• While the person was in- Ebola virus. (cdc.gov)
  • We present a potential exposure to Ebola virus that tamination of the site also reduced potential for infection. (cdc.gov)
  • 2) there was inter- before with a mouse-adapted variant of the Zaire species est in ensuring all infection control procedures were being of Ebola virus (ZEBOV) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018-2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • protective cytotoxic t-cell responses induced by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing ebola virus proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • filovirus vaccine research efforts still need to determine the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in protection from ebola virus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • laboratory diagnosis of ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the status of current laboratory diagnostics for ebola and marburg virus infections is discussed in terms of the assays available and their interpretation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • ebola virus circulation in africa: a balance between clinical expression and epidemiological silence. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • nearly thirty years after the first epidemics, ebola virus (ebov) remains hardly described, its transmission unclear and its reservoir elusive. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • soon after the ebola fever outbreak and virus discovery in 1976 and in order to investigate the distribution of ebov in central africa, several countries including a range of ecological zones were investigated in the early 1980s, using extensive survey: central african republic (car), cameroon, chad, congo, gabon and equatorial guinea. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Contrasting the Practices of Virus Isolation and Characterization between the Early Period in History and Modern Times: The Case of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Insects like mosquitos and ticks, of course, host and transmit many kinds of viral infections, including yellow fever, dengue, and encephalitis. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • In the natural infection, DV is introduced into human skin by an infected mosquito vector where it is believed to target immature dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The term 'cytokine storm' entered the popular lexicon with previous influenza virus pandemics but has become even more mainstream because of the severe inflammation that can accompany SARS-CoV-2 infection 1 . (nature.com)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. (mdpi.com)
  • Chikungunya is an arbo virus infection transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, a small, innocuous insect with an attractive striped body. (findmeacure.com)
  • There is a reservoir of infection as the virus survives in warm blooded vertebrates like monkeys, rodents and birds. (findmeacure.com)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • Measles virus induces persistent infection by autoregulation of viral replication. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Yellow fever virus (YFV) infection is a major public concern that threatens a large population in South America and Africa. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • In their paper published, the research team reports finding that dendritic cells of elite controllers are better able to detect the presence of HIV paradoxically through a greater susceptibility to HIV infection which enables them to stimulate the generation of T cells specifically targeting the virus. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Part of the innate immune system that is the body s first line defense against infection, dendritic cells sense the presence of pathogens in the blood or other tissues, ingest infecting organisms, and then display fragments of the invaders on their surface, which alerts and activates both killer and helper T cells (CD4 and CD8 cells), essentially teaching them to target the specific pathogen. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • daily laboratory studies (coagulation patients (3, 6, 7, and 18) would likely not be admitted to- studies, blood counts, chemistries, viral isolation, D-dimer) day: 2 involved dengue virus (now a BSL-2 pathogen) and and regular physician assessments were performed. (cdc.gov)
  • A pathogen that is composed of nucleic acid within a protein shell but can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • METHODS: We searched on-line databases for predictive risk mapping studies for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever with no geographical or date restrictions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome (HFRS) occurs mainly in Europe and Asia and is characterized by fever and renal failure associated with hemorrhagic manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome is caused by an airborne contact with secretions from rodent hosts infected with the group of viruses belonging to the genus Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae . (medscape.com)
  • Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome was initially recognized between 1913 and 1930 by Soviet scientists, who described sporadic outbreaks of fever with renal failure in the eastern Soviet Union. (medscape.com)
  • Antibody specific to the viral antigen can be detected close to the onset of hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • T-cell activation occurs very early in the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome and is associated with an absolute increase in the number of neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, and CD8+ (suppressor) T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Activation of both classic and alternative complement pathways also occurs in hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Some investigators have suggested that hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome is primarily an allergic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The viruses of the genus Hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae) cause different forms of hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease that, while preventable through vaccination, lacks rapid intervention options for those already infected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • High fever and joint pain can appear acutely in other infections like dengue, malaria or filaria. (findmeacure.com)
  • Persistent and transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in children born to HBV-infected mothers despite active and passive vaccination. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • AAVs are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses used in gene therapy to insert copies of missing genes into host cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • we reviewed published reports on 254-nm uv inactivation and tabulated the sensitivities of a wide variety of viruses, including those with double-stranded dna, single-stranded dna, double-stranded rna, or single-stranded rna genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • In 1993 in the southwestern United States, an outbreak of respiratory illness occurred during the spring and was caused by a virus belonging to the genus Hantavirus called Sin Nombre virus. (medscape.com)
  • The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses play an important role as vectors for inserting genetic information into other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene therapy consists in introducing the correct version of the gene into the damaged cells by means of vehicles or vectors, generally viruses which have been modified in the laboratory to eliminate their capacity to cause disease but maintain their ability to penetrate the cells. (blogspot.com)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • There are proposals to remove the virulent genes from viruses to create vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses, as experts know them now, consist of little more than strings of their own genetic information (DNA or RNA) housed in a protein shell. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • When viruses replicate in giant numbers, as they do, they also may undergo fundamental changes, notably in their DNA genetic code. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • They appear in the genetic double-helix in patterns, captured in scientific terms by letter chains like A-T-C-G. Scientists have learned to map or sequence these, giving them i mportant new ways to detect and protect against viruses . (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Massachusetts Eye and Ear (MEE), a hospital associated with Harvard University, has participated in the development process of her innovative therapeutic strategy by contributing an advanced viral capsid (Anc80), the coating of the genetic material of the modified virus. (blogspot.com)
  • When HIV infects a cell it first injects its genetic material RNA in this case into the cell along with the reverse transcriptase enzyme that transcribes the single-strand RNA molecule into a double-stranded DNA molecule. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have shown that dendritic cells, which play a critical role in generating virus-specific T cells, have an improved ability to recognize HIV and build effective immune responses in elite controllers. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Because of this critical role of dendritic cells, the investigators explored the hypothesis that dendritic cells of elite controllers were better able to sense HIV and as a result to generate virus-specific T-cell responses. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The key puzzle is that some of the virally infected people can recover without any specific treatment while others persisted with the viral agent. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • This could be a reason to explain why some of the virally infected individuals cannot clear the viral agent out of their body perfectively and become the source of the viral carriers. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • However, we observed that endocytosis-defective DC-SIGN molecules allow efficient DV replication, indicating that DC-SIGN endocytosis is dispensable for the internalization step in DV entry. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • There is an urgent need for passive immunization techniques using YF-virus-like particles (YF-VLPs). (bvsalud.org)
  • These particles are so minuscule that 100 million of them might fit on the head of pin - and that tiny mess itself could be contagious enough to infect and sicken 1,000 of us . (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)
  • After HIV DNA enters the nucleus of an infected cell, it becomes integrated into the cellular DNA, turning it into an HIV factory that generates more virus particles. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The largest virus is smaller than the tiniest bacteria, so tiny they cannot even be seen with a regular light microscope. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • And unlike bacteria, viruses, as far as we know, are never good for you. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Major drawbacks of this therapy are that RBV is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to RBV. (mdpi.com)
  • Sometimes mutations can allow viruses to make a dramatic leap from one species to another, particularly if they are close by and have close contact with the original host. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • Handlers of macaques may be infected by bites or exposure to animal blood or body fluids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • the goal of this study was to estimate inactivation of viruses by solar exposure. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Dengue is a major public health concern, affecting almost 400 million people worldwide, with about 70% of the global burden of disease in Asia. (frontiersin.org)
  • When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • A virus with reduced pathogenicity as a result of treatment or repeated passage through hosts. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are important components of the immune response that provide mechanisms for clearance of infected host cells, immune complexes, or opsonized pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)