Dependence and marijuana. Medical search. Frequent questions

A total of 2476 adult twins born in Minnesota and 4121 unrelated adult participants from a case-control study of alcohol dependence. (blogspot.com)
The anticonvulsant gabapentin, a widely prescribed anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain, is showing promise in the treatment of alcohol dependence, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
According to investigators, gabapentin has the potential to fill a large gap in the treatment of alcohol dependence. (medscape.com)
They note that of the estimated 8.5 million alcohol-dependent Americans, statistics show that only 720,000 prescriptions were filled for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for alcohol dependence in 2007, most of them prescribed by psychiatrists. (medscape.com)
To provide a more definitive evaluation of the drug for alcohol dependence, the researchers conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-ranging trial of 150 adults with current alcohol dependence who were attending a single outpatient center. (medscape.com)
According to Dr. Mason, gabapentin offers several potential advantages over the 3 other FDA-approved medications for alcohol dependence. (medscape.com)
He notes that a large proportion of alcohol-dependent patients presenting to family physicians fall into the mild to moderate range of alcohol dependence, which further suggests "the strong potential for gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care. (medscape.com)
Acting director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Kenneth R. Warren, PhD, said, "Gabapentin adds to the list of existing medications that have shown promise in treating alcohol dependence. (medscape.com)
The study was published Tuesday in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence. (cnn.com)
The CAGE questions used for alcohol dependence can also be used to screen for marijuana use. (medscape.com)
Of the persons who tried alcoholic beverages at least once, 15-16% eventually developed alcohol dependence. (basisonline.org)
While the risk of developing marijuana dependence leveled off, the risk of developing alcohol dependence persisted for decades. (basisonline.org)
Suresh was treated 17 times prior to his last treatment in different nursing homes and NGO run programs, for his alcohol dependence. (who.int)
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 50 (2),109-121. (bvsalud.org)

In recent years, marijuana has been legalized and touted for its medicinal purposes. (healthline.com)
There are countless anecdotes that support the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. (mountainside.com)
Because marijuana may help treat chronic pain and other conditions, the drug is also consumed for medicinal purposes. (everydayhealth.com)
1 The recent discovery of endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors, the development of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists, and the continued debate over legalization for medicinal purposes has stimulated recent public interest in marijuana. (aafp.org)
Twenty-nine states and Washington, D.C., have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational or medicinal purposes. (medscape.com)

However, the data we do have on cannabinoids and opioid addiction shows marijuana medicine could reduce withdrawal symptoms and help to lower patients' opioid dosage. (marijuanadoctors.com)
and past-year alcohol, marijuana , heroin or opioid use/dependence and use of tobacco products was included. (medscape.com)
For the combined data years 2011-2013, the odds of past-year heroin abuse or dependence were highest among those with past-year cocaine or opioid pain reliever abuse or dependence. (cdc.gov)

Marijuana leaves and buds contain substances called cannabinoids. (medlineplus.gov)
Different varieties of marijuana contain different amounts of cannabinoids. (medlineplus.gov)
The active ingredients in marijuana are chemicals known as cannabinoids. (everydayhealth.com)
Marijuana contains more than 100 cannabinoids - naturally occurring compounds found in plants and animals. (everydayhealth.com)
Because cannabinoids affect physical and mental processes, and it's thought that they may not produce the adverse effects of prescription drugs, people have found marijuana useful in treating pain, nausea, and loss of appetite related to cancer, AIDS, and other illnesses. (everydayhealth.com)
THC, cannabidiol and cannabinol are the most abundant cannabinoids in marijuana. (aafp.org)
4 , 7 , 9 When cannabinoids from marijuana used weeks or months ago are detected in a urine drug screen, some people may be unpleasantly surprised, particularly if they are applying for employment, are injured on the job or are involved in a motor vehicle crash. (aafp.org)
The WHO's Expert Committee on Drug Dependence focused on cannabidiol , or CBD, one of the naturally occurring cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. (medscape.com)

To discover more information about cannabis medicine and opioids, read our guide on medical marijuana and opiate dependence . (marijuanadoctors.com)

While it does not lead to addiction in the way heroin or cocaine does, and many argue that its highs are no more intense or damaging than those given by alcohol, marijuana is illegal under United States federal law. (everydayhealth.com)
and] potentially severe psychological or physical dependence,' including heroin, LSD and Ecstasy. (howstuffworks.com)
Marijuana is a schedule 1 drug with no recognized medical value (similar to heroin). (paloaltoonline.com)
A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify characteristics associated with heroin abuse or dependence. (cdc.gov)
Rates of heroin abuse or dependence were strongly positively correlated with rates of heroin-related overdose deaths over time. (cdc.gov)
The increase in heroin abuse or dependence parallels the increase in heroin-related overdose deaths. (cdc.gov)
Further implementation of a comprehensive response that targets the wider range of demographic groups using heroin and addresses the key risk factors for heroin abuse and dependence is needed. (cdc.gov)
Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) indicate heroin use, abuse, and dependence have increased in recent years. (cdc.gov)
In 2013, an estimated 517,000 persons reported past-year heroin abuse or dependence, a nearly 150% increase since 2007 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Moreover, there is a lack of research examining recent trends in the prevalence of other substance use among persons using heroin, especially among the high-risk population of heroin users who meet diagnostic criteria for heroin abuse or dependence. (cdc.gov)
To improve understanding of current heroin use, abuse, and dependence trends and to identify individual-level risk factors that could help tailor prevention efforts, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CDC examined demographic and substance use, abuse, and dependence trends among heroin users in the United States during 2002-2013. (cdc.gov)
Nicotine, in the setting of psychoactive drugs according to its level of dependence, is on the highest place in comparison to heroin, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine and marijuana. (who.int)

In fact, 10 states and the District of Columbia allow marijuana for recreational use. (healthline.com)
Recent ballot initiatives that legalized marijuana in Colorado and Washington for recreational uses are unprecedented. (health.am)
In 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first two states to legalize recreational marijuana use. (mountainside.com)
Recreational marijuana has now reached New England, and medical use is becoming more available in other states. (mountainside.com)
Marijuana is getting a lot of love lately, from newly legal recreational users in a few American states, and doctors alike. (popsci.com)
There, she said, the state's liberal medical marijuana law allowed her to buy the drug with little hassle (California has since legalized recreational sales), and THC-infused vape pens let her use discreetly anytime she wanted. (chicagotribune.com)
Concerned about this issue, Daniel Giovenco, a 2016 Early Independence awardee, used national sales data to study cigarillo products in three regions with legalized recreational marijuana. (nih.gov)
Perhaps with the legalization of recreational marijuana, Palo Alto will become more vigilant about enforcing the prohibitions. (paloaltoonline.com)
BTW, it is still illegal to sell marijuana in Palo Alto, for either medicinal or recreational purposes. (paloaltoonline.com)
A study from Colorado reported that the frequency of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome nearly doubled after the legalization of recreational marijuana in that state. (medscape.com)

A newly published genome-wide analysis of more than 14,000 individuals has identified several gene variants that increase the risk of cannabis dependence. (scitechdaily.com)
The study was the first to identify variants that significantly increase the risk for cannabis dependence. (scitechdaily.com)
It was based on the knowledge that, like alcoholism and other addictions, the risk of cannabis dependence can be inherited. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers wondered whether those with some form of mental illness might also be at higher risk of cannabis dependence, as they are for addiction to other abused substances such as alcohol. (scitechdaily.com)
We were surprised to find a genetic risk overlap between cannabis dependence and major depression," said Dr. Joel Gelernter, the Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, professor of genetics and of neuroscience, and senior author of the study. (scitechdaily.com)
Gelernter said the findings might also explain why those with schizophrenia are often diagnosed with cannabis dependence. (scitechdaily.com)
The analysis compared variations in the genomes of individuals who met the medical criteria for cannabis dependence with those of marijuana users who showed little or no signs of dependence. (scitechdaily.com)
Reference: "Genome-wide Association Study of Cannabis Dependence Severity, Novel Risk Variants, and Shared Genetic Risks" JAMA Psychiatry. (scitechdaily.com)
Adolescent precursors of cannabis dependence: findings. (cambridge.org)
To examine adolescent precursors of young-adult cannabis dependence. (cambridge.org)
Cannabis dependence was assessed in 1998, at age 20-21 years. (cambridge.org)
Of 1601 young adults, 115 met criteria for cannabis dependence. (cambridge.org)
daily: OR=4.6, P =0.02), persistent antisocial behaviour (linear effect P =0.03) and persistent cigarette smoking (linear effect P =0.02) independently predicted cannabis dependence. (cambridge.org)
Cannabis dependence is increasingly recognised as a further consequence of heavy use, with a lifetime risk in ever-users of about 10% ( Reference Anthony, Warner and Kessler Anthony et al , 1994 ). (cambridge.org)
Physicians rarely diagnose cannabis dependence because it is deemed an insignificant drug in comparison to others. (medscape.com)

Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug. (wikipedia.org)
A drug addiction, a distinct concept from substance dependence, is defined as compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. (wikipedia.org)
The International Classification of Diseases classifies substance dependence as a mental and behavioural disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Within the framework of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), substance dependence is redefined as a drug addiction, and can be diagnosed without the occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
It was described accordingly: "When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. (wikipedia.org)
In the DSM-5 (released in 2013), substance abuse and substance dependence have been merged into the category of substance use disorders and they no longer exist as individual diagnoses. (wikipedia.org)
To examine whether DSM-IV symptoms of substance dependence are psychometrically equivalent between existing community-sampled and clinically overselected studies. (blogspot.com)
We fitted a hierarchical model to the data, in which ever use and dependence symptoms for each substance were indicators of alcohol, marijuana or cocaine dependence which were, in turn, indicators of a multi-substance dependence factor. (blogspot.com)
Differences between groups in symptom endorsement rates could be expressed solely as mean differences in the multi-substance dependence factor. (blogspot.com)
Life-time substance dependence symptoms fitted a dimensional model well. (blogspot.com)
From a measurement perspective, DSM-IV criteria are equally appropriate for describing substance dependence across different sampling methods. (blogspot.com)
4. Active or recent (in the past year) substance dependence (drugs-including nicotine, marijuana or alcohol). (who.int)

According to a 2019 survey , two thirds of Americans now support the legalization of marijuana. (mountainside.com)
Hemp lollipops are sold during demonstration to demand the legalization of marijuana in Krakow, Poland on 20 May, 2017. (cnn.com)

THC is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. (livescience.com)
Should taxes be assessed per unit of weight, as a percent of the price or on some other basis, such as the amount of psychoactive ingredients in marijuana? (health.am)

Some long-term marijuana users who smoke the drug daily may have repeated and uncontrolled vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome). (rochester.edu)
10 , 12 , 15 , 16 The fact that cannabinoid metabolites have been detected in the urine of long-term marijuana users after weeks or even months of abstinence 17 , 18 , 19 compromises the interpretation of these studies. (cmaj.ca)

People in the study who used "high-potency" marijuana were twice as likely to become dependent as those who used lower-potency forms of the drug, according to new findings presented today (Oct. 21) at the International Early Psychosis Association meeting in Milan. (livescience.com)
People are considered to be dependent on marijuana if they experience withdrawal symptoms - such as irritability, mood and sleep problems, and decreased appetite - when they are not using the drug, according to the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (livescience.com)
In an earlier study, published in 2015 in the journal Psychological Medicine , Freeman and his co-authors concluded that high-potency-marijuana use was associated with more severe dependency on the drug, compared with lower-potency-marijuana use. (livescience.com)
The National Institute on Drug Abuse recently released data that suggests that 30 percent of those who use marijuana may have some degree of "marijuana use disorder. (healthline.com)
The lessons from the many decades of regulating alcohol and tobacco should offer some guidance to policymakers who are contemplating alternatives to marijuana prohibition and are interested in taking a public health approach," said Beau Kilmer, co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research center and a co-author of the paper. (health.am)
Based on the national experience with alcohol and tobacco, it seems prudent from a public health perspective to open up the marijuana market slowly, with tight controls to test the waters and prevent commercialization too soon while still making it available to responsible adults," said Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, co-director of the RAND Drug Policy Research Center and a co-author of the paper. (health.am)
ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral and drug addictions, but not dependence. (wikipedia.org)
The dependence potential of a drug varies from substance to substance, and from individual to individual. (wikipedia.org)
Dose, frequency, pharmacokinetics of a particular substance, route of administration, and time are critical factors for developing a drug dependence. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is one brain structure that has been implicated in the psychological component of drug dependence. (wikipedia.org)
Some researchers say this isn't because marijuana has no medicinal value, but rather because the barriers to marijuana studies, set by both the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), are so high that it has thwarted research. (mountainside.com)
Marijuana is best known as a drug that people smoke or eat to get high . (medlineplus.gov)
In states where medical marijuana is legal, you need a written statement from your health care provider to get the drug. (medlineplus.gov)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved marijuana for treating any health conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
Increasing use of more effective methods of drug delivery and increasing drug potency may underlie the development of dependence, but other contributing factors remain little explored ( Reference Hall and Babor Hall & Babor, 2000 ). (cambridge.org)
Previous heavy marijuana use a mean of 20 years earlier by a group of men who reported no other significant illicit drug use does not appear to be associated with adverse socio-demographic, physical or mental health adverse effects. (erowid.org)
Marijuana is a drug that comes from the flowers and leaves of the cannabis plant. (everydayhealth.com)
Cannabis is the botanical name of the plant, and marijuana is the name for the drug derived from the plant. (everydayhealth.com)
They were members of Marijuana Anonymous, a rapidly expanding 12-step organization that serves those struggling with a drug that is now legal in Illinois and 10 other states, and that many people view as innocuous. (chicagotribune.com)
Marijuana use peaked in the 1960s, but it is still the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. (aafp.org)
The 1992 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse reported that approximately 5 million Americans were using marijuana weekly. (aafp.org)
3 According to the 1991 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (1979 through 1991), an average of 13 to 35 percent of young adults (18 to 25 years of age) used marijuana monthly, while only about 5 percent of persons between 26 and 34 years of age and approximately 2 percent of those 35 years of age or over used marijuana monthly. (aafp.org)
6 According to this theory, drug use usually begins with legal substances, such as alcohol and cigarettes, and is then followed by marijuana, other illicit drugs and, finally, misuse of prescribed medication. (aafp.org)
We tested the effects of MMLs adopted in seven states between 2004 and 2011 on adolescent and adult marijuana, alcohol, and hard drug use. (nber.org)
In addition to these possible physical effects, psychological dependence usually develops because a person's mind craves the high that it gets when using the drug. (howstuffworks.com)
As of February 2014, in contrast to moves by several states toward medical marijuana statutes, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency listed marijuana as Schedule 1 substance. (howstuffworks.com)
Marijuana is the most commonly used mind-altering drug in the U.S., after alcohol. (rochester.edu)
Using data from a group of young people whom we have been following since birth, we examined IQ scores before, during and after cessation of regular marijuana use to determine any impact of the drug on this measure of cognitive function. (cmaj.ca)
Marijuana produces well-documented, acute cognitive changes that last for several hours after the drug has been ingested. (cmaj.ca)
This issue of STASH presents a series of related reports investigating the transition from drug use to drug dependence for alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. (basisonline.org)
The reports provide probabilities for drug use and drug dependence (Anthony, Warner, & Kessler, 1994), compare the time lag between initiation of use and development of drug dependence across the different drugs (Wagner & Anthony, 2002), and examine whether there are gender differences in these transition patterns (Wagner & Anthony, 2007). (basisonline.org)
Researchers used the total sample of 8,098 participants between the ages of 15 and 54 in the analyses of probabilities for drug use and drug dependence. (basisonline.org)
For each drug, age at drug use initiation and age at onset of drug dependence were assessed by standardized questions. (basisonline.org)
The probabilities of initiation of drug use peaked at age 18 for alcohol and marijuana, and at age 20 for cocaine (Figure 1). (basisonline.org)
The risks of developing drug dependence among drug users showed a peak during the teen years for alcohol and marijuana, and at age 23 to 25 for cocaine (Figure 2). (basisonline.org)
The researchers found gender differences among the risks of drug dependence for marijuana but not for alcohol or cocaine. (basisonline.org)
Probabilities of drug use initiation, by age (adapted from Wagner & Anthony, 2002) and probabilities of drug dependence among drug users, by age (adapted from Wagner & Anthony, 2002). (basisonline.org)
A focal issue that needs to be considered when interpreting the findings is that all analyses are based mainly on two variables, namely age of onset of first drug use and age of onset of drug dependence. (basisonline.org)
Also, these two measures represent composite indices that do not differentiate factors that might moderate the risk of drug dependence (e.g., distinguishing occasional use from regular use, quantities and frequencies of use, dosage forms such as beer vs. liquors, or means of drug administration such as oral, nasal, or inhaling). (basisonline.org)
Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other drug use are realities in the daily lives of youth in Rwanda. (who.int)
Suresh & Pawan were treated at Navjyoti Delhi Police Foundation Drug Rehabilitation Center for their multiple drug use starting with marijuana in Delhi during the 1982 Asian Games. (who.int)
World Health Organization: Cannabidiol (CBD) Pre-Review Report, Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Thirty-ninth Meeting, Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 6-10, 2017. (medscape.com)

Scientists already know that nicotine and marijuana can weaken your body's ability to fight germs. (medicinenet.com)
Vaping has led to a dramatic rise in nicotine and marijuana use among young people in recent years. (medlineplus.gov)

The Canyon, a treatment center in Malibu, California, lists 10 signs that someone might have an addiction to marijuana. (healthline.com)
Stalcup estimates that 50 to 60 percent of the people with an addiction to marijuana whom his clinic treats have some sort of underlying mental health condition. (healthline.com)

The withdrawal state may include physical-somatic symptoms (physical dependence), emotional-motivational symptoms (psychological dependence), or both. (wikipedia.org)
From cancer patients to those suffering from seizures, many claim that marijuana has significantly reduced their symptoms. (mountainside.com)
Life-time DSM-IV alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence symptoms and ever use of each substance. (blogspot.com)
Although clinically overselected participants endorsed more dependence symptoms, on average, than community-sampled participants, the pattern of symptom endorsement was similar across groups. (blogspot.com)
Ongoing studies now show a number of possible symptoms associated with the cessation of marijuana use. (howstuffworks.com)
A person is dependent on marijuana when they have withdrawal symptoms. (rochester.edu)

Indeed, in many places around town, it is illegal to smoke, vape, or use any device to inhale plant-based substances, including tobacco and marijuana. (paloaltoonline.com)
At every level and among all substances, prescription opioids (either use as prescribed or abuse/dependence) were most strongly associated with benzodiazepine use. (medscape.com)
At some point in life, most of us have used, perhaps even repeatedly, substances with the potential for dependence. (basisonline.org)

For some, marijuana use poses a substantial likelihood of developing an addiction . (healthline.com)
Much like smoking cigarettes, smoking or vaping marijuana poses various risks to lung health, including the forming of air pockets between both lungs, chronic bronchitis, wheezing, and lower respiratory tract infections. (mountainside.com)

A closer look at the shapes of the risk curves revealed additional differences across types of drugs: the risk of cocaine dependence occurred early and explosively after first cocaine use and continued to be high for about a decade after first cocaine use. (basisonline.org)

The word "cannabis" is derived from Cannabis sativa, the name of the marijuana (hemp) plant. (aafp.org)
Marijuana is made from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant. (aafp.org)
Cannabis sativa is the hemp plant from which marijuana (leaves, stems, seeds) are derived. (medscape.com)

Withdrawal is the body's reaction to abstaining from a substance upon which a person has developed a dependence syndrome. (wikipedia.org)

The table below is from the United States Geological Survey's 2019 Mineral Commodity Summaries and it shows America's dependence on imports to provide certain metals and minerals we use every day, and where we import these commodities from. (americanexperiment.org)

According to the American Lung Association, marijuana-only smokers have more healthcare visits for respiratory conditions compared to nonsmokers. (mountainside.com)
Beyond these effects, marijuana smokers are susceptible to the same health problems as tobacco smokers, such as bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. (howstuffworks.com)

In the study, the researchers looked at data from more than 400 adolescents and young adults in the U.K. who use marijuana. (livescience.com)
The researchers looked at a number of factors, including age, gender, marijuana and tobacco use, how much marijuana the user was exposed to, and how much THC was in the marijuana they used. (livescience.com)
Researchers estimated that 4 million people in the United States met the criteria for marijuana use disorder in 2015. (healthline.com)
But because marijuana research has been impeded by government restriction in the past, researchers didn't have a good understanding of which parts receptors affect which behaviors. (popsci.com)
If the same holds true in humans, the researchers hope that this information could someday help them create synthetic marijuana that only targets the desired pathways. (popsci.com)
Because federal law makes it a crime to have marijuana and CBD, researchers must pass strict government scrutiny just to study its usefulness. (medscape.com)

Along with the brain , the side effects of marijuana reach many other parts of the body. (howstuffworks.com)
Others believe the negative effects of marijuana usage outweigh the positive. (howstuffworks.com)

After reviewing evidence from animal and human studies, the committee concludes that "In humans, CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. (medscape.com)

As Tobacco and Marijuana co-use rises, some people have asked: are cigarillos playing a role? (nih.gov)

Predictors of cessation of marijuana use: An event history analysis. (bvsalud.org)

In the U.S., 4.2 million people abused or were dependent on marijuana in 2014, according to NIDA. (livescience.com)

According to this theory, a person will progress from legal drugs, such as alcohol and cigarettes, to illicit drugs, such as marijuana. (medscape.com)

Anxiety and depression are common and sometimes they turn to marijuana as a coping mechanism. (reallifeparentguide.com)
Frequent exposure can lead to memory loss, anxiety, or dependence. (popsci.com)
In fact, many people take marijuana to treat anxiety. (rochester.edu)

A new study published online by the American Journal of Public Health outlines how regulations on alcohol and tobacco may provide guidance to policymakers concerned about the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana. (health.am)
Dependence increases the likelihood of adverse consequences of cannabis use, but its aetiology is poorly understood. (cambridge.org)
Those consequences, however, tend to be less pronounced with marijuana, leading some to overlook the drug's problematic properties. (chicagotribune.com)
Medical consequences of marijuana use: a review of current literature. (nih.gov)

An understanding of the adolescent antecedents of dependence can inform the extent to which substance exposures increase risks for dependence as opposed to other factors such as intercurrent emotional or behavioural disorders ( Reference Fergusson and Horwood Fergusson & Horwood, 2000 ). (cambridge.org)
Analyses estimated the probabilities of initiation of use and calculated risks of transitions from first use to dependence. (basisonline.org)

Think marijuana isn't addictive? (chicagotribune.com)
It's hard for them to grasp that marijuana is addictive, and also that I used every day for the most part and no one knew. (chicagotribune.com)
The debate over the addictive capacity of marijuana continues. (howstuffworks.com)

Cigarillos, popularly repurposed mid-sized cigars, are often dumped of their tobacco to create "blunts" filled with marijuana. (nih.gov)

The potency of marijuana refers to how much tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is found in the plant. (livescience.com)
Our findings suggest that people who prefer [ high-potency marijuana ] are around twice as likely to show problematic use," Tom Freeman, a research associate in clinical psychopharmacology at University College London and a co-author of the study, said in a statement. (livescience.com)
The potency of marijuana depends on the method of preparation. (aafp.org)
The terminal half-life of THC can range from about 20 hours to 10 days, depending on the amount and potency of the marijuana used. (howstuffworks.com)

If you vape marijuana, the high will be stronger than if you smoke the same amount. (medicinenet.com)
Vape cartridges and pens filled with marijuana also have become quite popular. (rochester.edu)

Over the last decade, the stigma surrounding marijuana has significantly dissipated and legal marijuana has become a reality. (mountainside.com)

To assess the effects of former heavy marijuana use on selected aspects of health. (erowid.org)
A monozygotic co-twin control design was used to compare the health of former heavy marijuana using male monozygotic twins to that of their co-twins who never used marijuana significantly. (erowid.org)
Most studies that examined heavy marijuana users for possible cognitive dysfunction lasting beyond the acute intoxication period assessed subjects after an abstinence period of only a day or two. (cmaj.ca)

For years, studies have linked regular marijuana use to an increased risk of developing psychosis. (mountainside.com)
This study permits both within-subject and between-subject comparisons among relatively low-risk non-users and users before, during and after quitting regular marijuana use. (cmaj.ca)

They are synthetic marijuana. (rochester.edu)

Currently, 31 states and the District of Columbia have laws legalizing marijuana in some form. (healthline.com)
Scott Chipman, Southern California chairman of Citizens Against Legalizing Marijuana (CALM), took issue with the report. (medscape.com)
Scott Chipman, Southern California chairman, Citizens Against Legalizing Marijuana (CALM). (medscape.com)

Misuse and Dependence to alcohol, marijuana and tobacco were respectively assessed by the Alcohol Use Dis- orders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST), and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). (who.int)

From 1995 to 2014, the average amount of THC in marijuana has increased from 4 to 12 percent, says Staci Gruber, PhD , a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School in Boston. (everydayhealth.com)

In recent years, there have been a number of studies that have highlighted the use marijuana in treating certain medical conditions. (healthline.com)
One study stated that medical marijuana can help children with seizures and chemotherapy-induced nausea. (healthline.com)
In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical marijuana. (mountainside.com)
The lack of comprehensive research isn't just upsetting to advocates of medical marijuana, but also those concerned about the unknown effects of long-term medical-marijuana use , particularly on those with health and/or age-related vulnerabilities-such as older adults, people with cancer, AIDS, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative diseases. (mountainside.com)
There is simply not enough information for anyone to definitively claim that medical marijuana is completely safe and effective, or to even say if in the long run, the pros outweigh the cons. (mountainside.com)
For many opponents of marijuana, the lack of concrete data only magnifies concerns surrounding the increased use of marijuana in the medical field. (mountainside.com)
Limited marijuana research makes conclusive evidence for both positive and negative medical side effects hard to come by. (mountainside.com)
Medical marijuana refers to using marijuana to treat certain medical conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
In the United States, over one half of the states have legalized marijuana for medical use. (medlineplus.gov)
How Does Medical Marijuana Work? (medlineplus.gov)
This sometimes makes the effects of medical marijuana hard to predict or control. (medlineplus.gov)
How Do People Get Medical Marijuana? (medlineplus.gov)
You can only get medical marijuana if you have certain conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
Who Should Not Use Medical Marijuana? (medlineplus.gov)
Providers are not allowed to prescribe medical marijuana to people younger than age 18. (medlineplus.gov)
Unlike medical marijuana, the active ingredient in these drugs can be controlled, so you always know how much you get in a dose. (medlineplus.gov)
Medical marijuana doesn't have the dangerous side effects and risk of addiction that opioids do, yet it could easily take their place in many cases. (marijuanadoctors.com)
At Marijuana Doctors, we make it easy for dispensaries to service medical marijuana patients in the area. (marijuanadoctors.com)
Medical marijuana can also be used to treat addiction to opiates like codeine, although research examining codeine addiction specifically does not yet exist. (marijuanadoctors.com)
This would help make medical marijuana safer-and maybe even more acceptable to those who still disapprove of its use. (popsci.com)
The use of marijuana for medical purposes dates back possibly as far as 5,000 years. (everydayhealth.com)
In the United States, over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the acceptability of using marijuana to treat a wide variety of medical conditions. (everydayhealth.com)
Medical marijuana for epilepsy: Winds of change. (nih.gov)
21 states and the District of Columbia currently have laws that permit marijuana use for medical purposes, often termed medical marijuana laws (MMLs). (nber.org)
Some say that marijuana should be legalized for medical use because it has been known to suppress nausea, relieve eye pressure, decrease muscle spasms, stimulate appetite, stop convulsions and eliminate menstrual pain. (howstuffworks.com)

American Lung Association: "The Impact E-Cigarettes on the Lung," "Marijuana and Lung Health. (medicinenet.com)
The primary objective of the OPPS is the neuropsychologic assessment of children exposed prenatally to marijuana or cigarettes. (cmaj.ca)
Women who used and did not use marijuana and cigarettes volunteered to participate during their pregnancy, and their children, now between the ages of 17 and 20 years, have been assessed since birth. (cmaj.ca)

They add that people who use marijuana before age 18 are 4 to 7 times more likely to develop this use disorder than adults. (healthline.com)
This guide provides guidelines for brief treatment and counseling with adults living with a marijuana dependence. (samhsa.gov)

Ganja is about three times more potent than marijuana, while hashish is five to eight times more potent. (aafp.org)
The acute oral toxicity of the cannabis derivatives used as intoxicants (marihuana, kif, hashish) is low. (unodc.org)

While intoxication lasts two to three hours, the active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, can accumulate in fatty tissues, including the brain and testes. (aafp.org)

Physical dependence is rarely encountered in the usual pattern of social use, despite some degree of tolerance that may develop. (drugscience.org)
An article in The Lancet compared the harm and dependence liability of 20 drugs, using a scale from zero to three for physical dependence, psychological dependence, and pleasure to create a mean score for dependence. (wikipedia.org)
The potential ability of anandamide to induce physical dependence has not been clarified. (nih.gov)

Two factors have been identified as playing pivotal roles in psychological dependence: the neuropeptide "corticotropin-releasing factor" (CRF) and the gene transcription factor "cAMP response element binding protein" (CREB). (wikipedia.org)
This activation influences the dysregulated emotional state associated with psychological dependence. (wikipedia.org)

A new study links genes to marijuana dependence and major depression. (scitechdaily.com)

The Tribune spoke with people in recovery from marijuana addiction about those problems, the complexities of treatment and the reluctance of others to recognize the seriousness of the habit (as is customary for participants in 12-step programs, they asked to be identified only by their first names or no name at all). (chicagotribune.com)

The analysis also suggests that the genetic risk for dependence on marijuana is associated with a higher inherited risk of major depression. (scitechdaily.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology40

Phenomena and Processes8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena11

Information Science4

Named Groups4

Health Care19

Geographicals3

Alcohol Dependence14

Medicinal purposes5

Opioid3

Cannabinoids8

Opiate Dependence1

Heroin12

Recreational10

Cannabis dependence15

Substance dependence12

Legalization of mariju2

Psychoactive2

Long-term marijuana users2

Drug42

Nicotine and marijuana2

Addiction to marijuana2

Symptoms6

Substances3

Poses2

Cocaine dependence1

Hemp plant3

Withdrawal1

20191

Smokers2

Researchers6

Effects of mariju2

Abuse or dependence1

Tobacco and Marijuana1

Cessation of marijuana1

Dependent on marijuana1

Illicit1

Anxiety3

Consequences4

Risks2

Addictive3

Blunts1

Potency4

Vape2

Legal marijuana1

Heavy marijuana3

Regular marijuana2

Synthetic marijuana1

Legalizing Marijuana3

Misuse1

19951

Medical25

Cigarettes3

Adults2

Hashish2

Active ingredient1

Physical3

Psychological2

Genes1

Participants1

Suggests1