• Dengvaxia is safe and effective in reducing dengue-related hospitalizations and severe dengue among persons who have had dengue infection in the past. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous natural infection is important because Dengvaxia is associated with an increased risk for severe dengue in those who experience their first natural infection (i.e., primary infection) after vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk for severe dengue varies on the basis of many factors, including the number of previous dengue infections a person has had. (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas any dengue infection can lead to severe dengue, a second infection with a dengue virus is the most likely to cause severe dengue compared with the first and post-secondary infections ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although ~75% of individuals infected with a DENV will be asymptomatic, ~5% of individuals that develop dengue will progress to severe dengue, an illness characterized by plasma leakage leading to hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, and potentially death. (cdc.gov)
  • The case-fatality rate for individuals with severe dengue can be as high as 10% if untreated, or 0.1% with appropriate clinical management. (cdc.gov)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
  • The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
  • In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Antibodies to DENV NS1 are associated with severe dengue. (ox.ac.uk)
  • JEV NS1 antibodies were associated with a higher probability of having severe dengue in older unvaccinated individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ACIP recommends vaccination with Dengvaxia for children aged 9-16 having evidence of a previous dengue infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence of previous dengue infection, such as detection of anti-DENV immunoglobulin G with a highly specific serodiagnostic test, will be required for eligible children before vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • After an infection with one DENV serotype, antibodies induced are type specific and cross-react with other DENV serotypes ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The adaptive immune response that develops with infection by any DENV provides long-term immunity to the homologous virus and short-lived protection against heterologous DENV. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness caused by infection with any of four dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). (cdc.gov)
  • Because these mosquitoes are endemic throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, an estimated 40% of the world's population is at risk for DENV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • DENV infection results in long-lasting immunity to symptomatic infection (dengue) with that DENV-type. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of acute/recent DENV infection by both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological methods (IgM) was available in 19/24 (79.2%) participating laboratories. (who.int)
  • Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • It has therefore been assumed that persons with DENV neutralizing antibodies are protected against infection. (blogspot.com)
  • Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)
  • Recent work suggests that primary monocytes and macrophages may not respond in exactly the same fashion to infection by DENV immune complexes ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
  • however, a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. (mdpi.com)
  • The activation of autophagy and ER stress during infection enhances virus reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our work on dengue and zika immunology draws on an extensive bank of human vaccine clinical trial specimens and natural infection studies in partnership with the Vaccine Testing Center and other collaborators. (uvm.edu)
  • 4) Transcriptional profiling of DENV virus infection (Joint College of Medicine/Engineering Biomedical Engineering grant with Donna Rizzo and John Hanley from UVM and Sam Scarpino from Northeastern). (uvm.edu)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)
  • Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Dengue virus infection has emerged as marker in clinical practice ( 11 ). (who.int)
  • We further isolated an antibody from Beta infection which targeted the N417 site, enabling cross-neutralization of Beta, Delta+, and Omicron, all of which possess this residue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recombinant viruses emerge through the co-infection of the same host cell by multiple variants. (vitrosens.com)
  • Title : Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases (U.S.) Published Date : June 2008 Source : Viral immunology. (cdc.gov)
  • About 93% had antiyellow fever virus 17D-reactive antibodies, whereas 80.5% reacted to wild-type yellow fever virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)
  • These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
  • There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Recombinant domains of the E protein are used as well-defined antigens in the serological detection of antibodies directed against dengue virus and as immunogens in vaccine candidates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further work is aimed at identifying novel monoclonal antibodies and T cell responses to the virus. (uvm.edu)
  • 3) Defining B cell memory to Dengue and Zika and developing potent neutralizing antibodies (CDC and NIH, Collaboration with A. De Silva, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). (uvm.edu)
  • JEV NS1 responses were higher in older unvaccinated individuals and correlated with higher DENV antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) had the lowest seropositivity percentage (52.6%) compared with other Flaviviruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • IgG anti-DENV seroconversion or ≥4-fold rise in titer by a validated immunoassay in serum specimens collected >2 weeks apart, and confirmed by a neutralization test (e.g., plaque reduction neutralization test) with a >4-fold higher end point titer as compared to other flaviviruses tested. (cdc.gov)
  • The mosquito-borne flaviviruses dengue and zika cause endemic or pandemic disease and long-term sequelae across over 40% of the world's population and there are no broadly licensed vaccines for either. (uvm.edu)
  • JEV and DENV are both closely related flaviviruses with known cross-reactivity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • JEV NS1 immunity is probably acquired by cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses such as dengue than through vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because ZIKV and DENV are related flaviviruses, their homologous proteins and nucleic acids can cause cross-reactions and false positive results in molecular, antigenic and serologic diagnostics. (healthresearch.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
  • The patient tested negative for hantavirus RNA, but next-generation sequencing of a serum sample yielded a complete genome for Rio Negro virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The DENV genome is about 11000 bases of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) that codes for three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5). (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus has a genome of about 11000 bases that encodes a single large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into several structural and non-structural mature peptides. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • The DENV RNA genome is in the infected cell translated by the host ribosomes. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • When multiple strains of a virus simultaneously infect and replicate within a single host cell, they may exchange parts of their genome and acquire mutations from one another. (vitrosens.com)
  • However, cross-protective (heterotypic) immunity against dengue is short-lived with estimated durations of 1-3 years. (cdc.gov)
  • The first observation was that a single dose of 4 live-attenuated chimeric DENVs given subcutaneously at a single site failed to raise type-specific protective immunity against the 4 DENV serotypes, and 2) doses 2 and 3 of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine given to children over a 1-year period failed to improve efficacy outcomes. (blogspot.com)
  • Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
  • Therefore, a JEV NS1 ELISA was developed as a community assessment tool for testing seroprevalence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An in-house indirect JEV NS1 ELISA was developed and tested in a community cohort of 80 individuals between the ages of 6-80 and with varying JEV vaccine status and past dengue severity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The JEV NS1 ELISA is a useful tool to assess seroprevalence in the community and could be potentially useful in community assessment prior to dengue vaccine introduction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • aegypti ), implicating these species as likely lin (Ig) M-capture ELISA with DENV antigen confi rmed epidemic or enzootic vectors ( 3 - 5 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 2015 we analysed the serum samples of 140 patients with a suspicion of dengue, using ELISA and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
  • Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
  • Dengue is caused by four closely related viruses (DENV-1-4), and a person can be infected with each serotype for a total of four infections during their lifetime. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2013, an estimated 58 million symptomatic DENV infections (95% CI: 24 million-122 million) and 13,586 deaths occurred worldwide (95% CI: 4,200-34,700), resulting in a total annual cost of $8.9 billion (95% CI: $3.7 billion-$19.7 billion) in direct medical and nonmedical costs and indirect costs associated with time lost because of illness, care, or death ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue can be caused by any one of the four distinct but related viruses, and a person can be infected with each serotype for a total of four dengue infections during their lifetime ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, where an estimated 400 million DENV infections and 100 million clinically apparent dengue cases occurred in 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • suggested that there are 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically. (who.int)
  • Additionally, coinfection with and lack of rapid tests for Zika virus and chikungunya complicate matters in real-world infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current estimates indicate that as many as 390 million infections occur each year, and many dengue infections are increasingly understood to be asymptomatic or subclinical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Diehl's work in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics encompasses translational and basic research aimed at understanding the human immune response to viral infections, primarily to dengue virus, zika virus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. (uvm.edu)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike DENV, ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. (healthresearch.org)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV by validated immunoassay in a serum specimen or CSF in a person living in a dengue endemic or non-endemic area of the United States without evidence of other flavivirus transmission (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area without ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area with ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • 7,8 That may also be the case for Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that was detected in Asia in the 1960s but has recently emerged in the Pacific and the Americas. (who.int)
  • Dengue is caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • DENV is an single stranded RNA positive-strand virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Individuals who were DENV-positive with high antibody titers by HIA or envelope protein domain III enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reacted strongly with ZIKV, whereas individuals with low anti-DENV antibody titers reacted poorly toward ZIKV. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. (mvcac.org)
  • In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
  • Until a few hundred years ago, dengue virus was transmitted in sylvatic cycles in Africa, Southeast Asia and South Asia between mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and nonhuman primates, with rare emergences into human populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The global spread of dengue virus, however, has followed its emergence from sylvatic cycles and the primary lifecycle now exclusively involves transmission between humans and Aedes mosquitoes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue virus is transmitted by species of the mosquito genus Aedes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • 125 countries includ- female mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Serum samples that tested positive ing Pakistan ( 2 , 3 ). (who.int)
  • Overall, 93.7% of the participants were seropositive (419/447) for at least one DENV serotype, and the DENV seropositivity ranged between 84.8% and 91.0%, as determined by HIA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. (who.int)
  • 3 Japan reported its first autochthonous outbreak in over 70 years 4,5 and DENV-serotype 3 was found to be circulating in the Pacific after an absence of 18 years. (who.int)
  • Here, a serotype is a group of viruses classified together based on their antigens on the surface of the virus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Attempts to provide detailed summaries of the life cycle of dengue at the cellular level are published in review articles from different research groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The life cycle of dengue involves endocytosis via a cell surface receptor (see video 1 and figure 3). (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Sri Lanka is a dengue (DENV) endemic country which since 1988 has introduced vaccination against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dengue virus has increased dramatically within the last 20 years, becoming one of the worst mosquito-borne human pathogens that tropical countries have to deal with. (wikipedia.org)
  • In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
  • This genus includes also the West Nile virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • The vaccine is a live-attenuated, chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine built on a yellow fever 17D backbone. (cdc.gov)
  • When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • RESULTS: A total of 74.52% of the participants were immunoglobulin G-positive (310/416), as estimated by lateral flow tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • More recently we seek to understand how norovirus, a family of viruses for which there is no vaccine and causes significant gastrointestinal illness (vomiting and diarrhea) and hospitalization can skew the infant antibody response towards those that may not offer protection. (uvm.edu)
  • These releases were undertaken under operational conditions with the aim of rapidly scaling the intervention in response to the Zika virus crisis. (mvcac.org)
  • Further comprehensive diagnostic testing, including testing for Zika virus, should comprise future iterations of the EQA. (who.int)
  • Clinical symptoms resemble dengue, and while chikungunya is a generally milder disease, debilitating sequelae such as persistent arthralgia have been reported in 36-64% of cases. (who.int)
  • mosquitoes collected in a professional BG-Sentinel mosquito trap § tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. (medscape.com)
  • Included within the series are papers on orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides, lesser known viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Cache Valley, Everglades, Jamestown Canyon, and LaCrosse, and recently discovered viruses transmitted by ticks including Bourbon, Heartland, Colorado tick fever, and Powassan. (mvcac.org)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Global dengue incidence has increased in recent decades, though the actual numbers of dengue cases are masked by underreporting. (who.int)
  • Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)
  • 7 CHIKV has probably had an unappreciated circulation in the region due to its disease presentation and co-circulation with DENV. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • DENV causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from a self limited Dengue Fever (DF) to a life-threatening syndrome called Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) . (denguevirusnet.com)
  • The major difference for humans lies in subtle differences in the surface proteins of the different dengue subtypes. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • 50-100 million cases of dengue fever brate hosts of dengue virus in nature cessed by multiplex polymerase chain and 500 000 of dengue haemorrhagic are humans and several species of Asian reaction (PCR) in which the presence fever (DHF) reported annually ( 4 ). (who.int)
  • A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
  • Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • however, the serological cross-reaction between these emerging viruses in dengue virus (DENV)-endemic regions are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • In March 2020 we implemented broad serological testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus underlying COVID-19 used to profile hospitalized COVID-19 patients as well as those exposed to the virus but did not require hospitalization. (uvm.edu)
  • Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
  • On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
  • Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • Only Canada and continental Chile are free from dengue and its vector. (paho.org)
  • There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and vector control and vaccination are the only effective methods to prevent future outbreaks. (who.int)
  • The glycoprotein shell of the mature DENV virion consists of 180 copies each of the E and M proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The E glycoprotein is responsible for virion attachment to receptor and fusion of the virus envelope with the target cell membrane and bears the virus neutralization epitopes. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
  • this population is not likely to qualify for access to confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) and therefore the virus could go undetected. (healthresearch.org)
  • The DENV E (envelope) protein, found as a dimer on the surface of the mature viral particle, is important in the initial attachment of this particle to the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DENV prM (membrane) protein, which is important in the formation and maturation of the viral particle, consists of seven antiparallel β-strands stabilized by three disulfide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the infectious form of the virus, the envelope protein lays flat on the surface of the virus, forming a smooth coat with icosahedral symmetry. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • However, when the virus is carried into the cell and into lysozomes, the acidic environment causes the protein to snap into a different shape, assembling into trimeric spike. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also present current putative data that Mayaro, o'nyong'nyong, Oropouche, Spondweni and Lumbo viruses exist in sylvatic cycles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • This knowledge is critical to developing better vaccines and to develop better laboratory tests to determine whether vaccine candidates engage the immune system in a way that is likely to lead to protection. (uvm.edu)
  • The effect of JEV NS1 on dengue severity has not been evaluated in Sri Lanka and underlying JEV NS1 seroprevalence can potentially be important in dengue vaccine responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Confirmatory PRNT is expensive, time-consuming (one-week turn-around), has low sample throughput, and uses live virus in the lab, which creates a biosafety risk. (healthresearch.org)
  • Twenty-four national-level public health laboratories performed routine diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules. (who.int)
  • Further validation studies with neutralization assays need to be done on a larger number. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) all circulate globally, and most countries where dengue is endemic have reported circulation of all four serotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Association in time and place (e.g., household member, family member, classmate, or neighbor) with a confirmed or probable dengue case. (cdc.gov)