• We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that ParA:ParB ratios fluctuate between predation stages, their balance being critical for cell cycle progression. (jic.ac.uk)
  • We studied the effect of doxorubicin (Dox) on cell cycle progression and its correlation with DNA damage and cytotoxicity in p53-mutant P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In untreated control P388 cells, p34cdc2 kinase localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasms, particularly in the centrosomes, and p34cdc2 kinase activity is dependent on cell cycle progression, with the enzyme activity increasing steadily from G1/S to G2/M and markedly declining thereafter. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Open form structures correspond most often to those complexes involved in transcriptional regulation (CDK 8, 9, 12, and 13), while closed form CDK-cyclin complex are most often involved in cell cycle progression and regulation (CDK 1, 2, 6). (wikipedia.org)
  • Reducing CDK5 activity in human MTC cells down-regulated these cell cycle regulators suggesting that CDK5 activity is critical for cell cycle progression and MTC proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cell-cycle distribution analyses revealed that Gal-9 maintained further progression of cell cycle from the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The data suggest that Gal-9 plays a central role in inducing their successful progression from G1 to G2 phase by suppressing glomerular expression of TGF-βl and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This report highlights phytoconstituents present in Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and examines biphasic (proliferative and anti-proliferative) effects of its extract on bone cell proliferation , differentiation, mineralization, ROS generation, cell cycle progression and Runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts . (bvsalud.org)
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) represses cell cycle progression by directly phosphorylating cyclin D1 and indirectly regulating cyclin D1 transcription by inhibiting Wnt signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrate that laforin is a selective phosphatase for GSK-3β and regulates cell cycle progression by GSK-3β-dependent mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cdh1 was dispensable for viability and cell cycle progression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Chk1 facilitates the arrest of cell cycle progression and the inhibition of replication origin firing. (caltech.edu)
  • In a cell-free system, Dox did not inhibit p34cdc2 kinase activity, indicating that is has no direct effect on the enzyme function. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In whole cells, Dox treatment prevented p34cdc2 kinase dephosphorylation without altering its synthesis, and this effect was due to neither down-regulation of cdc25C nor inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Entry into the S phase in animal cells is regulated to a large extent by the cyclin E-CDK2 kinase complex. (news-medical.net)
  • A cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDKC, cyclin-CDK) is a protein complex formed by the association of an inactive catalytic subunit of a protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), with a regulatory subunit, cyclin. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is at this essential residue (T160 in CDK2 complexes, T177 in CDK6 complexes) that enzymatic ATP-phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes by CAK (cyclin activating kinase, referring to the CDK7-Cyclin H complex in human cells) takes place. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, CDKs are inhibited by specific cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. (onkoview.com)
  • We have recently reported a role for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in MTC pathogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK gamma (p38γ) acts as a CDK-like kinase and thus cooperates with CDKs, regulating entry into the cell cycle. (nature.com)
  • Concurrent deletion of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in hepatocytes inhibits DNA replication and liver regeneration in mice. (nature.com)
  • Inhibitor of RhoA kinase did not interfere with the ability of the iris extract to increase HeLa cell area. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. (nih.gov)
  • Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
  • These results were further confirmed using brain microvascular endothelial cells expressing dominant negative forms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin dependent-kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important functions during the mitotic cell cycle and also facilitates several key events during germ cell development. (lu.se)
  • Cdk5 is named after its structural similarity to members of the serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase family. (frontiersin.org)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A major limitation in approaching this problem has been the lack of suitable cell lines that exhibit normal, terminal, and synchronous differentiation in the absence of endogenous oncoproteins and in response to physiologic cytokines, and whose differentiation can be arrested by ectopically expressed human oncoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • Differentiation was normal and terminal as evidenced by morphology, cell surface markers, gene expression, and functional assays. (nih.gov)
  • These myeloid cell lines provide tools for examining the biochemical and genetic pathways that accompany normal differentiation as well as a system in which to dissect how other leukemic oncoproteins interfere with these pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Phytoconstituents were identified using gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Osteoblasts were exposed to different concentrations (10-100 µg/ml) of CQ extract and cell proliferation and cell differentiation were investigated at different periods of time . (bvsalud.org)
  • Osteoblasts exposed to varying concentrations of extract exhibited biphasic variation in cell proliferation and differentiation as a function of dose and time . (bvsalud.org)
  • Is the Subject Area "Cell differentiation" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • M, Peterson C. 2018 Haematopoietic stem suggests that during differentiation a stem cell approaches a stable equili- cells: entropic landscapes of differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Single cells in these populations exhibit different com- stem cell differentiation, Shannon information binations of regulator activity that suggest the presence of multiple theory, entropy configurations of a potential differentiation network as a result of multiple entry points into the committed state. (lu.se)
  • Cell cycle-dependent organization of a bacterial centromere through multi-layered regulation of the ParABS system. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Our study reveals the subcellular dynamics and multi-layered regulation of the ParABS system, coupled to the cell cycle of B. bacteriovorus. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest that anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity is cell cycle dependent and is mediated, at least in part, by disturbance of the regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex, thus leading to G2/M phase arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results provide insights into cell-cycle-regulated chromatin dynamics and how they relate to the regulation of origin activity. (duke.edu)
  • Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that are involved in various biologic processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell-cycle regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For further confirming the cell-cycle regulation by Gal-9, conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cells were cultured under 5.5 and 25 mM D-glucose supplemented with Gal-9. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Using ex vivo thymocytes and primary embryonic fibroblasts from Epm2a -/- mice, we show here a general function of laforin in the cell cycle regulation and repression of cyclin D1 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Using an apoptosis-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed that Acanthamoeba induces programmed cell death in brain microvascular endothelial cells. (asm.org)
  • In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Effect of cadmium on P53 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in a murine macrophage cell line: relation to apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • It is immunotoxic in vivo and induces apoptosis in many cultured cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Results suggested that p53 is not involved in Cd-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in J774A.1 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In a different study, in which researchers systematically analyzed mutations identical to those found in patients with Darier disease, mutant SERCA2 protein aggregates were found to cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, activation of Cdh1-APC plays a crucial role in both cdk inhibitor-dependent G 1 arrest and DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, activation of Cdh1-APC plays a crucial role in both cdk inhibitor-dependent G1 arrest and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)
  • S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase inhibitor DZNep blocks transcription and translation of SARS-CoV-2 genome with a low tendency to select for drug-resistant viral variants. (cdc.gov)
  • CDKs are activated by cyclins, which are expressed in distinct phases during the cell cycle. (onkoview.com)
  • We find that downstream target genes of the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein, including genes encoding cell cycle regulators such as CDKs, cyclins and CDK inhibitors, are significantly upregulated in malignant mouse tumors in a CDK5-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)
  • The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • The replication independent histone genes are transcribed at a relatively constant low rate, regardless of cell cycle stage. (news-medical.net)
  • However, most of the vertebrate histone genes are replication dependent and are therefore more highly expressed during the cell cycle's S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • Given that the replication dependent histone genes all activate upon entry into the S phase, it is speculated that there exists some further upstream regulatory element. (news-medical.net)
  • Therefore, NPAT could be the link between cell cycle machinery and shared heightened transcription of histone genes during S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • Moreover, we showed that Acanthamoeba produces severe HBMEC cytotoxicity by secreting extracellular proteases, as well as using contact-dependent mechanisms such as phagocytosis ( 12 ), which may play an important role in blood-brain barrier perturbations. (asm.org)
  • This averaging effect hampered the analysis of finer regulatory mechanisms at the single-cell level, the fundamental unit for any fate decision process. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of ERK suppressed DNA synthesis and had an additive effect with Cd-inhibited proliferation suggesting that Cd-induced ERK activity is not responsible for the G2/M arrest and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest, and disruption of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 activity induced by doxorubicin in synchronized P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment of synchronized cells in early S phase with 1 microM Dox (2 x ID50) for 1 hr induced a marked cell arrest at G2/M phase at 6-12 hr after drug incubation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this study, the effect of Gal-9 on Gl-phase cell-cycle arrest, one of the hallmark pathologic changes in early diabetic nephropathy, was investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The increase in HeLa cell area in the presence of iris extract was accompanied by impairment of cell migration and arrest of the cell cycle at G1 although the involvement of Rac1 in these processes is not clear. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Cd at 20 microM markedly increased cells in G2/M and hypodiploid sub-G1 phases of the cell cycle suggesting cycle arrest and cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of host DNA polymerase delta and plays a synergistic role with RNA helicase in the induction of DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest in S phase. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, the parS chromosomal context in non-replicative cells, combined with ParB depletion at cell division, critically contribute to the unique cell cycle-dependent organization of the centromere in this bacterium, highlighting new levels of complexity in chromosome segregation and cell cycle control. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The 82nd Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on Chromosome Segregation & Structure and addressed the enormous progress in our understanding of the nature and behavior of chromosomes during the life cycle of the cell. (cshlpress.com)
  • There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
  • This process is assumed to be under the control of the cell cycle, because of how closely linked to the S phase histone synthesis is. (news-medical.net)
  • During each G1 phase of two consecutive cell cycles, we observed the downstream repositioning of the origin-proximal +1 nucleosome and an increase in protected DNA fragments spanning the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) indicative of pre-RC assembly. (duke.edu)
  • The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, lower concentrations (10-50 µg/ml) of extract slightly reduced ROS intensity, although they enhanced matrix mineralization, DNA content in S phase of the cell cycle , and levels of Runx2 expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, higher concentrations (75-100 µg/ml) considerably induced the ROS intensity and nuclear condensation in osteoblasts , while it reduced mineralization level, proportion of cells in S phase and Runx2 level of the osteogenic gene . (bvsalud.org)
  • In Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, an obligate predator of Gram-negative bacteria, cell growth and replication are tied to a shift from a motile, free-living phase of search and attack to a sessile, intracellular phase of growth and replication during which a single prey cell is consumed. (agri.gov.il)
  • Together, they delimit a poorly characterized transitory phase between the attack phase and the growth phase, during which the bdelloplast (the invaded prey cell) is constructed. (agri.gov.il)
  • Using flow cytofluorimetry sorting of populations of exponentially growing cells, coupled to a radioimmune assay, we have investigated the accumulation of p53 along the cell cycle in normal FR 3T3 rat cells as well as in two types of SV40-transformed derivatives, one of which only expresses the large-T protein during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • Genotoxic stress which specifically affects cells in S-phase is detected by the replication checkpoint. (caltech.edu)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage and blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • We measured intracellular prolactin at different stages of the cell cycle using flow microfluorometry. (rupress.org)
  • prolactin storage increased as cells passed from G1 to S to G2 + M. We have shown previously that insulin and 17 beta-estradiol act synergistically to increase intracellular prolactin three- to sevenfold and slow the rate of cell growth to approximately 70% of control cells. (rupress.org)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • The programmes governing the function and fate of cells are to a large extent driven by the coordinated activity of transcription factors forming complex and dynamic gene regulatory networks (GRNs). (lu.se)
  • Such heterogeneity could originate from extrinsic factors, such as cell-to-cell signalling and surrounding temperature and pressure, but also from the intrinsic noise generated by having few copies of molecules involved in transcription and translation. (lu.se)
  • It is rare to find such a wide-ranging perspective on this topic in one volume and this collection of papers will be valuable to investigators interested in many aspects of cell biology, genetics, and cancer. (cshlpress.com)
  • Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)
  • A balance between elongation and trimming regulates telomere stability in stem cells. (sens.org)
  • Individual unsynchronized cells from three different cell lines were collected in different cell cycle phases (G0/G1 - S - G2/M) with variable cell sizes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cell cycle consists of four phases (G1, S, G2 and M), all of which are characterized by different factors. (news-medical.net)
  • We found an activity in lipidic extract from Iris germanica that was able to increase HeLa cell area and adhesion and augment the formation of actin stress fibers. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Histones can be classified as replication dependent or replication independent, which is decided by their expression pattern during the cell cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gal-9 reduced glomerular expression of TGF-β1 and the number of p27 Kip1- and p21 Cip1 -positive cells in glomeruli. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Permanent expression of p53 in FR 3T3 rat cells but cell cycle-dependent association with large-T antigen in simian virus 40 transformants. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • The p53 oncogene is thought to play a role in the proliferation of normal and transformed cells and its expression was postulated to be cell cycle dependent. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • The interest in p27 expression in mammary carcinoma lies in its behaviour when examined in combination with other G1 cell cycle regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cdc37 Expression in Multiple Myeloma and Its Role in Cell Proliferation]. (nih.gov)
  • The investigators found that the resultant transfected cells showed defects in ATP2A2 protein expression (15 mutants), ATP hydrolysis (29 mutants), calcium transport (4 mutants), and calcium binding and kinetics (3 mutants). (medscape.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 4 (MEN 4) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by adenomas and sometimes hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • WNV antigen was present in cerebellar Purkinje cells, neurons, and glial cells within or adjacent to sites of inflammation in the cerebellum, midbrain, and hypothalamus. (cdc.gov)
  • A few individual glial cells in the cerebral cortex were sparsely stained. (cdc.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Cell-Cycle-Dependent Chromatin Dynamics at Replication Origins. (duke.edu)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • The magnitude of an antiviral CTL response is thought to be controlled by the initiation of a cell cycle program within lymphoid tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Prolactin storage in a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells is cell-cycle dependent. (rupress.org)
  • GH4C1 cells (CH cells) are a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells which secrete prolactin. (rupress.org)
  • Accumulation of Drf1 on chromatin in the presence of replication blocks is dependent upon ATR and Claspin but not Chk1. (caltech.edu)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study we observed that insulin and estradiol increased prolactin storage at each stage of the cell cycle but did not affect the cell-cycle distribution of the population even though cell growth was slowed. (rupress.org)
  • In the GSK-3β +/+ but not the GSK-3β -/- cells, Epm2a small interfering RNA significantly enhanced cell growth. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inhibitors of GSK-3β selectively increased the cell growth of Epm2a +/+ but not of Epm2a -/- cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Stage‐dependent effects of river flow and temperature regimes on the growth dynamics of an apex predator. (ccpl.org)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • DSN: CC37.NSFG88 ABSTRACT Introduction The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), Cycle IV, was conducted in January through August of 1988 by Westat, Inc., under contract to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). (cdc.gov)
  • The protein is involved in cellular growth and development and has an important role in regulating the cell cycle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Pretreatment with PD98059 increased Cd-induced cytotoxicity suggesting that ERK activation may be a survival response in the present cell system. (cdc.gov)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine cancer of thyroid C-cells, for which few treatment options are available. (oncotarget.com)
  • Some treatments target specific characteristics of cancer cells, so they only work on those particular cancers. (healthline.com)
  • Radiation therapy can be used after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may have been left behind, which lowers the chance of recurrence. (healthline.com)
  • Chemotherapy is a systemic therapy, which means it can destroy cancer cells anywhere in the body. (healthline.com)
  • Some therapies block the production of these hormones and others interfere with the effect the hormones have on cancer cells. (healthline.com)
  • Bladder Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Elicit a CD8 T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. (rochester.edu)
  • Assessing the Magnitude of Immunogenic Cell Death Following Chemotherapy and Irradiation Reveals a New Strategy to Treat Pancreatic Cancer. (rochester.edu)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 22 ] Investigators transfected a fibroblast cell line with 51 different mutations seen in keratosis follicularis (Darier disease) pedigrees. (medscape.com)
  • We have generated a mouse model, in which MTC proliferation is induced upon conditional overexpression of the CDK5 activator, p25, in C-cells, and arrested by interrupting p25 overexpression. (oncotarget.com)
  • The conserved hinge region of CDK within eukaryotic cells acts as an essential bridge between the Gly-rich loop and the activation loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell sorting analysis of cell cycle-dependent X-ray sensitivity in end joining-deficient human cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Migration of cytotoxic lymphocytes in cell cycle permits local MHC I-dependent control of division at sites of viral infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also observed that MHC I-dependent interactions, but not costimulation, influenced the division program by advancing effector CTL through stages of the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Cdc 37, a cell division cycle control protein of Sacchromyces cerevisiae. (nih.gov)
  • Several of these processes change during the cell cycle, but unlike transcriptional changes, the post-translational changes occur throughout the cell cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • The Flores Kim lab studies how bacteria build their cell envelopes and how antimicrobials disrupt these processes. (umassmed.edu)
  • To investigate the function of Cdh1 in vertebrate cells, we generated clones of chicken DT40 cells disrupted in their Cdh1 loci. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This enzyme is found in cells throughout the body, where it converts the protein building block (amino acid) aspartic acid to the amino acid asparagine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These results demonstrate that CTLs are poised to divide in transit and that their numbers can be influenced locally at the site of infection through interactions with cells displaying cognate antigen. (ox.ac.uk)