• However, recent evidence suggests that a 4-fold higher titer by PRNT might not discriminate between anti-Zika virus antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies in all persons who have been previously infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Title : Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases (U.S.) Published Date : June 2008 Source : Viral immunology. (cdc.gov)
  • Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. (edu.pe)
  • 26. Mohammed H, Tomashek KM, Stramer SL, Hunsperger E. Prevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies among American Red Cross blood donors in Puerto Rico, 2006. (rjppd.org)
  • These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. (bvsalud.org)
  • About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • In ADE, antibodies from a first dengue infection fail to neutralize a second dengue virus of a different serotype during re-infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The primary response of our immune system to an infection is to produce specific antibodies that can neutralize the invading pathogen. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • When a person is infected with the dengue virus for the first time, the immune system responds by producing antibodies specific to that serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • These antibodies will neutralize the virus and aid in its clearance, thus resolving the infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The antibodies from the first infection can't neutralize the new serotype effectively. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • For instance, infants born to dengue-immune mothers are at a higher risk of severe disease due to the presence of maternal antibodies, which can enhance viral infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • B cells manufacture antibodies which are exquisitely tailored protein tools critical to controlling infection. (uvm.edu)
  • Alternatively, activated B cells can develop into memory B cells that persist long after infection to provide an institutional memory of those manufactured antibodies to facilitate their rapid remanufacture (or improvement) to protect against a subsequent pathogen encounter. (uvm.edu)
  • Further work is aimed at identifying novel monoclonal antibodies and T cell responses to the virus. (uvm.edu)
  • 3) Defining B cell memory to Dengue and Zika and developing potent neutralizing antibodies (CDC and NIH, Collaboration with A. De Silva, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). (uvm.edu)
  • These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
  • Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • It has therefore been assumed that persons with DENV neutralizing antibodies are protected against infection. (blogspot.com)
  • There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
  • Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
  • 11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • 38 Neutralisation tests or an epitope-blocking ELISA can help identify MVEV-specific antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combined approach of screening vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies followed by testing the local tick population for TBEV allowed us to detect two new TBEV foci in the canton of Valais. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When we tested neutralizing antibodies to one virus against the other, we found a low protective response to both. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Although the mice initially infected with Chikungunya had low levels of neutralizing antibodies in their bloodstream, these levels rose rapidly after secondary infection with Mayaro, inducing cross-protection against the latter. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The researchers analyzed neutralization by antibodies but also identified other factors in the mice's immune system that could influence this cross-protection. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The levels of antibodies produced after each infection were measured. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Production of memory cells [ B and T lymphocytes ] takes time, but the mice first infected with Chikungunya already had them, so during secondary infection by Mayaro the immune response was faster, including a rise in levels of neutralizing antibodies,' Fumagalli explained. (azolifesciences.com)
  • This experiment served to demonstrate that antibodies produced in response to infection by Chikungunya also led to cross-protection against Mayaro. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
  • Has a positive test result at the Screening Visit for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, or HIV type 1 or 2 antibodies. (who.int)
  • The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • It appears Zika's route - from Africa and Asia to Oceania and then the Americas - may mirror that of chikungunya and dengue, both of which are now endemic in a large portion of the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a variant presentation of dengue infection that occurs primarily in children 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Notably, the cross-reactions could also reflect co-infections as these viruses are also endemic in the country. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
  • A new study from the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine shows that, depending on the interpretation criteria, serological tests can distinguish recent Zika infections in areas where dengue is endemic. (tulane.edu)
  • The paper suggests that for population-based epidemiological cohort studies in dengue endemic regions, researchers should consider reporting using both CDC and WHO criteria until further investigation yields a revised criteria. (tulane.edu)
  • The updated guidance also specifies that plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) confirmation is currently not routinely recommended in Puerto Rico, where dengue is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • The human encephalitis cases might have been attributed to a flare-up of an endemic arbovirus ( a virus transmitted by a tick or mosquito bite ) such as St. Louis encephalitis , but the concurrent bird and mammal deaths suggested the human illnesses warranted further investigation. (johansen.se)
  • The mosquito-borne flaviviruses dengue and zika cause endemic or pandemic disease and long-term sequelae across over 40% of the world's population and there are no broadly licensed vaccines for either. (uvm.edu)
  • Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • The disease is endemic in at least 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics with 50 - 100 million infections and 22,000 deaths yearly, causing it to be the leading cause of illness and death in these regions (Waggoner et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • 10) Adding to the concern of indigenous dengue transmission is the recent establishment in the United States of another known dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, which was probably imported in shipments of tires from Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus disease is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus is spread mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is commonly found throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
  • Infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with infectious West Nile virus-antibody complexes. (unicamp.br)
  • Aedes aegypti fed through chick skin membranes on West Nile virus-homologous antiserum mixtures shown by an anti-globulin neutralization test to be highly infectious complexes (in terms of plaque formation in tissue culture) failed to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Aedes mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus, plays a crucial role in transmitting the dengue virus, which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. (mvcac.org)
  • 125 countries includ- female mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Serum samples that tested positive ing Pakistan ( 2 , 3 ). (who.int)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
  • Cultured Aedes albopictus cells (clone C6/36), persistently infected (PI) with dengue virus type 1 (dengue-1) were found resistant to superinfection with dengue virus type 3 (dengue-3). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Semliki Forest virus replication in cultured Aedes albopictus cells: studies on the establishment of persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characteristics of Aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with dengue virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dual infections of Aedes aegypti with arboviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using both molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
  • For persons with suspected Zika virus disease, a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) result confirms Zika virus infection, but a negative result does not exclude infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of a recent Zika virus infection or flavivirus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and reported to the appropriate Zika virus pregnancy registry. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and be reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry or the Puerto Rico Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System for clinical follow-up ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although, the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil were diagnosed in a returning traveller in March 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
  • In 2016, a total of 1,297 pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection were reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry from 44 states. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately one in 10 pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection resulted in a fetus or infant with Zika virus-associated birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • Only 25% of infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection reported receiving postnatal neuroimaging. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification and follow-up care of infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate intervention services are available to affected infants. (cdc.gov)
  • In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants. (cdc.gov)
  • This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. (cdc.gov)
  • it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • Women aged 40-79 years with suspected cases were more likely to test positive for Zika virus infection than those in males in the same age group. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (rjppd.org)
  • Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Zika Virus Infection in the Nervous System. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer, 442-448. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. (rjppd.org)
  • Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • On November 28, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported the state's first case of local mosquito-borne Zika virus infection in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika: Improved diagnostics for Zika virus infection in South America through an established laboratory partnership between Brazil, Colombia and the UK. (ukri.org)
  • As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • If immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results are positive, equivocal, or inconclusive, performing a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is needed to confirm the diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, a more conservative approach to interpreting PRNT results is now recommended to reduce the possibility of missing the diagnosis of either Zika or dengue virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is specific and sensitive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The PRNT requires live dengue viruses for the test and is labor-intensive and expensive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) in Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections: How Alterations in Assay Conditions Impact Performance. (kmptm.pl)
  • The study offers evidence that plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT), the historical gold standard for serological diagnosis of a viral infection, can differentiate between Zika and dengue infections if the appropriate interpretation criteria are used, according to Matthew Ward, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Tropical Medicine and first author on the paper. (tulane.edu)
  • Test [PRNT] and Non-structural protein 1 [NS1] ELISA) and assess the time-frame postinfection that portable NAAT provide accurate diagnosis. (ukri.org)
  • a) ZIKV PRNT (most specific serological test for ZIKV). (ukri.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), on 13 August 2021, five Yellow fever cases tested positive by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) at Intitut Pasteur in Dakar. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Two other cases had cross-reactions with other flaviviruses, one of which was more consistent with dengue and one with a flavivirus infection (PRNT positive for Yellow fever, Zika, and dengue). (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • This is important because the results of Zika and dengue virus testing will guide clinical management. (cdc.gov)
  • The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call: Update on Interim Zika Virus Clinical Guidance and Recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • 2004 . Clinical diagnosis and assessment of severity of confirmed dengue infections in Vietnamese children: is the world health organization classification system helpful? (ajtmh.org)
  • Patients with World Health Organization-defined clinical criteria plus thrombocytopenia ( ≤ 100,000/mcL [≤ 100 x 10 9 /L]) or hemoconcentration (Hct increased by ≥ 20%) are presumed to have the disease (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Dengue Virus: Clinical Guidance ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • DHF is marked by the unique clinical features that differentiate it from common dengue fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • When the CNS is affected, clinical syndromes include aseptic meningitis, myelitis and encephalitis, which are clinically indistinguishable from similar syndromes caused by other viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue virus infection has emerged as marker in clinical practice ( 11 ). (who.int)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our work on dengue and zika immunology draws on an extensive bank of human vaccine clinical trial specimens and natural infection studies in partnership with the Vaccine Testing Center and other collaborators. (uvm.edu)
  • A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
  • In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
  • Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • 1,2 Dengue presentation is broad and non-specific, which may confound clinical diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
  • Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • Has clinical laboratory test results (hematology, serum chemistry, or coagulation) with a toxicity score of Grade = 1 at Screening. (who.int)
  • However, results of Zika virus antibody testing can be difficult to interpret because of cross-reactivity with related flaviviruses, which can preclude identification of the specific infecting virus, especially when the person previously was infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Among flaviviruses, Zika and dengue virus share similar symptoms of infection, transmission cycles, and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers tested 36 women attending a prenatal clinic in Honduras for the two flaviviruses. (tulane.edu)
  • However, they exhibit reduced specificity through cross-reactivity against other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue, circulating in South America. (ukri.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Reported autochthonous dengue fever transmission in tochthonous dengue fever transmission on the US side of the United States has been limited to 5 south Texas bor- the Texas-Mexico border have been rare--only 64 cases der counties since 1980. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue fever is the most prevalent mosquitoborne viral of dengue and to identify the most important risk factors disease in the world, causing an estimated 50 million for regional transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the genus Flavivirus and is closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • When symptoms are present, the most common signs and symptoms of Zika virus disease include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the symptoms resembled dengue fever, testing ruled out this and several other potential causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this COCA Call, emergency providers learned critical information about Zika, such as how to identify people at risk for infection either through recent travel or through sex with someone infected with Zika, examine the importance of screening protocols, and understand likely symptoms, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has also been called Philippine, Thai, or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever, frequently requires prior infection with the dengue virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever often begins with abrupt fever and headache and is initially indistinguishable from classic dengue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • West Nile virus--17D yellow fever or dengue--2 antiserum mixtures did not produce significantly reduced infection rates in Ae. (unicamp.br)
  • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute and potentially lethal complication of dengue fever, a tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • It causes high fever and the typical flu-like symptoms seen in dengue and leads to severe bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and low platelet count. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • What Causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The primary cause of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is infection by one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4). (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • West Nile virus is an RNA virus, a close cousin of Dengue , Yellow fever , St. Louis encephalitis and Zika virus , to name a few. (johansen.se)
  • Included within the series are papers on orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides, lesser known viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Cache Valley, Everglades, Jamestown Canyon, and LaCrosse, and recently discovered viruses transmitted by ticks including Bourbon, Heartland, Colorado tick fever, and Powassan. (mvcac.org)
  • 50-100 million cases of dengue fever brate hosts of dengue virus in nature cessed by multiplex polymerase chain and 500 000 of dengue haemorrhagic are humans and several species of Asian reaction (PCR) in which the presence fever (DHF) reported annually ( 4 ). (who.int)
  • in all cases infection appeared relatively mild, self- sus monkey during a yellow fever study in the Zika forest limiting, and nonlethal ( 6 , 8 - 10 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infection may be asymptomatic, or it may present with symptoms ranging from a moderate fever to a disabling high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rashes. (paho.org)
  • Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever - Do we know its cause? (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
  • Based on differential tests returned on 6 September 2021, the results of three cases are consistent with a recent Yellow fever infection. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • About 15% of people infected with yellow fever virus will develop severe illness that can lead to liver disease, bleeding, shock, organ failure, yellowing skin (jaundice), and sometimes death. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Yellow fever virus spreads through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluorescence Reduction Neutralisation Test (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). (pasteur.fr)
  • 33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
  • The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. (curehunter.com)
  • 20 Adverse reactions include local tenderness, and, infrequently, fever, "most= often [affecting] people who have had no exposure to the influenza virus antigens in the vaccine (e.g. small children). (faqs.org)
  • Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of patients with Zika virus infections are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior to the outbreak, Zika was considered a mild infection, as most infections are asymptomatic, making it difficult to determine precise estimates of the number of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coxsackievirus B is an RNA Enterovirus, which usually causes an asymptomatic or brief upper respiratory tract or gastroenteric infection. (medscape.com)
  • Most infections are asymptomatic, and symptomatic disease generally is mild. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons who are infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • Most people infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • Arboviral infections may be asymptomatic or may result in febrile illnesses of variable severity sometimes associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority (~75%) of infections in humans are asymptomatic, but a small proportion of symptomatic patients develops severe dengue characterized by rapid progression into shock, severe bleeding and/or multiorgan impairment, which leads to death if unattended or mismanaged. (who.int)
  • If a child develops encephalitis during the weeks to months following CD-JEV vaccination and anti-JE virus IgM (JE IgM) antibody is detected in serum, the question arises if this is JE virus infection indicating vaccine failure, or persistent JE IgM antibody postvaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum samples were tested for JEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) using the InBios JE DetectTM assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Titers in acute and convalescent phase serum samples can reliably establish dengue virus infection and may indicate the specific dengue virus type involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Control mosquitoes fed on West Nile virus--normal rabbit serum mixtures containing similar or smaller amounts of infectious virus were shown to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • Mosquitoes ingesting suspensions of West Nile virus previously incubated with Murray Valley encephalitis or Ntaya antiserum became infected at significantly lower rates (P = less than 0-05) than controls ingesting West Nile virus-normal rabbit serum mixtures. (unicamp.br)
  • 2015 we analysed the serum samples of 140 patients with a suspicion of dengue, using ELISA and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
  • Other tests can be used such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization tests, electron microscopy, and virus isolation by cell culture. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
  • A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
  • 28 Indeed, by the time neurological symptoms develop, PCR testing of serum or CSF often returns a negative result. (mja.com.au)
  • In 1917, a 12-year-old with features suggestive of MVEV infection recovered after receiving immune serum. (mja.com.au)
  • Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) conducted retrospective testing for DENV in samples collected from 21 mosquito pools located within 5 miles (8 km) of patient A's residence during October 1-November 3. (medscape.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
  • and 4) advised providers to test for and report suspected DENV to MCDPH. (medscape.com)
  • CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
  • mosquitoes collected in a professional BG-Sentinel mosquito trap § tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. (medscape.com)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
  • 4) Transcriptional profiling of DENV virus infection (Joint College of Medicine/Engineering Biomedical Engineering grant with Donna Rizzo and John Hanley from UVM and Sam Scarpino from Northeastern). (uvm.edu)
  • Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
  • Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Recent work suggests that primary monocytes and macrophages may not respond in exactly the same fashion to infection by DENV immune complexes ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • however, a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. (mdpi.com)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • His goal is to develop novel immune metrics and specific antibody tools that can be used to advance vaccine development and to understand host-pathogen interactions during viral infection or vaccination. (uvm.edu)
  • This knowledge is critical to developing better vaccines and to develop better laboratory tests to determine whether vaccine candidates engage the immune system in a way that is likely to lead to protection. (uvm.edu)
  • More recently we seek to understand how norovirus, a family of viruses for which there is no vaccine and causes significant gastrointestinal illness (vomiting and diarrhea) and hospitalization can skew the infant antibody response towards those that may not offer protection. (uvm.edu)
  • 1) Defining cellular immunogenicity for dengue vaccine formulations (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH). (uvm.edu)
  • Dengue vaccine development has spanned many decades. (blogspot.com)
  • When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
  • The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • There is an urgent need for better diagnostic and analytical methods for vaccine research and infection control in virology. (pasteur.fr)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of particular interest to parents is a study published in Arch Pediatr Adolesc= Medicine, Oct 1995, 149:1113, in which children at high risk for otitis media (ear infections) showed 32% fewer cases during t= he flu season when they received the flu vaccine. (faqs.org)
  • 20 Note that influenza vaccine protects against influenza only, and not agains= t other respiratory infections. (faqs.org)
  • Has received or is scheduled to receive a live virus vaccine administered within the period from 28 days before, or through 28 days after, any dose of study vaccine. (who.int)
  • On 21 March 2023, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the United Republic of Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Prior sexually transmitted infections and HIV in mpox patients, Chicago, Illinois-(June 2022-March 2023. (amedeo.com)
  • 100. Mosquito larvae were pres- that dengue is substantially underreported on both sides of ent in 30% of households in both cities. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers generally believe the virus was brought to Brazil by an infected traveler who had been exposed to the virus in French Polynesia, who was then bitten by a mosquito that then infected others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These imported cases might result in local human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus in limited areas of the continental United States that have the appropriate mosquito vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. (rjppd.org)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional cases of mosquito-borne Zika have been identified in the area, suggesting that there is a risk of continued spread of Zika virus in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
  • To sum up, the cause of DHF is multi-factorial, involving not only the dengue virus and its serotypes but also the human immune response, the vector mosquito species, and various ecological factors. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Humans are considered dead-end hosts, meaning that even if a mosquito feeds on an infected individual, that mosquito cannot transmit the virus to another individual as can happen with the dengue virus . (johansen.se)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. (asme.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Dengue is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. (paho.org)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
  • Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
  • A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)
  • 1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
  • 9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • French researchers speculated the virus arrived shortly afterwards, in August 2014, when canoeing teams from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Easter Island, and the Cook Islands, which had been or were experiencing Zika outbreaks, attended the Va'a World Sprint Championships in Rio de Janeiro. (wikipedia.org)
  • In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Has the threat of Zika virus outbreaks come to an end? (rjppd.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and vector control and vaccination are the only effective methods to prevent future outbreaks. (who.int)
  • In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
  • In 2013, outbreaks resulted in 44 098 dengue cases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 39 222 cases in Malaysia, 10 548 cases in New Caledonia and 22 170 cases in Singapore. (who.int)
  • Combined with the dengue virus RNA amplification test, it can provide a diagnosis within the first 1 to 7 days of illness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CONCLUSION: The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The recognition of these new transmission routes has made the development of rapid and accurate serological diagnosis of WNV infection a public health priority. (utmb.edu)
  • Diagnosis is based on symptoms, laboratory testing, and travel history. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Reports a diagnosis of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (including HIV infection), or autoimmune disease. (who.int)
  • If serologic testing indicates recent flavivirus infection that could be caused by either Zika or dengue virus, patients should be clinically managed for both infections because they might have been infected with either virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Although serologic evidence indicated additional human exposure during subsequent decades in parts of Africa and Asia, before the 2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak, only 14 cases of human Zika virus disease had been documented. (wikipedia.org)
  • netic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with In 1977, ZIKV infection was confi rmed among 7 pa- this epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • We determined the frequency of different serotypes of dengue virus to highlight its hyperendemicity in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (who.int)
  • People infected with Zika can transmit the virus to their sexual partners. (wikipedia.org)
  • From 1981 through 1986, 796 386 cases of DHF and 9774 deaths caused by dengue were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from countries in Southeast Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this programme was to assess dengue diagnostic proficiency among national-level public health laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Other documented modes of Zika virus transmission include intrauterine and perinatal transmission, sexual transmission and laboratory exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
  • While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
  • Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance. (kmptm.pl)
  • Haiti's Ministry of Public Health and Population has established sentinel Zika surveillance and laboratory testing and has implemented a public health response to Zika. (cdc.gov)
  • Tests, protocols and training will be available to local laboratory networks for patient use and to support further diagnostic studies. (ukri.org)
  • Besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, five new modes of WNV transmission to humans have been reported: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, transplacental transmission, breastfeeding and laboratory-acquired infection. (utmb.edu)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cases were later confirmed as Marburg virus infection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Samples from both deceased and live cases were taken and confirmed for Marburg virus by the National Public Health Laboratory. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue surveillance and control. (who.int)
  • Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)
  • 14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus, and can cause microcephaly and other severe brain anomalies in the infant. (wikipedia.org)
  • In rare cases, other severe sequelae of coxsackievirus B infection develop, including meningitis and carditis. (medscape.com)
  • Instead, they aid the virus entering host cells, enhancing its reproduction ability and leading to severe disease. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • This leads to increased viral replication, a higher viral load, and a much more severe disease, resulting in DHF or even more severe dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Older people are usually at high risk for severe infection due to underlying health conditions. (johansen.se)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
  • The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
  • Infections with 2 different DENVs can protect against severe disease during subsequent infections ( 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • There is currently a project in place to conduct tests on favipiravir, a new drug for severe influenza in Japan which, however, causes cancer in mice. (dzif.de)
  • These mosquitoes are highly adaptive to the human environment, coupled with increasing urbanization and inadequate vector control, which has led to a surge in dengue transmission in urban and semi-urban settings. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • When humans infected in the forest enter urban environments, arbovirus infections can rapidly spread amongst people transmitted by highly anthrophilic, urban mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. (rjppd.org)
  • Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.Lancet. (kmptm.pl)
  • Accurate diagnostics for Zika virus (ZIKV) underpins all public health responses and epidemiology studies of the outbreak. (ukri.org)
  • This paper is the introduction to Special Collection of 10 papers on the epidemiology and ecology of emerging and lesser-known viruses of public and veterinary importance within the United States. (mvcac.org)
  • Epidemiology and Infection. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • As indicated by nAb, acute ZIKV infection was detected in 1.7% of IgM-positive patients while past infections occurred in 8.5% of IgM-negatives in the three states. (bvsalud.org)
  • To demonstrate seroconversion, both acute and convalescent samples must be tested in parallel. (canada.ca)
  • We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
  • In these cases, immunoglobulin (Ig) M and neutralizing antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
  • This was determined by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cultures using monoclonal antibody against a dengue-3 type-specific antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dengue-1 PI cultures stained with this antibody 3 days after superinfection with dengue-3 virus (m.o.i. of 2) had dengue-3 antigen in 0.1 to 1.0% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Control cultures infected with dengue-3 at the same multiplicity contained dengue-3 antigen in greater than 90% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A small population of cells was also found (about 1%) that contained type-specific antigen of both dengue virus types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some functions, such as neutralization, mainly depend on interaction of the Fv domain ( Figure 1A ) with antigen and are therefore predominantly Fc domain independent. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. (rjppd.org)
  • The atypical symptoms of malaria and ZIKV infections at the initial phase could leverage their misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three different multiplicities of infection of ZIKV were used to develop and compare this novel method to the standard confluent cell monolayer method. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings suggested that both the viral load and replication of ZIKV were comparable between both monolayer- and suspension-infection methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, ZIKV is cleared rapidly during recovery (often within 1 week), limiting the time post-infection NAAT can usefully be used. (ukri.org)
  • Tests and training will strengthen diagnostic services, and improve management of suspected ZIKV patients. (ukri.org)
  • Several ZIKV human recent fl avivirus infection in several patients. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • The incidence of coxsackievirus B infection in neonates is 1 in 2000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • Incidence of dengue has increased many fold in the past 50 years and has expanded to areas that were previously free from the disease. (who.int)
  • Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)
  • In the fi rst stage, 50 census tracts and and secondary infections and an indirect IgG ELISA for 50 basic geostatistical areas, the Mexican equivalent of the past dengue infection (Panbio). (cdc.gov)
  • The sampling frame was based on year 2000 census mens to test on the ELISA kits (Panbio) before testing the data for both the United States and Mexico ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Sera that had been collected previously by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from residents were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for DEN virus IgG antibody. (edu.pe)
  • Currently available diagnostics: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and antibody ELISA, have critical problems [1]. (ukri.org)
  • Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
  • Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
  • Only Canada and continental Chile are free from dengue and its vector. (paho.org)
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
  • 13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • Risk factors sive surveillance that contrast with the epidemiologic den- that predicted past dengue infection were presence of larval gue situation on the ground. (cdc.gov)
  • Of primary concern is the risk of dengue transmission within the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are today at risk of dengue. (paho.org)
  • Public health agencies from both infections and 25,000 deaths annually, with at least 2.5 bil- countries at the local, state, and national levels collaborated lion persons at risk for transmission ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally there have been reports of Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus in breast milk and sexual transmission of Zika virus will be discussed later in the presentation. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas was reported in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, infections have been reported among travelers visiting or returning to the United States, and these likely will increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Until more is known, pregnant women should consider postponing travel to any area with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, Zika virus infections have been reported in returning travelers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is a theoretical concern that transmission could occur through organ or tissue transplantation, and although Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Other less common modes of transmission include maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, transfusion-associated infection or theoretically transplant-associated infection. (phila.gov)
  • Standard Precautions should be used to protect healthcare personnel from all infectious disease transmission, including Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • These results strongly suggested that recent DEN virus transmission did not occur in the village and that most infections of residents of this rural village were acquired while visiting the city of Iquitos. (edu.pe)
  • This update also expands guidance to women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, and includes recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant women and recommendations for counseling women of reproductive age (15-44 years). (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once an individual is infected with the virus, it can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact with the blood, secretions or other body fluids of infected or deceased people. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • So, I'm going to begin by asking a series of questions that are general about the virus, its transmission and the risks, and then we'll open up the floor to your questions. (amnh.org)
  • CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, but Zika virus transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • 4 , 5 MVEV also infects a wide range of native and non-native animals, 6 but the role of these species in maintenance and transmission of the virus is unclear. (mja.com.au)
  • Larval ticks acquire the virus after feeding on an infected rodent, but this mode of transmission is relatively inefficient because the duration of infectivity to ticks is short (2-3 days) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, in May 2015, researchers from the Federal University of Bahia and the Evandro Chagas Institute determined, using the RT-PCR technique, that the illness was an outbreak of Zika virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 4 fold rise or greater in neutralizing antibody titre, is required to document a 'confirmed case' of infection with associated illness. (canada.ca)
  • Although dengue is primarily a health problem of tropical areas, it is of potential concern to health care providers in the continental United States for two reasons. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Diehl's work in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics encompasses translational and basic research aimed at understanding the human immune response to viral infections, primarily to dengue virus, zika virus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. (uvm.edu)
  • In the de- lipas, Mexico (n = 600), in 2004 to assess dengue sero- bate over the potential for expansion of dengue and malaria prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue-like epidemics occurred in Egypt and on Java in 1779, but these may actually have been caused by chikungunya virus. (cdc.gov)
  • All patients with clinically suspected dengue should receive appropriate management to reduce the risk for hemorrhagic medical complications. (cdc.gov)
  • 17) Hemorrhagic manifestations, including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, were described during dengue epidemics in Texas and Louisiana in 1922. (cdc.gov)
  • So, in addition to studying viruses that cause diseases that you would recognize as being due to infection like pneumonia or hemorrhagic fevers or diarrhea or skin infections that you can readily see, we also study the role of viruses in autism and cancer and diabetes, a whole range of interesting conditions that you wouldn't think of as necessarily being due to infection. (amnh.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the first Brazilian infections have strongly indicated that the circulating virus is the Asian, rather than African, strain of the virus, and was genetically similar to the virus found in the outbreak in French Polynesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the outbreak in French Polynesia is known to have peaked and declined precipitously by February 2014, lending doubt to the suggestion the virus arrived later that year in Brazil with spectators and competitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • A collection of the most up-to-date and cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This is the first Marburg virus disease outbreak reported in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • So, tonight we're thrilled to have three scientists joining us this evening to talk about the latest news on the Zika virus outbreak and answer questions. (amnh.org)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Emergency drugs that can help in the event of an outbreak of emerging viruses are as important as emergency vaccines. (dzif.de)
  • and Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública and Matamoros to measure dengue prevalence in the re- de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico gion. (cdc.gov)
  • In the tropical and subtropical climate areas, the prevalence of the enteroviral infections is year-round. (medscape.com)
  • The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination. (utmb.edu)
  • The behavior of Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Curlex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It is estimated that 1.5 million people were infected by Zika virus in Brazil, with over 3,500 cases of infant microcephaly reported between October 2015 and January 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific event that brought the virus to Brazil was uncertain until March 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 2016, a study published in Science, which developed a "molecular clock" based on the count of virus mutations in a relatively small sample, suggested Zika virus arrived in the Americas (most likely in Brazil) from French Polynesia between May and December 2013, well before the World Cup and Va'a Championships. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • 2016 . Dengue infection . (ajtmh.org)
  • PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)
  • The CDC method was only able to categorize a recent nonspecific flavivirus infection in most cases. (tulane.edu)
  • [ 6 ] The estimated number of nonpolio enteroviral symptomatic infections is 5-10 million per year. (medscape.com)
  • Philadelphia-area healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize commercial laboratories when ordering Zika virus testing for exposed, symptomatic persons with health insurance. (phila.gov)
  • I built tools to study this virus and contributed to a diagnostic test during the first year of my M.Sc. (wrfseattle.org)
  • Further comprehensive diagnostic testing for dengue virus and other priority pathogens in the Region will be assessed during future rounds. (who.int)
  • Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. (pasteur.fr)
  • 20 , 29 - 32 The use of PCR in conjunction with serological tests can increase the sensitivity of WNV diagnostic tests to 94% compared with 45% for serological tests alone. (mja.com.au)
  • Serological tests remain the mainstay of confirmatory diagnostic testing. (mja.com.au)
  • Symptoms of Zika virus are generally mild and last for several days to a week. (cdc.gov)
  • The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)
  • My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
  • He is the John Snow professor and director of the Center for Infection and Immunity at Columbia University. (amnh.org)
  • A study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil suggests people previously infected by Chikungunya virus may develop partial immunity to Mayaro virus. (azolifesciences.com)
  • We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
  • Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod borne viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Co-infections with other arboviruses may impact adversely on the management of these diseases individually. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT Dengue is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus is transmitted to was approved by the Ethics Committee borne viral diseases worldwide ( 1 ). (who.int)
  • e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)
  • The proportion of fetuses and infants with Zika virus-associated birth defects was highest among those with first trimester Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The severity of the coxsackievirus B infection is highest in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • In infants who develop coxsackievirus B infection, 10% die, usually within the first 4 weeks of life most commonly from cardiac involvement. (medscape.com)
  • This work also directly led to the development of a new antibody (Nirsevimab) that can protect premature infants after one dose for an entire winter season against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (uvm.edu)
  • These guidelines include recommendations for the testing and management of these infants. (blogspot.com)