Dendritic cells or macrophages. Medical search. Frequent questions

F2L is a naturally occurring acylated peptide derived from the N-terminal sequence of heme-binding protein 1 by cathepsin D cleavage that potently stimulates chemotaxis through FPR3 in monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
PMNs are rapidly recruited to tissues upon injury or infection, where they likely encounter other cells, for instance local and/or recruited dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages. (springeropen.com)
Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
Our data extended prior observations of Sia + IgG on DC function and showed that Sia + IgG was able to differentially modulate multiple pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated neutrophils or monocytes that are absent in healthy individuals, but appear in patients with cancer and conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. (beckman.com)
CD64 is a 72 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as FcγRI and FcR I. CD64 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated granulocytes. (biolegend.com)
Human rheumatoid synovial fluid cells and fibronectin-purified monocytes. (biolegend.com)
These monocytes isolation protocols can contribute to the development of reliable methods for the purification of human dendritic cells for research and clinical applications. (jove.com)
The main advantage of these protocols is that they facilitate the isolation of human monocytes and their differentiation into viable and functional monocyte derived cells. (jove.com)
To isolate monocytes by the adherence method, culture five times 10 to the seven cells of the resulting PBMC pellet per 10 milliliters of complete medium in a new T75 flask for two hours at 37 degrees celsius and five percent carbon dioxide in a humidified incubator. (jove.com)
These cells are closely related to neutrophils and monocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
Mononuclear myeloid cells include terminally differentiated macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), as well as monocytes, which under inflammatory conditions differentiate in tissues to macrophages and DCs. (aacrjournals.org)
Myeloid cells generated under these conditions, although similar to neutrophils and monocytes in morphology and phenotype, have different genomic and biochemical profiles and functional activity. (aacrjournals.org)
The field started changing in the late 1990s when the Gr1 + CD11b + cellular phenotype was suggested as defining the immune-suppressive myeloid cells in spleens of mice and when these cells were shown to be phenotypically similar but functionally distinct from monocytes and neutrophils ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
MPS is part of the innate immune system and comprises of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). (upenn.edu)
Antigen Presenting Cells (APc's - dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages) are the key to provoking a robust adaptive immune response. (shu.edu)
Splenectomy decreased the numbers of circulating inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytes in blood, reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cardiac macrophages and significantly improved the post-MI LV function in Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
Monocytes in the circulation are precursors to tissue macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over approximately 8 hours, they develop into macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)

Our data revealed that at early times (30 min), both Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) showed induction of important costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). (springeropen.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are hematopoietic-derived highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that display potent ability to induce both specific immune responses and deletion of potentially autoreactive T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Upon their secretion by antigen-presenting cells, they exert both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory receptor-mediated effects. (nature.com)
Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that act as the link between innate and adaptive immunity. (beckman.com)
Janssen Biotech acquired a worldwide license to Alligator Bioscience's Phase I immunotherapy ADC-1013 , an agonistic monoclonal antibody that targets CD40, an immuno-stimulatory receptor found on antigen-presenting cells, which can spur an increase in T cells attacking a tumor. (shu.edu)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

In this project we will investigate the causes en functional consequence of the diversification of dendritic cells and macrophages using a systems immunology approach. (ugent.be)

Polymorfonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or neutrophils, one of the first effector cells of the innate immune system against infection are the most abundant circulating leukocytes and were discovered by Paul Ehrlich. (springeropen.com)
1 Granulocytes are the most abundant myeloid cell in the blood, and can further be divided into eosinophils , basophils , and neutrophils. (beckman.com)
Granulocytic myeloid cells include populations of terminally differentiated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In the analysis of immune infiltration, ATF2 was negatively correlated with T cells but positively correlated with neutrophils and endothelial cells. (hindawi.com)
There were comparatively few neutrophils or gammadelta T cells. (nih.gov)
Neutrophils are the first immune cells that infiltrate the damaged tissue as early as 24 h after injury. (springer.com)

Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Identification and purification of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), a cytokine with multiple biologic effects on human lymphocytes. (nature.com)
Imiquimod is presumed to clear basal cell carcinoma (BCC) through apoptosis mediated by cytokines and lymphocytes, with erosion often observed correlating with complete clearance. (nih.gov)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)
The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)

Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells arise from a common maj" by Kayo Inaba, Muneo M. Inaba et al. (rockefeller.edu)

Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
Challenge stimuli consisting of ≤ 10 5 SACs or ≤10 4 dendritic cells failed to induce graft rejection. (diabetesjournals.org)
Unlike the splenic DC, however, most of the GM-CSF-propagated putative liver DC harvested at 6-10 d expressed only a low level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-Ek), and they failed to induce primary allogeneic responses in naive T cells, even when propagated additionally in GM-CSF and tumor necrosis alpha and/or interferon gamma-supplemented medium. (silverchair.com)
In contrast to the results for BEAS-2B and A549 cells, in RKO colon carcinoma cells ZnO NPs and not Zn2 + induce cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. (dovepress.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

However, the functional consequences of NETs interacting with other immune cells, either resident or recruited during early inflammation, have not been assessed. (springeropen.com)
Our results would suggest that early in inflammation, NETs can activate the two main APCs (Mfs and cDCs), but as the process continues, NETs can then initiate apoptosis of these cells through mitochondrial harm. (springeropen.com)
The protein helps fight infection by promoting inflammation, regulating immune cell activity, and turning on various immune system cells that are necessary to fight off foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, osteopontin is abnormally active, prolonging bone breakdown by osteoclasts and triggering abnormal inflammation and immune responses by immune cells. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, development of strategies targeting particular subsets of inflammatory cells and providing well-timed resolution of inflammation may be crucial for proper healing and recovery. (springer.com)
Likewise, dexamethasone can reduce cerebral cell apoptosis and inhibit inflammation [ 10 ,] and deferoxamine (DFX) provides new therapy target [ 11 ]. (karger.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

To study the migration of microglia across the BBB, we developed an in vitro co-culture system of mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs) and Ra2 microglia using Transwell inserts. (portlandpress.com)
The addition of microglia or ATP led to the disruption of the MBEC monolayer and significantly decreased barrier function as measured by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). (portlandpress.com)
In conclusion, we offer evidence that microglia migration across the brain endothelial cell monolayer is increased in the presence of ATP in a manner that involves MMP secretion. (portlandpress.com)
The uptake of labeled MPs in the presence of protein S and Gas6 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was monitored by flow cytometry, western blotting and confocal/electron microscopy. (lu.se)
We found that both endothelial cell types can phagocytose PMPs, and using TAM-blocking antibodies or siRNA knock-down of individual TAMs we show that the uptake is mediated by endothelial Axl and Gas6. (lu.se)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

Cell-cell signaling networks will be used to look at the effects of the microenvironment on cell differentiation, while module networks will allow us to investigate the changes in gene expression. (ugent.be)
In this study, we investigated the transformation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor microenvironment during 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated SDT in mice transplanted with B16F10 melanomas. (psu.edu)
The original stabilized immune state in the tumor microenvironment can be interrupted by low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound combined with 5-ALA, which enhanced the pro-inflammatory response and reversed the passive properties of macrophages and dendritic cells. (psu.edu)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. (springer.com)
At the same time, the IFN- γ also participates in the activation of macrophages in the inflammatory response of IDD and jointly affects the immune microenvironment of IDD [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)

Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
Propagation of dendritic cell progenitors from normal mouse liver using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and their maturational development in the presence of type-1 collagen. (silverchair.com)
Within 1 wk of liquid culture in granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), normal B10 BR (H-2k I-E+) mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) formed loosely adherent myeloid cell clusters that have been shown to contain dendritic cell (DC) progenitors in similar studies of mouse blood or bone marrow. (silverchair.com)

Importantly, activated MDMs in turn mediate strong activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), leading to the secretion of high levels of IFN-α and TNF. (nature.com)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)

We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)

In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
M1, "classically activated," pro-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)
M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Previous work suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are resistant and unresponsive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)

Multicolor flow cytometric analysis of mouse splenic dendritic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
All solid organs and most other tissues harbor a network of DC or macrophages (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)
On the other hand, dendritic cells (DCs) that infiltrate tumor tissues are involved in tumor suppression. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and are closely involved in tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and invasion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)
CD68 levels increased and CD163 decreased, indicating that M2 macrophages were converted to the M1 phenotype in the tumor. (psu.edu)
In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. (ashpublications.org)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural rodent pathogen that replicates in bronchial epithelial cells and reproduces many clinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of disease associated with human respiratory syncytial virus. (nih.gov)
In vitro exposure of BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and A549 alveolar adenocarcinoma cells results in cytotoxicity, increased oxidative stress, increased intracellular [Ca2 + ], decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and interleukin (IL)-8 production. (dovepress.com)
The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)

Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
We show here that these novel intrathymic DCs are truly myeloid, as they arise from CD34 + early thymic progenitors through CD34 lo intermediates which have lost the capacity to generate T cells, but display myelomonocytic differentiation potential. (ashpublications.org)
Tumor-Derived Retinoic Acid Regulates Intratumoral Monocyte Differentiation to Promote Immune Suppression Cell. (upenn.edu)
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF8 regulate B, T, macrophage, and dendritic cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells reveals that IRF4 targets sequences enriched for activating protein 1 (AP-1)-IRF composite elements (AICEs) that are co-bound by BATF, an AP-1 factor required for T(H)17, B, and dendritic cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)

In fact, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, massive infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, including activated macrophages, was detected in infected lung tissue. (nature.com)
This study is to explore the biomarkers in IDD and to explore the role of immune cell infiltration in IDD. (hindawi.com)
Finally, the infiltration of immune cells in the data were analyzed by MCPcounter analysis package. (hindawi.com)
The SNHG5/miR-299-5p/ATF2 can be used as biomarker of IDD, and infiltration of immune cells plays an important role in the pathological development of IDD. (hindawi.com)
In addition to the above studies, some researchers believe that the occurrence and development of IDD are closely related to immune cell infiltration. (hindawi.com)
Treatment was associated with the early appearance of CD4 cells, activated dendritic cells and macrophages, with later infiltration by CD8 T cells. (nih.gov)
Consequently, a greater post-MI monocyte-derived myocardial macrophage infiltration was noted in Hmox1-deficient individuals. (springer.com)
On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
In line with this observation, elevated levels of NK cell infiltration demonstrated a significant positive correlation with improved overall survival (OS) among patients diagnosed with DLBCL (p (bvsalud.org)

The same applies to the bone marrow that requires macrophages for the clearance of the nuclei that get expelled from erythroblasts during their maturation towards erythrocytes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

The TRAP enzyme primarily regulates the activity of a protein called osteopontin, which is produced in bone cells called osteoclasts and in immune cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Two versions (isoforms) of the TRAP enzyme are produced: TRAP5a is found primarily in immune cells and TRAP5b is found primarily in bone cells called osteoclasts. (medlineplus.gov)
At the same time, the nucleus pulposus cells release Fas ligand (FasL) tumor necrosis factor to destroy the infiltrating immune cells and maintain immune isolation [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
There were also significant differences in microbial composition in dust samples and in innate immune cells between the two groups of children. (medscape.com)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)

Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Broadly speaking, they can be divided into Langerhans and non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Langerhans cell histiocytoses are all defined by the presence of a unique ultrastructural organelle, the Birbeck granule. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Currently, the preferred term is Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in the neonatal period: a retrospective case series. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphologic characteristics of skin lesions, extent of extracutaneous disease, and outcomes in patients with neonatal presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to examine clinical predictors of disease prognosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Epidemiologic study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
OBJECTIVE: The etiology and pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remain poorly understood. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
The ultrastructural hallmark of the Langerhans cell, the Birbeck granule, was described a century later. (medscape.com)
The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
Although the epidermal Langerhans cell has been presumed to be the cell of origin in LCH, recent studies have called this belief into question. (medscape.com)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Taken together, these findings have led some to speculate that LCH is not a specific disease of epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. (medscape.com)
More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)

that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Additionally, the ability of these cells to regulate lymphocyte function makes them an important determinant in the success of cancer immunotherapy. (upenn.edu)

Bladder Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Elicit a CD8 T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. (rochester.edu)

3F019415) Unraveling the functional specialization of macrophages and dendritic cells using gene module networks and cell-cell signaling networks. (ugent.be)

In order to track virus-target cell interactions during acute infection in vivo, we developed rK2-PVM, bacterial artificial chromosome-based recombinant PVM strain J3666 that incorporates the fluorescent tag monomeric Katushka 2 (mKATE2). (nih.gov)
We have developed a fully functional recombinant PVM strain with a fluorescent reporter protein (rK2-PVM) that permits us to track infection of target cells in vivo. (nih.gov)
With rK2-PVM, we demonstrate infection of leukocytes in the lung, notably, dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages. (nih.gov)
Alveolar macrophages undergo productive infection and release infectious virions. (nih.gov)
We show here that Lactobacillus administration also limits infection of leukocytes in vivo and results in diminished release of infectious virions from alveolar macrophages. (nih.gov)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)

Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
1-3 These nonoverlapping functions have been proposed to result from the actions of 2 major DC populations which have been characterized as myeloid and lymphoid DCs, respectively, on the basis of their anatomical localization and cell-surface phenotypes and, ultimately, of their distinct developmental origin. (ashpublications.org)
The overall goal of this study is to compare two different methods of human monocyte isolation for dendritic cell generation in vitro and to characterize the CT11c, CT14 cell surface expression of the resulting monocyte derived populations by imaging flow cytometry. (jove.com)
Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)

SIRP beta 1 is expressed on cells of monocyte, macrophage or dendritic lineages. (rndsystems.com)

Internalization of bim Bm or bim Bp isolates by CD11c + dendritic cells and F4/80 + macrophages was comparable (not shown). (cdc.gov)
We also noted that CD11c positive dendritic cells but not F4/80 positive macrophages retained SWCNT in the lungs 9 days after pharyngeal aspiration. (cdc.gov)
However, co-localization of T. gondii with CD11c or F4/80 positive cells could not be observed in lungs or spleen. (cdc.gov)
The fluorescence histogram showing Dendritic Cells antigen expression (or Ig Isotype control staining) were derived from either CD11b+ CD11c- (Left Panel) or CD11b [intermediate] CD11c+ (Right Panel) gated events, as indicated, with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact leucocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

Mononuclear cell progeny released from these clusters at and beyond 4 d exhibited distinct dendritic morphology and were actively phagocytic. (silverchair.com)
The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
To achieve a proper separation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, load the blood onto the density gradient solution quickly, but carefully and without mixing the layers. (jove.com)

In a number of human malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are closely involved in tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) uses a combination of sonosensitizing drugs and low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound to cause apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells. (psu.edu)
However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These cells have emerged as an important contributor to tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Reports on the accumulation of immune-suppressive myeloid cells associated with tumor progression were published sporadically beginning in the early 1970s ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The observations of the accumulation in spleens and tumors of large numbers of these cells with potent immune-suppressive activity were readily reproducible in most murine tumor models. (aacrjournals.org)
DCs and macrophages are thought to play important role in cancer by modulating host-immune responses against the tumor cells, promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. (upenn.edu)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)

Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. (springer.com)

We also demonstrate that phenotypically and functionally equivalent myeloid precursors devoid of T-cell potential do exist in vivo in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)

Vitamin D ameliorates stress ligand expression elicited by free fatty acids in the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. (springer.com)

During the last decades, research has focused on the cell-type-specific properties of these cells in culture, which then led to an immunocentric view of their role in disease like if they were primed like T cells to infiltrate target organs to cause tissue damage and drive progressive scaring [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)
This slightly different perspective may somewhat shape our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity and tissue pathology but certainly also raise new questions for future research. (hindawi.com)
That more dendritic cells were required to stimulate rejection in reversed diabetic recipients compared with nondiabetic recipients suggests that other factors, such as the diabetic state and the production of a tolerant status achieved by larger amounts of grafted tissue, may influence graft survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Osteoclasts are specialized cells that break down and remove (resorb) bone tissue that is no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)
These cells are involved in bone remodeling, which is a normal process that replaces old bone tissue with new bone. (medlineplus.gov)
CSF1R regulates the dendritic cell pool size in adult mice via embryo-derived tissue-resident macrophages. (mpg.de)

Therefore, the differential ability of dendritic cells and macrophages (splenic adherent cells [SACs]) to stimulate pancreatic islet allograft rejection in reversed alloxan-induced diabetic rats was examined. (diabetesjournals.org)
Macrophages are strongly adherent and are not effectively dislodged from culture surfaces by standard enzymatic cell dissociation reagents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It was especially designed for the gentle release of adherent macrophages and guarantees the best possible cell viability, even after prolonged exposure times. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Unlike enzyme-based solutions, the Macrophage Detachment Solution DXF does not alter cell surface proteins and neutralization is not necessary.Note: The Macrophage Detachment Solution DXF is not suitable for the dissociation of other adherent cell types. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)

Ly6C high MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6C low MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
However, the intensity of expression of the DC-restricted markers NLDC 145, 33D1, and N418, and the macrophage marker F4/80, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Fc gamma RII was low to moderate, whereas the cells were negative for CD3, CD45RA, and NK1.1. (silverchair.com)
Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)

0.05) in DLBCL cells via CCK8 and apoptotic assays. (bvsalud.org)

The tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAMs) and their ligands protein S and Gas6 are involved in the uptake of PS-exposing apoptotic cells in macrophages and dendritic cells. (lu.se)

Overall, the present study describes a novel and potent pathway of pDC activation that is linked to the macrophage-mediated clearance of infected cells. (nature.com)
These findings indicate that dendritic cells are potent stimulator cells for in vivo immune responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
The main functional characteristic of these cells is their potent ability to suppress various types of immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)

Transcriptome sequencing showed that SFE significantly upregulated the expression of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR, also known as CLEC4A2). (bvsalud.org)
We further validated the crucial role of DCIR in macrophage polarization through knockdown and overexpression experiments and demonstrated that SFE regulates macrophage polarization by upregulating DCIR expression. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, this research identified DCIR ( dendritic cell immunoreceptor) as a potential novel target for regulating macrophage polarization. (bvsalud.org)

It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and CompBead to ensure that BD Comp beads are appropriate for your specific cellular application. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fig. 1: Cellular sources, target cells, signalling and downstream effects of IL-12. (nature.com)
The objective was to determine the cellular immune response early in the course of treatment in order to examine whether cell mediated immunity could be responsible for imiquimod mediated regression of BCC. (nih.gov)

Baxalta, the biopharmaceutical spinoff of Baxter, entered into a $1.7 B deal with Precision BioSceinces for 6 CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell) projects, and Saronic Biotechnology announced positive data in preclinical studies of its autologous dendritic cell vaccine for hepatocellular carcinoma. (shu.edu)
El ligando es específico para el RECEPTOR 4-1BB y puede desempeñar un papel en la indución de la proliferación de los LINFOCITOS T activados de la sangre periférica. (bvsalud.org)
The precise biological function of Interleukin-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still not well understood. (bvsalud.org)

Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
Vitamin D inhibits proliferation and profibrotic marker expression in hepatic stellate cells and decreases thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. (springer.com)

These cells are functionally, phenotypically, and developmentally heterogeneous with many distinct subsets. (upenn.edu)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Upregulating Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor. (bvsalud.org)
Sulforaphene Inhibits Periodontitis through Regulating Macrophage Polarization via Upregulating Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor. (bvsalud.org)

In summary, the results of this study suggest that SFE can regulate macrophage polarization and inhibit periodontitis . (bvsalud.org)
This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
During the 1980s and early 1990s, work from the laboratories of Diana Lopez, Jim Talmadge, M. Rita Young, and Hans Schreiber demonstrated that various types of myeloid cells could inhibit immune function in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)

Short-term exposure of skin cells results in apoptosis but not in an inflammatory response, while long-term exposure leads to increased ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial activity, and formation of tubular intercellular structures. (dovepress.com)

Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the development of periodontitis , and several naturally occurring food compounds have recently been reported to regulate macrophage polarization. (bvsalud.org)

One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

Here, we demonstrate that upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, MDMs are activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF. (nature.com)

2021) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. (beckman.com)

Unexpectedly, however, at later times (6 and 24 hours) NETs apparently triggered a cell death process in these APCs by a caspase- and Apoptosis induced factor (AIF)-dependent pathway, suggesting mitochondrial damage. (springeropen.com)
Animal experiments demonstrated that fingolimod could reduce edema, cell apoptosis and cerebra atrophy and show neuroprotective function in ICH rats [ 8 ]. (karger.com)

Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

T cells can participate in the inflammatory response of IDD by highly expressing gamma interferon (IFN- γ ) [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Dendritic cells and macrophages have been attributed with stimulatory capacity for in vivo and in vitro immune responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
This study compares two different methods of human monocyte isolation for obtaining in vitro dendritic cells (DCs). (jove.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms14

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Monocytes23

Antigen Prese6

Immunology1

Neutrophils6

Lymphocytes5

Lymph nodes2

Granulocytes1

Induce6

Inflammation9

Large number of macrophages2

Endothelial6

Microenvironment7

Granulocyte3

Plasmacytoid dendr2

Human dendritic cells1

Cytokines6

Monocyte-derived macrophages1

Splenic Dendritic1

Tissues9

Phenotype4

Epithelial cells3

Differentiation6

Infiltration9

Bone marrow3

Immune cells5

Langerhans18

Fibroblasts1

Immunotherapy1

Extracellular Vesicles1

Gene1

Infection6

Populations4

Lineages1

CD11c4

Mononuclear3

Tumor8

Proinflammatory1

Precursors1

Ligand1

Tissue8

Adherent4

Cytokine production1

Markers3

0.051

TAMs1

Potent3

DCIR3

Cellular3

Receptor3

Marker2

Distinct2

Immunoreceptor2

Inhibit3

Intercellular1

Regulate1

Mice2

Phagocytosis1

Myeloid cell1

Apoptosis2

CD401

Inflammatory response2

Vitro2