• Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
  • Because ZIKV and DENV are related flaviviruses, their homologous proteins and nucleic acids can cause cross-reactions and false positive results in molecular, antigenic and serologic diagnostics. (healthresearch.org)
  • Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Module A contained serum samples spiked with cultured dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for the detection of nucleic acid and DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. (who.int)
  • Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. (who.int)
  • suggested that there are 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically. (who.int)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 10) Adding to the concern of indigenous dengue transmission is the recent establishment in the United States of another known dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, which was probably imported in shipments of tires from Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya Disease Chikungunya disease is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 2 , 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (blogspot.com)
  • o An Aedes mosquito in the United States bites the infected person during the period of time when the virus can be found in the person's blood, typically only through the first week of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Data are CHIKV neutralization titers of serum. (cdc.gov)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations External (EUA) ( http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/EmergencySituations/ucm161496.htm External ) for several diagnostic assays to detect Zika virus infection (2). (cdc.gov)
  • The EUAs authorize real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays to detect Zika virus RNA in specified clinical sample types, and an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-Zika virus IgM antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. (cdc.gov)
  • However, extensive cross-reactivity can occur in flavivirus serological assays, and therefore additional tests, such as the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), are necessary to distinguish Zika virus infection from other flavivirus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Results from commonly used serologic assays are often confounded due to the cross reactivity among flaviviruses. (healthresearch.org)
  • Twenty-four national-level public health laboratories performed routine diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules. (who.int)
  • Female mosquitoes of the genus Culex prefer to consume the blood of passerine birds, making them the hosts of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • When these birds are infected, the virus amplifies, potentially infecting multiple mosquitoes that feed on its blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • These infected mosquitoes may go on to further transmit the virus to more birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) is defined as any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, mostly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with Zika virus and can spread it to people. (cdc.gov)
  • 1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
  • 9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1947, the Zika virus was first isolated from monkeys in the Zika Forest of Uganda but was not considered an important human pathogen until the first large-scale outbreaks in the South Pacific islands in 2007. (msdmanuals.com)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary host for Zika virus. (blogspot.com)
  • Before 2015, Zika virus disease (Zika) outbreaks occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks in the continental United States of chikungunya and dengue, which are spread by the same type of mosquito, have been relatively small and limited to a small area. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 Estimated to bear around 70% of the global burden, the Asia Pacific region (comprising the World Health Organization [WHO] South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions) is an area of high dengue activity with multiple and large outbreaks occurring yearly. (who.int)
  • In the Western Pacific Region in 2014 alone, there were outbreaks involving 1513 dengue cases in Solomon Islands, 2 45 171 cases in China and 108 698 cases in Malaysia. (who.int)
  • Prior to CDC, Dr. Ottendorfer's work experience included laboratory positions at the state public health reference laboratory at the Florida Department of Health for clinical laboratory testing and diagnosis of arboviral diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical decisions were compared between survey versions using chi-square tests and agreement between thresholds and clinical decisions were investigated using Kappa coefficients. (bvsalud.org)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • CDC recommendations for Zika virus testing of serum and other clinical specimens remain unchanged at this time. (cdc.gov)
  • Collect urine samples within 14 days post symptom onset along with patient-matched serum samples for those who match CDC Zika virus clinical and/or epidemiological testing criteria for Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical symptoms resemble dengue, and while chikungunya is a generally milder disease, debilitating sequelae such as persistent arthralgia have been reported in 36-64% of cases. (who.int)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • netic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with In 1977, ZIKV infection was confi rmed among 7 pa- this epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)
  • Our serologic assay overcomes these barriers by using an antibody-antigen sandwich formed on six Luminex beads with ZIKV envelope, ZIKV NS1, DENV1 NS1, DENV2 NS1, DENV3 NS1 and DENV4 NS1 conjugated to polyvalent IgG+IgA+IgM detector antibodies. (healthresearch.org)
  • 7,8 That may also be the case for Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that was detected in Asia in the 1960s but has recently emerged in the Pacific and the Americas. (who.int)
  • Zika virus disease is caused by infection with a flavivirus with broad geographic distribution and is most frequently transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus and one of the causes of flavivirus encephalitis in birds and occasionally in humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • Usutu virus (USUV), a neglected Old World flavivirus, causes annually reoccurring epizootics in the avian fauna and sporadic human infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • From October 12, 2015, until mid-September 2016, a total of 3,036 cases of suspected Zika virus infection were identified, including 22 suspected cases in pregnant women, 13 suspected cases of Zika virus-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome, and 29 suspected cases of Zika-associated congenital microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
  • Residents of and visitors to Haiti should follow recommended precautions to protect against Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection with the virus is associated with adverse fetal outcomes ( 1 ) and rare neurologic complications in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Because many persons with mild Zika virus disease are asymptomatic and might not seek care, it is difficult to estimate the actual incidence of Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • During October 12, 2015-September 10, 2016, the Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population [MSPP]) detected 3,036 suspected cases of Zika virus infection in the general population, 22 suspected cases of Zika virus disease among pregnant women, 13 suspected cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and 29 suspected cases of Zika-associated congenital microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
  • And today's presentation I'll be covering the new guidance for U.S laboratories testing for Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • In humans, symptoms of arbovirus infection generally occur 3-15 days after exposure to the virus and last three or four days. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incubation period - the time between when infection occurs and when symptoms appear - varies from virus to virus, but is usually limited between 2 and 15 days for arboviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmission between the vector and the host occurs when the vector feeds on the blood of the vertebrate, wherein the virus that has established an infection in the salivary glands of the vector comes into contact with the host's blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly (a serious birth defect), eye abnormalities, and a number of developmental impairments termed congenital Zika syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites, avoiding unprotected sex with a partner at risk of having Zika virus infection, and, for pregnant women and their partners, avoiding travel to areas with ongoing transmission. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A. albopictus is thought to be a secondary vector of epidemic Zika virus infection in the tropics, but whether it would do so in the more temperate climate of the United States is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 2016 and 2017, cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection were reported in Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida and Brownsville, Texas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • On May 13, 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued interim guidance ( https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6518e1.htm ) that recommends Zika virus rRT-PCR testing of urine collected less than 14 days after symptom onset, along with testing of patient-matched serum samples, for the diagnosis of suspected Zika virus infection (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection is also associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
  • A positive rRT-PCR result in either specimen confirms Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a negative rRT-PCR in a serum or urine sample collected at any time point after illness onset does not exclude Zika virus infection, and in these cases IgM antibody testing should be performed on serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Prognosis is good for most people, but is poor in those who develop severe symptoms, with up to a 20% mortality rate in this population depending on the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC now recommends that, for persons with suspected Zika virus disease, Zika virus rRT-PCR should be performed on both urine and serum specimens collected within 7 days after onset of symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus rRT-PCR also should be performed on urine specimens collected within 14 days after onset of symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • 14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
  • 19 (6.5%) were positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing. (cdc.gov)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • Improving reporting of cases of suspected Zika virus disease to public health authorities by health care workers in Haiti and by providers evaluating patients with recent travel to Haiti is important to ongoing surveillance initiatives. (cdc.gov)
  • Nineteen (0.6%) patients with suspected Zika virus disease, residing in Ouest (10 patients), Artibonite (six), and Centre (three) administrative departments,* have been confirmed by laboratory testing, including two among pregnant women and 17 in the general population. (cdc.gov)
  • MSPP's Directorate of Epidemiology, Laboratory, and Research (DELR) conducted active investigations and collected serum specimens from 19 patients with suspected Zika virus disease during October 2015-January 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • The CDC Trioplex rRT-PCR assay is authorized by FDA for Zika virus testing of urine and serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Perform Zika virus rRT-PCR testing on urine, in conjunction with testing of serum using the appropriate molecular or serologic assay, based on days post symptom onset. (cdc.gov)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
  • 7) Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported through- out the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, South and Central Pacific and the Caribbean. (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus was first identified in a monkey in Uganda in 1947 and has been found since then along the equator throughout Africa and Asia. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • These travelers have gotten the virus from mosquito bites and some non-travelers got Zika through sex with a traveler. (cdc.gov)
  • o We will maintain and improve our ability to identify and test for Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • o The infected mosquito lives long enough for the virus to multiply and for the mosquito to bite another person. (cdc.gov)
  • Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term arbovirus is a portmanteau word (arthropod-borne virus). (wikipedia.org)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • Arboviruses maintain themselves in nature by going through a cycle between a host, an organism that carries the virus, and a vector, an organism that carries and transmits the virus to other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • If viremia is not achieved in a vertebrate, the species can be called a "dead-end host", as the virus cannot be transmitted back to the vector. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example of this vector-host relationship can be observed in the transmission of the West Nile virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
  • Although Zika virus RNA is unlikely to be detected in serum after the first week of illness, recent data suggest that Zika virus RNA can persist in urine for at least two weeks post symptom onset (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Haiti's Ministry of Public Health and Population has established sentinel Zika surveillance and laboratory testing, and has implemented a public health response to Zika. (cdc.gov)
  • Although laboratory-confirmed Zika virus disease cases were detected in only three of Haiti's 10 departments (geographic administrative units), testing should continue throughout the country according to Haiti's guidelines. (cdc.gov)
  • Ongoing laboratory-enhanced surveillance to monitor Zika virus disease in Haiti is important to understanding the outbreak and ensuring effective response activities. (cdc.gov)
  • The National Laboratory † sent these 19 specimens to the Caribbean Public Health Agency ( 3 ) for Zika virus testing. (cdc.gov)
  • I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call Updated CDC Laboratory Testing Guidance. (cdc.gov)
  • Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information about Zika and laboratory testing. (cdc.gov)
  • and identify Zika virus laboratory testing algorithms and resources. (cdc.gov)
  • Definitive diagnosis is typically made in a laboratory by employing some combination of blood tests, particularly immunologic, serologic and/or virologic techniques such as ELISA, complement fixation, polymerase chain reaction, neutralization test, and hemagglutination-inhibition test. (wikipedia.org)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue and chikungunya surveillance and control. (who.int)
  • Zika virus disease rapidly spread to the rest of the region and the Caribbean ( 1 ), including Haiti. (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Women who are pregnant should not travel to areas with active Zika virus spread. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • CDC is not able to predict how much Zika virus would spread in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Although A. aegypti feeds almost exclusively on humans, A. albopictus feeds on humans as well as variety of other animals that are not susceptible to the virus and are not involved in transmission chains. (msdmanuals.com)
  • this population is not likely to qualify for access to confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) and therefore the virus could go undetected. (healthresearch.org)
  • Confirmatory PRNT is expensive, time-consuming (one-week turn-around), has low sample throughput, and uses live virus in the lab, which creates a biosafety risk. (healthresearch.org)
  • To conduct an external quality assessment (EQA) of dengue and chikungunya diagnostics among national-level public health laboratories in the Asia Pacific region following the first round of EQA for dengue diagnostics in 2013. (who.int)
  • Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)
  • Global dengue incidence has increased in recent decades, though the actual numbers of dengue cases are masked by underreporting. (who.int)
  • RDT, immunochromatography test for rapid detection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, but Zika virus transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Given this information, on May 13, 2016, CDC issued interim guidance on rRT-PCR testing for Zika virus RNA in urine (1). (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 , 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Because pediatricians might be caring for women who are pregnant or who might be thinking about becoming pregnant, we also wanted to be sure they were aware of the link between Zika virus during pregnancy and microcephaly, other serious problems of the brain, and other problems in pregnancy," Rasmussen says. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In addition, exposure to pyriproxyfen would not explain recent study results showing the presence of Zika virus in the brains of babies born with microcephaly. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Haiti reported its first confirmed case of Zika virus disease in January 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • The magnitude of public health issues associated with Zika virus led the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • However, lab tests have confirmed Zika virus in travelers returning to the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • This update also expands guidance to women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, and includes recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant women and recommendations for counseling women of reproductive age (15-44 years). (cdc.gov)
  • Of primary concern is the risk of dengue transmission within the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • From 1981 through 1986, 796 386 cases of DHF and 9774 deaths caused by dengue were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from countries in Southeast Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • When uninfected vectors become infected from feeding, they are then capable of transmitting the virus to uninfected hosts, resuming amplification of virus populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 was tested using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus acid from a nasopharyngeal swab. (bvsalud.org)
  • Depending on the patient's recent travel history, these samples were tested for various other viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
  • 13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
  • The abundance of viruses in the host's blood allows the host to transmit the virus to other organisms if its blood is consumed by them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although dengue is primarily a health problem of tropical areas, it is of potential concern to health care providers in the continental United States for two reasons. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should contact their state or territorial health department to facilitate testing. (blogspot.com)
  • Please contact your state or local health department to facilitate testing. (cdc.gov)
  • As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. (blogspot.com)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Testing can be offered 2-12 weeks after pregnant women return from travel. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with male sex partners who have lived in or traveled to an area where Zika virus is spreading should either use condoms every time they have sex or not have sex during the pregnancy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • o Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of delivery. (cdc.gov)
  • Haiti's MSPP first received reports of patients suspected to have Zika virus disease on October 13, 2015, from the Sud Department. (cdc.gov)