect the maturation of target pre-mRNA. (hindawi.com)
  • We found that transfection of artificial box C/D snoRNA analogues directed to HSPA8 pre-mRNAs into human cells induced suppression of the target mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
  • The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • Inasmuch as artificial box C/D RNAs decreased viability of transfected human cells, we propose that natural snoRNAs as well as their artificial analogues can influence the maturation of complementary pre-mRNA and can be effective regulators of vital cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Using such an approach, it was shown that introducing sequences complementary to a selected pre-mRNA into box C/D RNA structures allowed knockdown of the target mRNA [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In particular, we are interested in determining how cellular cues can alter the ratio of linear mRNA to circular RNA for a given gene. (bcm.edu)
  • Here, we highlight that an important RNA sequence region, encompassing an exon-intron hairpin loop (also called IDX-rasISS1), of the H-Ras pre-mRNA may encode an ncRNA that regulates p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
  • The nucleolus: a nuclear compartment with impact on cytoplasmic mRNA localization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Role of nuclear RNP assembly in cytoplasmic mRNA localization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A - D, conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs. (cdc.gov)
  • This study provides insight into how nuclear Hangover/RNA signaling is linked to the cytoplasmic regulation of cAMP levels and results in neuronal adaptation and behavioral changes (Ruppert, 2017). (sdbonline.org)
  • R-loop-derived cytoplasmic RNA-DNA hybrids activate an immune response. (stanford.edu)
  • 5-7), we observed XPG- and XPF-dependent cytoplasmic hybrid formation. (stanford.edu)
  • In particular, the separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA has become important in the context of cancer cells and the quest to find new targets for drugs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Purchasing kits for nuclear-cytoplasmic RNA extraction can be costly when many of the required materials can be found within a typical lab setting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using the present method, which can replace more expensive kits or other time-consuming processes, only a homemade lysis buffer, a benchtop centrifuge, and RNA isolation purification columns are needed to isolate nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Once the centrifugation has isolated the different components, an RNA clean-up kit is utilized to purify the RNA content, and qPCR is performed to validate the separation quality, quantified by the amount of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA in the different fractions. (bvsalud.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
  • 25 BARD1 also regulates the subcellular localisation of BRCA1, both by translocating BRCA1 into the nucleus and by inhibiting its nuclear export. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, this system can be adapted for the isolation of different types of RNA (total, small RNA, etc.), which allows for targeted studying of cytoplasm-nucleus interactions, and aids in understanding the differences in the function of RNA that reside in the nucleus and cytoplasm. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus (nuclear DNA), mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA, called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Artificially colored electron micrographs of HSV-1 at the cell membrane (a), in transport to the nucleus (b), and bound at a nuclear pore complex (NPC) embedded within the nuclear envelope (c). (lu.se)
  • In this closed state, chromatin structure becomes an obstacle for eukaryotic transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase machinery and most transcription factors (TFs). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • 26 The suggested role in TP53 dependent apoptotic signalling 27 and interaction with the ankyrin repeats of proto-oncoprotein BCL3, thereby possibly modulating the activity of transcription factor NFKB, 28 represent BRCA1 independent functions of BARD1. (bmj.com)
  • Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)
  • A heterochromatin-dependent transcription machinery drives piRNA expression. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • Direct visualization of transcription-replication conflicts reveals post-replicative DNA:RNA hybrids. (stanford.edu)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Almost any sequence can now be efficiently circularized in eukaryotic cells, which has enabled us (and others) to begin to ask how circular RNAs function. (bcm.edu)
  • The conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ski2-like RNA helicase Mtr4p plays essential roles in eukaryotic nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
  • Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. (nature.com)
  • Herr, A. J. Pathways through the small RNA world of plants. (nature.com)
  • Tao Q, Tianyu W, Jiangqiao Z, Zhongbao C, Xiaoxiong M, Long Z, Jilin Z. Tripartite Motif 8 Deficiency Relieves Hepatic Ischaemia/reperfusion Injury via TAK1-dependent Signalling Pathways. (ijbs.com)
  • In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Trim8 deficiency plays a protective role in hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting the activation of TAK1-dependent signalling pathways. (ijbs.com)
  • RNA surveillance pathways detect and degrade defective transcripts to ensure RNA fidelity. (bvsalud.org)
  • to other RNAs may initiate epige- cleus pathways. (who.int)
  • Zinc inhibits SARS-CoV RNA polymerase, and thus its replication capacity. (frontiersin.org)
  • RNA helicase activity of Mtr4p is critical for biological functions of the enzyme, but the molecular basis for RNA unwinding is not understood. (nature.com)
  • Most mature circular RNAs accumulate in the cytoplasm, and we revealed the first insights into how their nuclear export is controlled in a length-dependent manner. (bcm.edu)
  • Here we identify a new population of RNA-DNA hybrids in the cytoplasm that are R-loop-processing products. (stanford.edu)
  • These findings establish RNA-DNA hybrids as immunogenic species that aberrantly accumulate in the cytoplasm after R-loop processing, linking R-loop accumulation to cell death through the innate immune response. (stanford.edu)
  • piRNA-guided slicing of transposon transcripts enforces their transcriptional silencing via specifying the nuclear piRNA repertoire. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • piRNA-guided slicing specifies transcripts for Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA biogenesis. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • The nascent RNA binding complex SFiNX licenses piRNA-guided heterochromatin formation. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • Instead gene-dense and transcriptionally active chromatin is shifted to the periphery of individual condensed chromosome territories where nascent RNA becomes highly enriched around their outer surface. (cipsm.de)
  • RNA silencing genes control de novo DNA methylation. (nature.com)
  • Via its synthesis of siRNA, RNAP IV is involved in regulation of heterochromatin formation in a process known as RNA directed DNA Methylation (RdDM). (wikipedia.org)
  • The largest subunit is encoded by NRPD1 (formerly NRPD1a), while the second largest subunit is encoded by NRPD2 and is shared with RNAP V. These subunits contain carboxyl-terminal domains (CTDs) which are necessary for the production of 20-30% of the siRNAs produced by RNA Polymerase IV, yet are not required for DNA methylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process is referred to as RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) or Pol IV-mediated silencing as the introduction of these methyl groups by siRNAs silence both transposons and repetitive sequences of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • rRNAs and snRNAs are the main natural targets of 2′-O-methylation that is mediated by box C/D RNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • Arsenic exposure of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced nuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and PRMT4, histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation proximal to the ARE, but not to the non-ARE regions of ferritin genes. (embl.de)
  • Arginine methylation-dependent reader-writer interplay governs growth control by E2F-1. (embl.de)
  • Methylation by PRMT1 hinders methylation by PRMT5, which augments E2F-1-dependent apoptosis, whereas PRMT5-dependent methylation favors proliferation by antagonizing methylation by PRMT1. (embl.de)
  • Here we report the map-based cloning of mop1 , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RDRP), most similar to the RDRP in plants that is associated with the production of short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting chromatin 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
  • We propose that the mop1 RDRP is required to maintain a threshold level of repeat RNA, which functions in trans to establish and maintain the heritable chromatin states associated with paramutation. (nature.com)
  • Bernstein, E. & Allis, C. D. RNA meets chromatin. (nature.com)
  • Cell cycle markers, histone signatures, and tests for cellular senescence and for oxidative stress indicate that chaetocin induced chromatin condensation/clustering (CICC) represents a distinct entity among nuclear phenotypes associated with condensed chromatin. (cipsm.de)
  • however, the conventional nuclear architecture harboring gene-dense chromatin in the nuclear interior and gene-poor chromatin at the nuclear periphery is lost. (cipsm.de)
  • RNA polymerase IV (RNAP IV) is an enzyme that synthesizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) in plants, which silence gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the first step of heterochromatin formation, RNAP IV couples with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase known as RDR2 to make a double stranded precursor to siRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • SMRT knockdown decreased the activity of two p53-dependent reporter genes as well as the expression of p53 target genes, such as CDKN1A (which encodes p21). (nih.gov)
  • NAT10 knockdown or mutagenesis erases ac4C modifications of PAN RNA and increases its instability, and prevents KSHV reactivation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) are commonly known to be involved in the processing of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). (hindawi.com)
  • Sloan, K.E., Bohnsack, M.T., Schneider, C. & Watkins, N.J. The roles of SSU processome components and surveillance factors in the initial processing of human ribosomal RNA. (nature.com)
  • Microarray analyses of MCF-7 cells transfected with control or SMRT small interfering RNA revealed SMRT regulation of genes involved in DNA damage responses, and the levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage were elevated in SMRT-depleted cells treated with doxorubicin. (nih.gov)
  • Initially, two observations prompted the present study: i) previous results revealed down-regulation of p68 RNA helicase resulting from overexpression of the IDX hairpin loop in HeLa cells, and ii) the secondary structure of the IDX hairpin loop resembles pri-miRNAs, implying that an miRNA could be processed from the hairpin loop-containing pri-miRNA and regulate 68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
  • FXR, and possibly other nuclear receptors, may promote homeostasis not only by regulating expression of appropriate metabolic target genes but also by driving homeotrophic liver growth. (nih.gov)
  • The silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) is an established histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent transcriptional corepressor. (nih.gov)
  • van Hoof, A., Lennertz, P. & Parker, R. Yeast exosome mutants accumulate 3′-extended polyadenylated forms of U4 small nuclear RNA and small nucleolar RNAs. (nature.com)
  • Model for requirement of tandem repeats for RDRP amplification of RNA. (nature.com)
  • Wang, X., Jia, H., Jankowsky, E. & Anderson, J.T. Degradation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p. (nature.com)
  • RNA degradation by the exosome is promoted by a nuclear polyadenylation complex. (nature.com)
  • Callahan, K.P. & Butler, J.S. TRAMP complex enhances RNA degradation by the nuclear exosome component Rrp6. (nature.com)
  • Combining EM and immuno-labeling on locus-specific head-on TRCs in bacteria, we observed the frequent accumulation of DNA:RNA hybrids behind replication forks. (stanford.edu)
  • Activating nuclear RNA surveillance is crucial to avoid accumulation of aberrant RNAs and their ensuing consequences in development and disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5FMC is a nuclear complex that can only be recruited by Chtop when the latter is arginine-methylated by Prmt1. (embl.de)
  • The RNA helicase Mtr4p modulates polyadenylation in the TRAMP complex. (nature.com)
  • A new yeast poly(A) polymerase complex involved in RNA quality control. (nature.com)
  • Johnson, S.J. & Jackson, R.N. Ski2-like RNA helicase structures: common themes and complex assemblies. (nature.com)
  • Characterization of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Complex Bur1-2 and its Interaction with RPA. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 24 In vivo substrates for the ubiquitination are not yet known, but involvement of the RNA polymerase-2 holoenzyme has been proposed. (bmj.com)
  • Anderson, J.T. & Wang, X. Nuclear RNA surveillance: no sign of substrates tailing off. (nature.com)
  • However, every exon does not circularize, and, in some cases, multiple exons are present in a circular RNA. (bcm.edu)
  • We propose that this is because cross-exon interactions are not easily replaced with cross-intron interactions, thereby causing spliceosomes to preferentially assemble across an exon and generate a circular RNA. (bcm.edu)
  • Using genetic and single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis in mice, the researchers found that being female confers striking protection against ferroptosis through a particular pathway called nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, or NRF2. (eurasiareview.com)
  • A Heterochromatin-Specific RNA Export Pathway Facilitates piRNA Production. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • We found recurrent mutations in genes encoding nuclear RNA surveillance components in many malignancies, establishing nuclear RNA surveillance as a tumor-suppressive pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results indicate that exposure to WF down-regulated lungs POT1 which in turn activated ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling and telomere elongation in the lungs, as well as activation of telomerase-independent pathway, an alternative mechanism leading to telomere elongation in PBMCs. (cdc.gov)
  • By revealing the fundamental mechanisms by which circular RNAs are generated, we have developed plasmid and viral-based methods for ectopically expressing circular RNAs. (bcm.edu)
  • These mechanisms include a role for the human -1607GG polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for an accentuated response, which critically depends on the ability of beta-arrestin1/2 to generate scaffolding and nuclear trafficking of phosphorylated ERK1/2. (duke.edu)
  • Within these neurons, two cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanisms balance the degree of tolerance. (sdbonline.org)
  • B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. (cipsm.de)
  • The snoRNA-dependent modifications are catalyzed by small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs). (hindawi.com)
  • A universal method for the rapid isolation of all known classes of functional silencing small RNAs. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • The protease not only releases small peptides, such as the amyloid-β peptide, which drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but also intracellular domains, which can have critical functions in nuclear signaling. (cipsm.de)
  • Collectively, these data highlight a biological role for SMRT in mediating DNA damage responses and suggest a model where p53 binding to the DAD limits HDAC3 interaction with this coregulator, thereby facilitating SMRT coactivation of p53-dependent gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • a) Schematics of a guide box C/D snoRNA structure and the interaction between a snoRNA and target RNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • We further show that RNA unwinding by Mtr4p requires interaction with upstream RNA duplex. (nature.com)
  • Finally, alternative splicing microarrays containing apoptosis targets were incubated to verify whether pre-mRNAs other than H-Ras could also present a similar hairpin loop structure regulated by p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
  • Figure 2: Mtr4p unwinding rates versus tether tension and nucleotide composition for unwinding the 16-bp RNA hairpin. (nature.com)
  • This indicates that an inhibitory feedback mechanism acting on the p68 RNA helicase is mediated by higher structural levels of the hairpin-loop. (lidsen.com)
  • To validate our hypothesis , we directly compared p68 RNA sequences and the hairpin loop in silico . (lidsen.com)
  • Furthermore, RNAi assays containing the hairpin loop as an miRNA precursor were conducted, using the pTer vector, to explore the effects on 68 RNA helicase expression levels. (lidsen.com)
  • Moreover, a similar effect on p68 RNA helicase-mediated interference is observed during the upregulation of the hairpin loop. (lidsen.com)
  • This pivotal finding presents a platform for discovery of a new class of broad-spectrum treatments for herpesviruses and other viral infections with genome-pressure-dependent replication. (lu.se)
  • Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that is characterized by high production of lipid ROS (L-ROS) as a result of inactivation of cellular glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant defenses. (researchsquare.com)
  • R-loops are RNA-DNA-hybrid-containing nucleic acids with important cellular roles. (stanford.edu)
  • In some cases, mutations in nuclear DNA are responsible for the condition, including mutations in the POLG , TWNK , RRM2B , and SLC25A4 genes, among others. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations occur in genes that provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNAs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Experimental systems where major reorganization of nuclear architecture can be induced under defined conditions, may help to better understand the functional implications of such changes. (cipsm.de)
  • These RNAi analyses were quantified by Western blots (using anti-p68 RNA helicase and anti-EIF 2 α ) and Fluc/Rluc 3'UTRs/CDS assays. (lidsen.com)
  • These post-replicative structures are linked to fork slowing and reversal across conflict regions and are distinct from physiological DNA:RNA hybrids at Okazaki fragments. (stanford.edu)
  • Surprisingly, when spliceosome components were depleted or inhibited pharmacologically, the steady-state levels of circular RNAs increased while expression of their associated linear mRNAs concomitantly decreased. (bcm.edu)
  • Short interfering RNA mediated beta-arrestin1/2 knockout eliminated formation, subsequent nuclear trafficking of phosphorylated ERK1/2, and resulting MMP-1 transcriptional activation. (duke.edu)
  • To date, various genome-scale loss-of-function screening methods have been developed, including approaches employing RNA interference 1 , 2 and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune system 3 , 4 . (cdc.gov)
  • We further developed improved methods for circular RNA identification and purification using RNase R by identifying a way to better remove linear RNAs containing G-quadruplexes or structured 3' ends. (bcm.edu)
  • Although mechanistically simple, this step occurs in a highly selective manner, as the sequence of the repeats can drastically alter the efficiency of circular RNA production. (bcm.edu)
  • Bernstein, J., Patterson, D.N., Wilson, G.M. & Toth, E.A. Characterization of the essential activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtr4p, a 3′>5′ helicase partner of the nuclear exosome. (nature.com)
  • Bernstein, J. & Toth, E.A. Yeast nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
  • Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
  • a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are five distinct thresholds of gene activity in response to the Dorsal nuclear gradient in early embryos. (sdbonline.org)
  • Within the tightly packed nuclear interior, which lacks defining membranes, various structurally distinct compartments and nuclear bodies (NBs) exist. (rupress.org)
  • Here, we identify a role for nuclear receptor-dependent bile acid signaling in normal liver regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential components of the cAMP signaling cascade and fine-tune cyclic nucleotide signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • de la Cruz, J., Kressler, D., Tollervey, D. & Linder, P. Dob1p (Mtr4p) is a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase required for the 3′ end formation of 5.8S rRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (nature.com)