Dependent genes cyclin dependent kinase 4. Medical search. Frequent questions

The INK and CIP/KIP families of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis) protect cells from oncogenic signals-initiated cellular transformation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Our data characterize phosp27-CDK4-CycD1 as an active Rb kinase that is refractory to clinically relevant CDK4/6 inhibitors. (rcsb.org)
1 Although endocrine therapies are typically used to treat the disease, many patients develop resistance to first-line cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and estrogen receptor-targeting treatments, which emphasizes the need for superior endocrine therapy-based options. (pharmaceuticalcommerce.com)
Treatments discussed include cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, antibody drug conjugates, and targeted therapies against phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha ( PIK3CA ), estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1 ), and poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), among others. (amegroups.org)
With the continued success of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, an emerging generation of selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), and new antibody drug-conjugates (ADCs), the landscape and sequencing of hormone receptor positive (HR + ) MBC has become increasingly complicated. (amegroups.org)
Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
Novel pathway inhibitors, such as the experimental compound PD0332991 targeting cyclin-dependent kinases, affect cell-cycle progression and hold great promise. (ascopost.com)
Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanism of phosphate-dependent activation of the glutaminases and focus on the importance from the advancement of allosteric inhibitors when focusing on GAC in tumors. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
8-13 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib) have dramatically changed the treatment landscape and outcomes for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), one of the most common STS subtypes. (emjreviews.com)
[ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)

Prior to G1 phase, levels of Cdk4 and Cdk6 increase along with cyclin D. This allows for the partial phosphorylation of Rb, and partial activation of E2F at the beginning of G1 phase, which promotes cyclin E synthesis and increased Cdk2 activity. (wikipedia.org)
We found that p27, when phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases, allosterically activated CDK4 in complex with cyclin D1 (CDK4-CycD1). (rcsb.org)
Structural and biochemical data revealed that binding of phosphorylated p27 (phosp27) to CDK4 altered the kinase adenosine triphosphate site to promote phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and other substrates. (rcsb.org)
CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (ayassbioscience.com)
Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. (ayassbioscience.com)
Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex. (ayassbioscience.com)
The Cyclin D-Cdk4,6/INK4/Rb/E2F pathway plays a key role in controlling cell growth by integrating multiple mitogenic and antimitogenic stimuli. (nih.gov)
This pathway is deregulated in the vast majority of human tumors by genetic and epigenetic alterations that target at least some of its key members such as Cyclin D1, Cdk4, INK4a and INK4b, pRb etc. (nih.gov)
Has had disease progression on more than one cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor or has progressed more than once on the same CDK4/6 inhibitor. (survivornet.com)
2. E2F is released when RB is phosphorylated by the cyclinD/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) complex, 3. (ctsqena.com)
BACKGROUND: : Inherited mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the p16(INK4a) protein, and in the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene confer susceptibility to cutaneous malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
We analyzed families with two or more cases of melanoma for germline mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4 to elucidate the contribution of these gene defects to familial malignant melanoma and to the occurrence of other cancer types. (lu.se)
METHODS: : The entire CDKN2A coding region and exon 2 of the CDK4 gene of an affected member of each of 52 families from southern Sweden with at least two cases of melanoma in first- or second-degree relatives were screened for mutations by use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. (lu.se)
Another green tea uterine fibroids study showed significant decreases in proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) for tumors reduced in volume and weight (Zhang D et al, Green tea extract inhibits proliferation of unterine leiomyoma cells in vitro and in nude mice, American Journal Obstet Gynecol, March 2010). (green-tea-health-news.com)

In particular, the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene located on chromosomal region 9p21 frequently is altered in several types of cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
The tumor suppressor gene p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (CDKN2A) is located within the chromosomal region 9p21 and encodes a cell-cycle protein that is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-4 and -6. (iiarjournals.org)
Five out of eight cases (63%) displayed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) abnormalities, either copy number loss (n = 4) or truncating mutations (n = 1). (lu.se)

A different type of alteration involving the CDKN2A gene can result in reduced amounts or an absence of the p16(INK4A) or p14(ARF) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The CDKN2A gene mutations found in melanoma result in a nonfunctional p16(INK4A) protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, also known as Cdk1 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk2 is capable of binding to many different cyclins, including cyclins A, B, E, and possibly C. Recent studies suggest Cdk2 binds preferentially to cyclins A and E, while Cdk1 prefers cyclins A and B. Cdk2 becomes active when a cyclin protein (either A or E) binds at the active site located between the N and C lobes of the kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Orthologous to human CDK2AP1 (cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1). (nih.gov)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associating protein 1 commits murine embryonic stem cell differentiation through retinoblastoma protein regulation. (nih.gov)
8 9 This lack of an absolute phenotype:genotype concordance could be attributed to incomplete screening of the p53 gene, inactivation of the p53 protein through interaction with other cellular proteins or viruses, or defects in other genes involved in p53 mediated cell cycle regulatory pathways. (bmj.com)
Defects of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/cyclin-D1/p16 pathway have been shown to play a critical role in the development of human malignancies. (iiarjournals.org)
The p27 protein is a canonical negative regulator of cell proliferation and acts primarily by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (rcsb.org)
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase or proto-oncogene c-RAF is an enzyme encoded by the RAF1 gene. (globaldata.com)
The RAF Proto Oncogene Serine, Threonine Protein Kinase (Proto Oncogene c RAF or RAF1 or EC 2.7.11.1) pipeline drugs market research report provides comprehensive information on the RAF Proto Oncogene Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (Proto Oncogene c RAF or RAF1 or EC 2.7.11.1) targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA), and molecule type. (globaldata.com)
It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (ayassbioscience.com)
MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (merckmanuals.com)
Our aim is to explore approaches to collecting information from multiple sub-clinical traits (e.g., gene expression, protein levels, metabolite measurements) in search for loci responsible for complex diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key enzyme which regulates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, representing a pharmacological target for tumor therapy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes including proliferation and survival. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Burden tests were performed for protein-truncating and rare missense variants in 15,616 and 18,601 genes, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Associations between protein-truncating variants and breast cancer were identified for the following six genes at exome-wide significance (P? (cdc.gov)
The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)

At the cellular level, the process is controlled by different levels of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their partner cyclins. (wikipedia.org)
Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a complex which phosphorylates proteins that drive the cell through the cell cycle. (ctsqena.com)

The CDKN2A gene provides instructions for making several proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are found in up to one-quarter of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are also associated with melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
CDKN2A gene mutations are found in up to 40 percent of familial cases of melanoma, in which multiple family members develop the cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
In about half of melanomas, part or all of the CDKN2A gene is missing (deleted). (medlineplus.gov)
In many other cases, the CDKN2A gene has a mutation or is turned off (inactive). (medlineplus.gov)
Individuals with a CDKN2A gene mutation tend to develop melanoma at an earlier age than those without a mutation in the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Germline mutations affecting the CDKN2A gene are associated with other cancers, including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
In some families, CDKN2A gene mutations are associated with development of only one type of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
CDKN2A gene mutations involved in cancer impair production of functional p16(INK4A) or, less commonly, p14(ARF), which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
also known as CDK4I, Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A, Multiple tumor suppressor 1, MTS-1, p16-INK4, p16-INK4a, p16INK4A) is encoded by the CDKN2A (also known as CDKN2, MTS1) gene (Gene ID 1029) in human. (sigmaaldrich.com)
INK4a and INK4b (encoded by the CDKN2A and CDKN2B gene, respectively) constitute the INK4 subfamily of CDKis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
All four cases with loss of the CDKN2A locus (encoding p16 and p14arf) also exhibited loss of the neighboring CDKN2B gene (encoding p15ink4b), and displayed reduced CDKN2A/2B mRNA levels. (lu.se)
0001). Families with breast cancer also had a propensity for multiple melanomas in females, suggesting that a sex-dependent factor may modify the phenotypic expression of CDKN2A alterations. (lu.se)

Many HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancers carry genetic mutations in AKT pathway genes, which promote tumor growth and may lead to endocrine resistance, affecting up to 50% of patients with advanced HR-positive breast cancer. (pharmaceuticalcommerce.com)
Given a particular regulatory/metabolic pathway that is important in the development of a disease, we use the expression levels of genes in the pathway to map the loci affecting the pathway, thus affecting the clinical outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
The components of this pathway are gene families with a high level of structural and functional redundancy and are expressed in an overlapping fashion in most tissues and cell types. (nih.gov)
Using classical transgenic technology as well as gene-targeting in ES cells, a series of mouse models have been developed to study the in vivo function of individual components of this pathway in both normal homeostasis and tumor development. (nih.gov)
A rescue study showed that the induction of autophagy and activation of the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway by ebastine treatment were reversed by IPMK knockdown, indicating that the activity of ebastine was IPMK dependent. (ijbs.com)
We provide experimental evidence demonstrating that ebastine has antitumor activity in osteosarcoma and promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway, which is IPMK dependent. (ijbs.com)
Genes were up-regulated in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) pathways and inhibited in the NfkappaB-dependent inflammatory pathway (Zhang D et al, Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of epigallocatechin gallate on human leiomyoma cells, Fertil Steril, October 2009). (green-tea-health-news.com)
It is well established that most TSH effects on the thyroid gland, including stimulation of proliferation, thyroid hormone synthesis and expression of thyroid-specific genes, are transmitted mainly by the adenylate cyclise pathway. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

18-20 p16 INK4a shares functional similarities with p53 in that it blocks progression through the cell cycle at G1/S by inhibiting CDK 4/6 mediated phosphorylation of Rb. (bmj.com)
As a result, it negatively regulates cyclin-D-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) gene product, thus blocking cell-cycle progression from G 1 -to S-phase ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. (ayassbioscience.com)
Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)

Progesterone is primary regulator of Cdk2ap1 gene expression and tissue-specific expression in the uterus. (nih.gov)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
miRNAs are approximately 22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that participate in post transcriptional gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translational inhibition or chromatin-based silencing mechanisms. (sarcomahelp.org)
We explored approaches to using multiple related traits (gene expression levels) in linkage analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Future research is needed to develop rigorous methods in mapping of genes affecting the expression of a group of transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
To avoid confusion between the genes we are trying to map and the genes whose expression levels are used as traits, we will call the expression levels "traits" of "transcripts", as we will talk about functions of the transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
We used three approaches to producing a univariate summary of the expression traits of individual genes in each group: a sample average, principal-components analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. (nature.com)
Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
Our data suggest that transcriptional induction of the Atf3 gene in maturing chondrocytes results in down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression as well as activation of RUNX2-dependent transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
The Sox9 gene is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells to chondrocytes and, together with the related L-Sox5 and Sox6 proteins, controls chondrocyte-specific gene expression [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Expression profiles analysis identifies the values of carcinogenesis and the prognostic prediction of three genes in adrenocortical carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
From the abstract: ' Is Ki-67 expression associated with the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and with outcomes in patients with breast cancer with a low RS? (cdc.gov)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
In the last decade, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation has been facilitated by global gene expression profiling (GEP), provid- ing a new powerful means for the classification, prediction of survival, and response to treatment of lym- phomas. (lu.se)
The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
West syndrome is an age-dependent expression of a damaged brain, and most patients with infantile spasms have some degree of developmental delay. (medscape.com)
3. Translational research - to identify predictive biomarkers for treatment decision - by immunohistochemistry, gene expression or sequencing. (lu.se)

It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, where cells make proteins necessary for mitosis and replicate their DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)

4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
These repressors could down-regulate CRE-dependent transcription and thus cause delay of cell cycle progression and/or promote cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction: CDKN1B gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, regulates the progression throughout G1 to S cell cycle progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Somatic mutations in other genes involved in cell growth are also needed for a melanoma to develop. (medlineplus.gov)
Do children with diffuse mesangial sclerosis in association with mutations of the Wilm's tumour suppressor gene (WT1) require bilateral nephrectomy? (ed.ac.uk)
Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
The majority of classical LFS families harbour germline mutations of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. (bmj.com)
13 14 Although p16 INK4a is most frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion, point mutations or somatic methylation of 5′ regulatory regions are also important mechanisms of gene inactivation. (bmj.com)
These had all been previously screened for the presence of p53 mutations in exons 2 and 4-11 by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing as previously described. (bmj.com)
Mutations in established ATC-related genes were observed, including TP53, BRAF, ARID1A, and RB1, and overrepresentation of mutations were also noted in 13 additional cancer genes. (lu.se)
Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
Inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for about five to ten percent of women's cancers.These inherited variations, identified in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibility, can be characterized in the general population by their frequency and the magnitude of their impact upon a patient (Table 1 ).Some inherited variants occur rarely in the general population, but confer large risks to the individual. (hindawi.com)
Although inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for only about five to ten percent of women's cancers, by far the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common examples of this observation (50-70% of familial breast cancers) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies in breast cancer samples found driver mutations in at least 40 different cancer genes, with as many as six driver mutations in some tumors. (ascopost.com)
Beyond the "top fliers," like p53 and PI3 kinase, most are rare mutations. (ascopost.com)
CDKN1B loss-of-function germinal mutations cause the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 syndrome (MEN4).Objective: The aim of the study is the functional characterization of a new 4 bp deletion in CDKN1B 5′-UTR region, identified in an acromegalic patient.Materials and metho. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Magmas, a gene encoding for the mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit, Tim16, protects different cell lines from the antitumoral effects of several pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents). (endocrine-abstracts.org)

In many cases, a second, somatic mutation occurs in the normal copy of the gene in melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
Au WY, Fung AT, Ma ES, Liang RH, Kwong YL: Low frequency of FLT3 gene internal tandem duplication and activating loop mutation in therapy-related acute myelocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. (karger.com)
Loss of function of the p16 gene has been reported to occur mainly by homozygous deletion, mutation or aberrant DNA methylation of the promoter of the region ( 5 - 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
and includes blood testing for hormone excess and genetic testing to identify the causative mutation in the CDKN1B gene. (merckmanuals.com)
An example of this class of genes is a mutation in the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
Despite these advances made in identifying inherited breast cancer susceptibility genes, the vast majority of breast cancers are sporadic, that is, no identifiable mutation in one of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. (hindawi.com)
Has known loss of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (Rb) or estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) activating mutation (testing not mandatory). (survivornet.com)
Many studies demonstrated that somatic BRAF gene mutation analysis increases diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), even from very small samples. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

NEK2 is a member of the NIMA-related family of serine/threonine centrosomal kinases. (oncotarget.com)

This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)

While this may reflect the fact that we have yet to identify the next BRCA gene, it may also reflect the polygenic nature of breast cancer susceptibility. (hindawi.com)

The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of this tumor suppressor gene for ovarian tumorigenesis, investigating both numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in 28 cases of ovarian tumors, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. (iiarjournals.org)

Modern molecular methods, including genetic markers, cytokines, proliferation indexes, and cyclins, are all undergoing study to help determine which atypical moles may progress to melanoma, although no single marker has been determined. (medscape.com)

Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)

Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity. (ayassbioscience.com)
In its initial discovery, LSD1 was found to act as a transcriptional repressor by removing methyl groups from the active mono- and di-methylated histone 3 lysine 4 marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me2) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)

Among them, 25 cases presented deletion of p16 gene in 21.43%-86.3% of the examined cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 4 (MEN 4) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by adenomas and sometimes hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (merckmanuals.com)
Specific Aim 1: Elucidate The Roles Of Novel Age-Dependent TFs in Primary Human β-Cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
Specific Aim 2: Establish CRISPR-RNP-Mediated Gene Editing in Primary Human β-Cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
Primary Human bronchial epithelial cells when grown in vitro have a limited lifespan and begin to deviate both in phenotype and morphology, losing the plasticity required around passage 4 or 5, for air-liquid interface (ALI) differentiation. (cancertools.org)
Passage 2 heterogeneous cells were plated in a 6-well plate at 5 x 10 4 cells per well and grown overnight. (cancertools.org)
However, in human follicular cells and in rat FRTL-5 cells, TSH can also stimulate the β-isoforms of PLC that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-phosphate, yielding the second messengers DAG and inositol 1,4,5-phosphate facil. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)
BMI-1 is thought to repress, p16(Ink4a), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor that induces cell cycle arrest at the Gap 1 phase. (cancertools.org)

The success of the cell division process is dependent on the precise regulation of processes at both cellular and tissue levels. (wikipedia.org)
The accessibility and transcription of ribosomal genes is controlled at several levels, with their epigenetic regulation being one of the most important. (oncotarget.com)

The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory. (wikigenes.org)
While these are important advances, further refinements in genetic manipulation of primary human islets will simplify the 'scaling' of these gene-targeting approaches, and will introduce novel possibilities for discovery, such as multiplexed targeting of distinct regulatory elements. (einsteinmed.edu)
These models have proven to be useful to define specific as well as redundant roles among members of these cell cycle regulatory gene families. (nih.gov)

We first grouped mRNA transcripts according to their functions annotated in biological process of gene ontology (GO). (biomedcentral.com)

1. Disrupted systems include pro to-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and regulators of apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)

Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)

There are few studies focusing on the molecular analysis of p16 gene in ovarian cancer ( 13 - 16 ). (iiarjournals.org)

In contrast, the Runx2 gene (also known as Cbfa1) is essential for differentiation of osteoblasts, but also promotes hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation [ 5 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of the clinical similarity between MEN 1 and MEN 4, patients with this constellation of symptoms should undergo genetic testing utilizing a panel of genes that includes both MEN1 and CDKN1B . (merckmanuals.com)

22(4): 1271-1277, 2021 Apr 01. (bvsalud.org)

In these cellular models, prolonged JHDM1B downregulation triggered a surge of 45S pre-rRNA transcription and processing, associated with a re-modulation of the H3K36me2 levels at rDNA loci and with changes in DNA methylation of specific CpG sites in rDNA genes. (oncotarget.com)

For example, when patients were enrolled into high-risk breast cancer surveillance programs for low/moderate risk breast cancer genes, they perceived the results to be very "useful" and of moderate-high utility. (cdc.gov)

Materials and Methods: To investigate both the presence of numerical abnormalities of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in ovarian cancer, we studied 28 cases by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using a DNA p16 probe and an a-satellite probe specific for chromosome 9. (iiarjournals.org)
Conclusion: Numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene deletion are common findings in ovarian cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
Data suggest that the p16 gene, located in the short arms of chromosome 9, may play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. (iiarjournals.org)
This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)
The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
This translocation involves the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene on chromosome 14 and the BCL1 locus on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)

Among the methods used for cytogenetic evaluation was the FISH technique for p16 gene deletion. (iiarjournals.org)

Upon complexing with AR, LSD1 demethylates the repressive H3K9 and thereby promotes gene activation [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Because these traits reflect more immediate effects of the gene in question, we may reduce the confounding effects of environmental factors and the disease genetic heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. (hindawi.com)
4. I described genetic linkage for a rare familial cancer syndrome characterized by very high penetrance of chordoma. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
I then confirmed another groups report that a common coding region SNP of the Brachyury gene as well as additional genetic variants are associated with an increased risk for development of chordoma independent of amplification of the Brachyury gen. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

Examples of these genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancers. (hindawi.com)
The remarkable achievements witnessed in various cancers using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, exemplify the effectiveness and power of ICB therapy strategies [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While only accounting for approximately 5% of childhood and adolescent cancers, it has a substantial impact on pediatric cancer mortality [ 3 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)

One of the more predominant mutational signatures was intimately coupled to the activity of Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, the catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of cytidine deaminases implied in kataegis, a focal hypermutation phenotype, which was observed in 4/8 (50%) cases. (lu.se)

E ditor -The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare familial cancer syndrome that predisposes gene carriers to the development of diverse early onset malignancies, including soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, brain tumours, breast carcinomas, and leukaemia, 1-3 with other cancer types occurring less frequently. (bmj.com)
13 p16 INK4a is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that is frequently mutated or deleted in many human cancer cell lines 14-16 and some sporadic malignancies, including sarcomas, breast cancer, leukaemia, and brain tumours, which are all component tumours of LFS. (bmj.com)
4 Aside from doxorubicin-based regimens, novel chemotherapy agents, eribulin and trabectedin, have demonstrated efficacy in the L-sarcomas, liposarcoma (LPS), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS), highlighting the role of histology-directed therapy for these malignancies. (emjreviews.com)

Subsequent linkage analysis resolved a phenotype mis-assignment and resulted in identification of germline gene duplication of the T-box gene, Brachyury in about half of affected families. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

In all cases, the p16 gene deletion was observed. (iiarjournals.org)
In five cases with p16 gene deletion, homozygous deletion was detected. (iiarjournals.org)

Here we demonstrate that overexpression of ATF3 in primary mouse chondrocytes results in reduced transcription of both genes, as well as decreased activity of a CRE reporter plasmid. (biomedcentral.com)
In parallel, ATF3 overexpression reduces the activity of a SOX9-dependent promoter and increases the activity of a RUNX2-dependent promoter. (biomedcentral.com)

Prediction #4: "Cancer genomics will become ubiquitous, but we won't like what we find. (ascopost.com)

Repression of cyclin A transcription by ATF3 required the CRE in the cyclin A promoter. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs154

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Inhibitors11

Cdk415

Inhibitor 2A3

Protein26

Cdks3

CDKN2A14

Pathway8

Phosphorylation6

Expression22

Proteins2

Progression3

Mutations13

Subunit1

Mutation8

Antigen1

Serine1

Encodes1

Susceptibility1

Tumor Supp1

Proliferation1

Cdk11

Transcriptional2

Differentially1

Cells7

Induces2

Regulation2

Regulatory4

Ontology1

Apoptosis1

Cdc21

Molecular1

Differentiation1

CDKN1B1

20211

Cellular1

Cancer genes1

Chromosome6

Methods1

Promotes1

Genetic4

Cancers3

Enzyme1

Malignancies3

Phenotype1

Deletion2

Overexpression2

Prediction1

Repression1