• After atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves into the ocean, part of the carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • These include a high-speed anemometer (using the speed of sound to measure the turbulence) and an infra-red gas analyser (measuring fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • image: Simulated sunlight powers a solar cell that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into syngas. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have engineered a potentially game-changing solar cell that cheaply and efficiently converts atmospheric carbon dioxide directly into usable hydrocarbon fuel, using only sunlight for energy. (eurekalert.org)
  • Unlike conventional solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity that must be stored in heavy batteries, the new device essentially does the work of plants, converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into fuel, solving two crucial problems at once. (eurekalert.org)
  • The availability of iron, therefore, can limit uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with important implications for the climate. (anl.gov)
  • Understanding iron cycling in Antarctic phytoplankton is crucial for determining whether iron fertilization can be an effective strategy for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide. (anl.gov)
  • Studies show that delivering liquid carbon dioxide by a towed pipeline (attached to boat traveling perpendicular to the current), can minimize "clumps" of highly concentrated carbon dioxide levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to this mechanism, more than 500 Gtons of carbon dioxide (amounting to a total of 140 Gtons of carbon) of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released over the past 2 centuries have been absorbed by the oceans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers Christine Wiedinmyer of NCAR and Jason Neff of the University of Colorado, used satellite observations of fires and a new computer model, developed by Wiedinmyer, that estimates carbon dioxide emissions based on the mass of vegetation burned. (science20.com)
  • Overall, the study estimates that fires in the contiguous United States and Alaska release about 290 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year, which is the equivalent of 4 to 6 percent of the nation's carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning. (science20.com)
  • A striking implication of very large wildfires is that a severe fire season lasting only one or two months can release as much carbon as the annual emissions from the entire transportation or energy sector of an individual state," the authors write. (science20.com)
  • Her preliminary estimates indicate that the fires emitted 7.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in just the one-week period of October 19-26, the equivalent of about 25 percent of the average monthly emissions from all fossil fuel burning throughout California. (science20.com)
  • Carbon dioxide emissions from fires pose a significant challenge as policymakers focus on limiting greenhouse gases because of concerns over climate change. (science20.com)
  • The new study found that evergreen forests in the South and West are the dominant U.S. sources for carbon dioxide emissions from fires. (science20.com)
  • The hottest years recorded in the United States are 1934 and 1935, when temperatures were hotter than they are today, and there were no excessive carbon dioxide emissions taking place, especially since we were in the middle of the Great Depression. (briantracy.com)
  • In previous eras, carbon dioxide emissions were ten times and twenty times greater over the earth than they are today. (briantracy.com)
  • The comfortable handling is complemented by the low rolling resistance that reduces fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. (kaltire.com)
  • Locating housing farther away from these centers increases traffic and, in Virginia's transportation sector, accounts for 48% of carbon dioxide emissions . (arlnow.com)
  • Now, a team reporting in ACS Engineering Au has mimicked the process to produce methane, an energy-dense fuel, from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water and sunlight. (acs.org)
  • Although methane is a potent greenhouse gas, it's also a highly energy-dense fuel and the main component of natural gas. (acs.org)
  • However, they caution that their estimates have a margin of error of about 50 percent, both because of inexact data about the extent of fires and varying estimates of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by different types of blazes. (science20.com)
  • There is consensus among scientists that ocean sequestration of carbon dioxide is not a long-term plan to be relied on, but may solve immediate atmospheric concerns if implemented temporarily. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sequestration of carbon in deep sea sediments is a crucial sink for carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas. (anl.gov)
  • During those times, the excess carbon dioxide was absorbed by plant life, causing most of the world to be covered by dense tropical forests. (briantracy.com)
  • The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme estimates that dilute carbon dioxide injection would cost $70 per tonne of carbon dioxide including costs of carbon capture, transport, and storage before boat dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding and quantifying the carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of the UK's woodlands and forests is a key part of our programme on forestry and climate change mitigation . (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • A major part of the experimental work is focussed on quantifying the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas uptake and losses from a planted oak woodland within the Alice Holt Research Forest. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • Instead of producing energy in an unsustainable one-way route from fossil fuels to greenhouse gas, we can now reverse the process and recycle atmospheric carbon into fuel using sunlight," he said. (eurekalert.org)
  • The high count of carbon dioxide, however, is poisonous to humans, rendering them unconscious in 20 seconds and dead in four minutes if exposed without breathing masks. (forevergeek.com)
  • Those trees tend to regrow on land previously used for agriculture and it is their young age that is one of the main drivers of the carbon uptake, according to the study published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (xinhuanet.com)
  • Also, the age-caused carbon uptake was primarily situated not in the tropics, but in the middle and high latitude forests. (xinhuanet.com)
  • It's important to get a clear sense of where and why this carbon uptake is happening, because this helps us to make targeted and informed decisions about forest management," said Tom Pugh with the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research. (xinhuanet.com)
  • Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study: Polymer Chemistry Polymer Chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Synthesis and control of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) based viscosity modifiers using dense phase carbon dioxide as a solvent: Journal of Supercritical Fluids Journal of Supercritical Fluids. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Sulindac encapsulation and release from functional poly(HEMA) microparticles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide: International Journal of Pharmaceutics International Journal of Pharmaceutics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Antimicrobial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from polymer network particles prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • At 73 atm and 31 °C, both liquid and vapor phases of carbon dioxide will coalesce into a single-phase supercritical fluid. (jove.com)
  • It famously contains a sprinkling of sulphuric acid which forms dense clouds and is a major contributor to its visible brightness when viewed from Earth. (space.com)
  • This image composite shows carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ice clouds, detected for the first time by the OMEGA instrument aboard ESA's Mars Express in late June 2004. (esa.int)
  • The clouds imaged by OMEGA can reduce the Sun's apparent brightness by up to 40 per cent, which means that they cast quite a dense shadow. (esa.int)
  • From the onset of monitoring in 1998, the mean annual NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) has been 4.8 tC/ha/yr, indicating that overall, this woodland is acting as a strong sink for carbon. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • The fires could complicate government efforts to rely on forests to help absorb carbon dioxide. (science20.com)
  • Our attempts to control fire have had the unintended benefit of sequestering more carbon in our forests and reducing the impact of human combustion of fossil fuels. (science20.com)
  • Quantifying the carbon balance of the forests requires measurements of the exchange of carbon dioxide between the air passing over the forest and the forest vegetation, using micrometeorological methods. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • WASHINGTON, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- A study has shown that more than half of the carbon reservoir in the world's forests is in those where tress are relatively young or under 140 years old rather than in tropical rainforests. (xinhuanet.com)
  • Researchers at the University of Birmingham analyzed the global biosphere using a new combination of data and computer modeling and found that the new forests sucked up large amounts of carbon not only due to fertilization effects but also due to their younger age. (xinhuanet.com)
  • The age effect accounted for around one-fourth of the total carbon dioxide absorbed by forests, according to the study. (xinhuanet.com)
  • Techniques and instruments available since the late 1980s allow us to measure the rapid turbulence in the air (or 'eddies'), and the fluctuations in the carbon dioxide concentration to see how they 'co-vary' (vary together). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • Chemical reactions that convert CO2 into burnable forms of carbon are called reduction reactions, the opposite of oxidation or combustion. (eurekalert.org)
  • Carbon dioxide does not trigger the climate shifts, but is an indicator of exhaust of combustion processes that emit very small particles which drive these climate shifts. (scirp.org)
  • In this article, I will show that carbon dioxide is not the driver, but a (useful) indicator of fossil burning and production processes that create nano sized particles (and particulate matter) which do affect climate shifts via coagulation and nucleation. (scirp.org)
  • Long after a fire sweeps through an area, new vegetation over the course of several decades to a century may absorb as much carbon dioxide as was released during the blaze. (science20.com)
  • But some particles, like soot and black carbon, are dark in color and absorb light and heat. (discovermagazine.com)
  • For the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas prior to delivery to a pipeline, membranes are more advantageous than conventional amine adsorption processing for use on offshore platforms, high CO 2 content wells, small gas streams or environmentally sensitive areas. (mrs.org)
  • Carbon dioxide and other carbon gasses do influence albedo patterns, but provide globally a homeostatic effect with a commonly accepted increase impact of 0.3 degrees Celsius. (scirp.org)
  • Simple carbon soot is not particularly toxic, although it may carry and deposit other toxins directly onto the airway surfaces, thereby increasing exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Provide data on forest floor CO 2 release for woodland carbon balance modelling (for example, to assess the possible climate change impacts). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • This work will help increase our understanding of climate change, carbon cycling, and ocean acidification in the Arctic, particularly as it affects marine and fishery science and technology," said Chen. (udel.edu)
  • With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations released due to human activities as compared to levels before the Industrialization, oceans are currently absorbing 7 Gt carbon dioxide per annum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today, increased carbon dioxide levels actually lead to more luxurious and abundant crops and food stocks to feed a hungry world. (briantracy.com)
  • more able to break carbon dioxide's chemical bonds," said UIC postdoctoral researcher Mohammad Asadi, first author on the Science paper. (eurekalert.org)
  • Others retain carbon dioxide because the compressed air at depth is denser and requires greater effort to move it through the airways and breathing apparatus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Scientists believe that it is possible to engineer ways to discharge carbon dioxide at rates that resemble the natural fluctuation of carbon dioxide in the oceans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists measured dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity which allows them to calculate pH and the saturation state for aragonite, a carbonate mineral that marine organisms need to build their shells. (udel.edu)
  • We can then calculate the net exchange upwards (when the forest is termed a 'source' of carbon dioxide, for example at night) and downwards (when the forest is a sink, for example on a sunny summer day). (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • This research leads to a greater understanding of the dynamics of iron cycling in the Southern Ocean with possible implications for improving carbon sequestration. (anl.gov)
  • However, the interest in this avenue of carbon storage has much reduced since about 2001 because of concerns about the unknown impacts on marine life, high costs and concerns about its stability or permanence. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work supports our research into understanding forest carbon balances and the effects of woodland management. (forestresearch.gov.uk)