NitrogenAtmospheric carbonAtmosphereConcentrated carbon dioxide levelsMonoxideEmissionsGasesMethaneAmount of carbon dioxideSequestration of carbonVenusOxygenTropical forestsHydrogenGreenhousePoisonousUptakeGaseousWaterSupercriticalCloudsReduce carbonSink for carbonForestsDensityToxicityConcentrationCombustionTemperatureFossilAbsorbRemovalDegreesSedimentsSootClimate changeSkipLevelsChemicalRetainMeasurementsScientistsFiresCalculateImplicationsHighBreatheQuicklySolidMainWidelyUnderstandingOcean
Nitrogen11
- Venus's atmosphere is dense with poisonous carbon dioxide and nitrogen. (thedailybeast.com)
- The Venusian atmosphere is comprised of 97 percent carbon dioxide, about 3 percent nitrogen and trace amounts of other gases. (space.com)
- The dense soupy atmosphere (96% carbon dioxide, 4% nitrogen) gives the landscape an oppressive and murky look. (armaghplanet.com)
- The Ministry of Science and Technology said on Sunday that the cloud contained sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and other toxic substances. (khaleejtimes.com)
- Far exceeding the levels of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and even oxygen, bullets now constitute three-fourths of Chicago's air supply," said atmospheric scientist and study co-author John Molina, stressing that the dense and widespread deposits of jacketed lead and copper in the air pose severe and potentially fatal health risks to all Chicago residents. (theonion.com)
- The Act was originally passed in 1970 to combat air pollution in the form of airborne lead and mercury, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulates, and ground-level ozone - to name a few. (enn.com)
- While Earth has a blue sky, oceans of liquid water brimming with life, and an oxygen-rich atmosphere, Venus is surrounded by dense cloud cover and an atmosphere comprising carbon dioxide, nitrogen and various trace gases. (dlr.de)
- Problems during diving can result from toxic effects of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. (msdmanuals.com)
- High-Pressure Neurologic (Nervous System) Syndrome Problems during diving can result from toxic effects of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. (msdmanuals.com)
- Significant toxicity occurs with the inhalation of asphyxiants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen, and methane. (medscape.com)
- This system is based upon a Soviet designed agricultural jet engine which consumes aviation fuel with oxygen (O2) from the intake air and exhausts combustion gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), along with the nitrogen (N2) from the air and small amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). (cdc.gov)
Atmospheric carbon7
- After atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves into the ocean, part of the carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- These include a high-speed anemometer (using the speed of sound to measure the turbulence) and an infra-red gas analyser (measuring fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- image: Simulated sunlight powers a solar cell that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into syngas. (eurekalert.org)
- Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have engineered a potentially game-changing solar cell that cheaply and efficiently converts atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into usable hydrocarbon fuel, using only sunlight for energy. (eurekalert.org)
- Unlike conventional solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity that must be stored in heavy batteries, the new device essentially does the work of plants, converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into fuel, solving two crucial problems at once. (eurekalert.org)
- The availability of iron, therefore, can limit uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with important implications for the climate. (anl.gov)
- Understanding iron cycling in Antarctic phytoplankton is crucial for determining whether iron fertilization can be an effective strategy for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide. (anl.gov)
Atmosphere26
- Direct deep-sea carbon dioxide injection was a (now abandoned) technology proposal with the aim to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by direct injection into the deep ocean to store it there for centuries. (wikipedia.org)
- With an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the position of equilibrium pushes the equilibrium in the direction such that more CO2 dissolves into the water. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere decreases ocean pH in a process called ocean acidification. (wikipedia.org)
- Other natural gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone) and man-made gases (chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons) have molecular structures that will absorb the heat radiation coming from Earth's surface and heat up the atmosphere. (reasons.org)
- Additionally, the atmosphere on Venus is 90 percent more dense than Earth's. (reasons.org)
- By lofting balloons high into the dense venusian atmosphere, researchers hope to soon tune in to the seismic heartbeat of our sister world. (astronomy.com)
- Venus has a very dense atmosphere, so if the ground shakes, the surface vibrations couple to the air and propagate through the clouds. (astronomy.com)
- Large-scale fires may have pumped as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in a few weeks as motor vehicle traffic does in a year, according to research by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Colorado at Boulder. (science20.com)
- Particularly large fires can release enormous pulses of carbon dioxide rapidly into the atmosphere. (science20.com)
- Enormous fires like this pump a large amount of carbon dioxide quickly into the atmosphere," Wiedinmyer says. (science20.com)
- But fires are likely to become more frequent and widespread as temperatures warm around much of the globe, which means that more carbon dioxide may be released into the atmosphere. (science20.com)
- But as these forests now begin to burn, that stored twentieth century carbon is moving back into the atmosphere, where it may compound our current problems with CO2. (science20.com)
- Luckily, the idea behind NASA's new mission is not to land people on the inhospitable surface, but to use the dense atmosphere as a base for exploration. (space.com)
- The atmosphere above this altitude is also dense enough to protect astronauts from ionising radiation from space . (space.com)
- This is possible because breathable air is less dense than the Venusian atmosphere and, as result, would be a lifting gas. (space.com)
- New Scientist reports that increased carbon dioxide levels are cooling the upper atmosphere, which decreases the atmospheric density. (universetoday.com)
- A solar farm of such "artificial leaves" could remove significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere and produce energy-dense fuel efficiently. (eurekalert.org)
- In the future, he said, it may prove useful on Mars, whose atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, if the planet is also found to have water. (eurekalert.org)
- In this scenario, electrically charged particles from the sun stripped away Mars' air from the top , leaving behind a carbon dioxide atmosphere that's only 1 percent as dense as Earth's. (nbcnews.com)
- Venus' thick, carbon dioxide atmosphere causes a runaway greenhouse effect. (planetary.org)
- At the surface, Venus has an atmosphere 50 times denser than Earth's, and average surface temperatures of 470 degrees Celsius (878 degrees Fahrenheit) - hot enough to melt lead. (planetary.org)
- By observing hotspots on the surface and changing sulfur dioxide levels in the atmosphere over six years, the spacecraft collected the best evidence yet of active volcanism on Venus. (planetary.org)
- This layer is produced by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, which breaks down the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in Venus' atmosphere into atomic oxygen and other products. (dlr.de)
- The atmosphere on Mars is mostly carbon dioxide and extremely thin (about 100 times less dense than Earth's), with no breathable oxygen. (marsnews.com)
- In iron fertilization, which has been discussed as a way to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, iron is introduced to the surface ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom in locations where iron is the limiting nutrient. (anl.gov)
- Before I will elaborate on the thesis that nano particles are the main cause of climate shifts, we will discuss the contemporary consensus that we have global climate-change with an expectation that we will face at least 3 degrees Celsius overall warming caused by increases in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, show that in some respect, the reasoning about global change can be improved. (scirp.org)
Concentrated carbon dioxide levels1
- Studies show that delivering liquid carbon dioxide by a towed pipeline (attached to boat traveling perpendicular to the current), can minimize "clumps" of highly concentrated carbon dioxide levels. (wikipedia.org)
Monoxide2
- While plants produce fuel in the form of sugar, the artificial leaf delivers syngas, or synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. (eurekalert.org)
- When light of 100 watts per square meter - about the average intensity reaching the Earth's surface - energizes the cell, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas bubble up from the cathode, while free oxygen and hydrogen ions are produced at the anode. (eurekalert.org)
Emissions11
- Due to this mechanism, more than 500 Gtons of carbon dioxide (amounting to a total of 140 Gtons of carbon) of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released over the past 2 centuries have been absorbed by the oceans. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers Christine Wiedinmyer of NCAR and Jason Neff of the University of Colorado, used satellite observations of fires and a new computer model, developed by Wiedinmyer, that estimates carbon dioxide emissions based on the mass of vegetation burned. (science20.com)
- Overall, the study estimates that fires in the contiguous United States and Alaska release about 290 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year, which is the equivalent of 4 to 6 percent of the nation's carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning. (science20.com)
- A striking implication of very large wildfires is that a severe fire season lasting only one or two months can release as much carbon as the annual emissions from the entire transportation or energy sector of an individual state," the authors write. (science20.com)
- Her preliminary estimates indicate that the fires emitted 7.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in just the one-week period of October 19-26, the equivalent of about 25 percent of the average monthly emissions from all fossil fuel burning throughout California. (science20.com)
- Carbon dioxide emissions from fires pose a significant challenge as policymakers focus on limiting greenhouse gases because of concerns over climate change. (science20.com)
- The new study found that evergreen forests in the South and West are the dominant U.S. sources for carbon dioxide emissions from fires. (science20.com)
- The hottest years recorded in the United States are 1934 and 1935, when temperatures were hotter than they are today, and there were no excessive carbon dioxide emissions taking place, especially since we were in the middle of the Great Depression. (briantracy.com)
- In previous eras, carbon dioxide emissions were ten times and twenty times greater over the earth than they are today. (briantracy.com)
- The comfortable handling is complemented by the low rolling resistance that reduces fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. (kaltire.com)
- Locating housing farther away from these centers increases traffic and, in Virginia's transportation sector, accounts for 48% of carbon dioxide emissions . (arlnow.com)
Gases6
- Are greenhouse gases, particularly those generated by humans (like carbon dioxide and methane), the cause of the temperature rise? (reasons.org)
- Fires also produce invisible gases, including carbon dioxide. (discovermagazine.com)
- Forests are widely recognized as an ecosystem capable of capturing and storing large amounts of carbon dioxide, but the dense tropical forests have been assumed to be play major role in soaking up the greenhouse gases. (xinhuanet.com)
- This page details the chemical composition of sea water, salinity, density, its dissolved gases, carbon dioxide and pH as limiting factor. (seafriends.org.nz)
- the two important gases to life, oxygen and carbondioxide. (seafriends.org.nz)
- First, hot air doesn't rise, and dense gases don't sink. (africaninspace.com)
Methane2
Amount of carbon dioxide1
- However, they caution that their estimates have a margin of error of about 50 percent, both because of inexact data about the extent of fires and varying estimates of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by different types of blazes. (science20.com)
Sequestration of carbon2
- There is consensus among scientists that ocean sequestration of carbon dioxide is not a long-term plan to be relied on, but may solve immediate atmospheric concerns if implemented temporarily. (wikipedia.org)
- The sequestration of carbon in deep sea sediments is a crucial sink for carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas. (anl.gov)
Venus1
- Venus is covered in dense clouds of carbon dioxide. (3quarksdaily.com)
Oxygen2
- they provide much of the oxygen we breathe while we offer them our exhaled carbon dioxide in return. (listverse.com)
- The energy is released during the cell respiration when the oxygen burns the carbohydrates while carbon dioxide and water are formed. (lu.se)
Tropical forests1
- During those times, the excess carbon dioxide was absorbed by plant life, causing most of the world to be covered by dense tropical forests. (briantracy.com)
Hydrogen1
- The hydrogen ions diffuse through a membrane to the cathode side, to participate in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction," said Asadi. (eurekalert.org)
Greenhouse4
- The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme estimates that dilute carbon dioxide injection would cost $70 per tonne of carbon dioxide including costs of carbon capture, transport, and storage before boat dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
- Understanding and quantifying the carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of the UK's woodlands and forests is a key part of our programme on forestry and climate change mitigation . (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- A major part of the experimental work is focussed on quantifying the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas uptake and losses from a planted oak woodland within the Alice Holt Research Forest. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- Instead of producing energy in an unsustainable one-way route from fossil fuels to greenhouse gas, we can now reverse the process and recycle atmospheric carbon into fuel using sunlight," he said. (eurekalert.org)
Poisonous1
- The high count of carbon dioxide, however, is poisonous to humans, rendering them unconscious in 20 seconds and dead in four minutes if exposed without breathing masks. (forevergeek.com)
Uptake3
- Those trees tend to regrow on land previously used for agriculture and it is their young age that is one of the main drivers of the carbon uptake, according to the study published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (xinhuanet.com)
- Also, the age-caused carbon uptake was primarily situated not in the tropics, but in the middle and high latitude forests. (xinhuanet.com)
- It's important to get a clear sense of where and why this carbon uptake is happening, because this helps us to make targeted and informed decisions about forest management," said Tom Pugh with the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research. (xinhuanet.com)
Gaseous2
- At standard pressure, carbon dioxide can be solid or gaseous, depending on the temperature. (jove.com)
- At pressures below 5.1 atm, if the temperature of solid carbon dioxide is raised, it will directly transition to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid form. (jove.com)
Water10
- Due to the solubility of carbon dioxide in water, CO2 naturally dissolves in oceanic waters to form an equilibrium. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbon dioxide dispersal via boat can also occur by a pipe attached to the ship injecting a dilute carbon dioxide mixture into the water column. (wikipedia.org)
- As injected carbon dioxide bubbles rise, dispersal increases up the water column. (wikipedia.org)
- The phase diagram of water has a few notable differences from that of carbon dioxide. (jove.com)
- The fusion curve of carbon dioxide has a positive slope, while for water, the slope is negative. (jove.com)
- Increasing the pressure favors a liquid-to- solid transition in carbon dioxide but a solid-to-liquid transition in water. (jove.com)
- Measurements of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy exchange (or fluxes) commenced in March 1998 at the Straits Inclosure, in addition to numerous other assessments at the site, linked to the Intensive Forest Monitoring Network and the Environmental Change Network . (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- Pacific Ocean water is already high in carbon dioxide and has higher acidity. (udel.edu)
- As the ocean mass moves north, it absorbs additional carbon dioxide from decomposing organic matter in the water and sediments, increasing acidity. (udel.edu)
- If you consider the impact of carbon dioxide as the main driver, how to explain that the troposphere can have a global impact on climate change while it only contains 5% carbon dioxide and the other 95% consists of water (water vapour and water droplets). (scirp.org)
Supercritical5
- Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study: Polymer Chemistry Polymer Chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Synthesis and control of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) based viscosity modifiers using dense phase carbon dioxide as a solvent: Journal of Supercritical Fluids Journal of Supercritical Fluids. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Sulindac encapsulation and release from functional poly(HEMA) microparticles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide: International Journal of Pharmaceutics International Journal of Pharmaceutics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Antimicrobial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from polymer network particles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- At 73 atm and 31 °C, both liquid and vapor phases of carbon dioxide will coalesce into a single-phase supercritical fluid. (jove.com)
Clouds3
- It famously contains a sprinkling of sulphuric acid which forms dense clouds and is a major contributor to its visible brightness when viewed from Earth. (space.com)
- This image composite shows carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ice clouds, detected for the first time by the OMEGA instrument aboard ESA's Mars Express in late June 2004. (esa.int)
- The clouds imaged by OMEGA can reduce the Sun's apparent brightness by up to 40 per cent, which means that they cast quite a dense shadow. (esa.int)
Reduce carbon2
- The carbon dioxide would be injected at 1000 m depth to reduce carbon dioxide bubble escape. (wikipedia.org)
- P. antarctica assimilates more carbon dioxide than diatoms, so a shift to a diatom-rich phytoplankton community may reduce carbon dioxide sequestration, the opposite of the desired effect. (anl.gov)
Sink for carbon1
- From the onset of monitoring in 1998, the mean annual NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) has been 4.8 tC/ha/yr, indicating that overall, this woodland is acting as a strong sink for carbon. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Forests6
- The fires could complicate government efforts to rely on forests to help absorb carbon dioxide. (science20.com)
- Our attempts to control fire have had the unintended benefit of sequestering more carbon in our forests and reducing the impact of human combustion of fossil fuels. (science20.com)
- Quantifying the carbon balance of the forests requires measurements of the exchange of carbon dioxide between the air passing over the forest and the forest vegetation, using micrometeorological methods. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- WASHINGTON, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- A study has shown that more than half of the carbon reservoir in the world's forests is in those where tress are relatively young or under 140 years old rather than in tropical rainforests. (xinhuanet.com)
- Researchers at the University of Birmingham analyzed the global biosphere using a new combination of data and computer modeling and found that the new forests sucked up large amounts of carbon not only due to fertilization effects but also due to their younger age. (xinhuanet.com)
- The age effect accounted for around one-fourth of the total carbon dioxide absorbed by forests, according to the study. (xinhuanet.com)
Density1
- Upon injection, waters interact and mix based on density and dilute the concentration of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity2
- Some scuba divers have carbon dioxide toxicity because they do not increase their breathing adequately during exertion. (msdmanuals.com)
- Malfunction of a closed or semiclosed rebreathing apparatus is another potential cause of carbon dioxide toxicity. (msdmanuals.com)
Concentration1
- Techniques and instruments available since the late 1980s allow us to measure the rapid turbulence in the air (or 'eddies'), and the fluctuations in the carbon dioxide concentration to see how they 'co-vary' (vary together). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Combustion2
- Chemical reactions that convert CO2 into burnable forms of carbon are called reduction reactions, the opposite of oxidation or combustion. (eurekalert.org)
- Carbon dioxide does not trigger the climate shifts, but is an indicator of exhaust of combustion processes that emit very small particles which drive these climate shifts. (scirp.org)
Temperature1
- Watch the screen, what happens to temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide. (lu.se)
Fossil1
- In this article, I will show that carbon dioxide is not the driver, but a (useful) indicator of fossil burning and production processes that create nano sized particles (and particulate matter) which do affect climate shifts via coagulation and nucleation. (scirp.org)
Absorb2
- Long after a fire sweeps through an area, new vegetation over the course of several decades to a century may absorb as much carbon dioxide as was released during the blaze. (science20.com)
- But some particles, like soot and black carbon, are dark in color and absorb light and heat. (discovermagazine.com)
Removal1
- For the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas prior to delivery to a pipeline, membranes are more advantageous than conventional amine adsorption processing for use on offshore platforms, high CO 2 content wells, small gas streams or environmentally sensitive areas. (mrs.org)
Degrees1
Sediments1
- Carbon taken up by the phytoplankton is later sequestered in deep sea sediments. (anl.gov)
Soot1
- Simple carbon soot is not particularly toxic, although it may carry and deposit other toxins directly onto the airway surfaces, thereby increasing exposure. (medscape.com)
Climate change2
- Provide data on forest floor CO 2 release for woodland carbon balance modelling (for example, to assess the possible climate change impacts). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
- This work will help increase our understanding of climate change, carbon cycling, and ocean acidification in the Arctic, particularly as it affects marine and fishery science and technology," said Chen. (udel.edu)
Skip1
- Voluntary reduction in breathing rate to conserve air ("skip breathing") can also cause carbon dioxide buildup in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
Levels2
- With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations released due to human activities as compared to levels before the Industrialization, oceans are currently absorbing 7 Gt carbon dioxide per annum. (wikipedia.org)
- Today, increased carbon dioxide levels actually lead to more luxurious and abundant crops and food stocks to feed a hungry world. (briantracy.com)
Chemical1
- more able to break carbon dioxide's chemical bonds," said UIC postdoctoral researcher Mohammad Asadi, first author on the Science paper. (eurekalert.org)
Retain1
- Others retain carbon dioxide because the compressed air at depth is denser and requires greater effort to move it through the airways and breathing apparatus. (msdmanuals.com)
Measurements1
- From very rapid (20 times a second) measurements half-hour average fluxes of carbon dioxide are continuously computed in all weather conditions. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Scientists2
- Scientists believe that it is possible to engineer ways to discharge carbon dioxide at rates that resemble the natural fluctuation of carbon dioxide in the oceans. (wikipedia.org)
- Scientists measured dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity which allows them to calculate pH and the saturation state for aragonite, a carbonate mineral that marine organisms need to build their shells. (udel.edu)
Fires2
- With some fires, the climate impact of this carbon dioxide could actually be minimal. (discovermagazine.com)
- For example, with many grassland fires in sub-Saharan Africa, the grass starts to grow back very quickly, reabsorbing the burned carbon dioxide almost immediately. (discovermagazine.com)
Calculate1
- We can then calculate the net exchange upwards (when the forest is termed a 'source' of carbon dioxide, for example at night) and downwards (when the forest is a sink, for example on a sunny summer day). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Implications1
- This research leads to a greater understanding of the dynamics of iron cycling in the Southern Ocean with possible implications for improving carbon sequestration. (anl.gov)
High1
- However, the interest in this avenue of carbon storage has much reduced since about 2001 because of concerns about the unknown impacts on marine life, high costs and concerns about its stability or permanence. (wikipedia.org)
Breathe1
- A buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is the body's signal to breathe. (msdmanuals.com)
Quickly1
- When the two combine, carbon dioxide gas is quickly created. (mentalfloss.com)
Solid3
- Carbon dioxide ocean storage can occur through solid or solid hydrate of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbon dioxide can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas under specific temperatures and pressures. (jove.com)
- The higher pressure favors the denser solid form of carbon dioxide. (jove.com)
Main2
- the main biomes of the land and their carbon sinks. (seafriends.org.nz)
- Current climate models need a drastically revision on the focus of carbon dioxide as main driver. (scirp.org)
Widely1
- 287 However nowadays that term is used more widely as part of carbon capture and storage and carbon sequestration in the ocean. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding1
- This work supports our research into understanding forest carbon balances and the effects of woodland management. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Ocean3
- Dilute carbon dioxide injection requires injection at depths where carbon dioxide can be dispersed by ocean currents and ocean mixing. (wikipedia.org)
- It was thought that dilute carbon dioxide injection at 0.37 GTC/yr would have a negligible effect on ocean pH. (wikipedia.org)
- After the organisms die, their dense siliceous shells descend into the deep ocean. (anl.gov)