• Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • White blood cells, particularly monocytes and macrophages, express complement receptors on their surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous work suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are resistant and unresponsive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
  • In fact, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, massive infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, including activated macrophages, was detected in infected lung tissue. (nature.com)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • Monocytes circulate, whereas macrophages are fixed in lymphoid and mucosal tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Our data extended prior observations of Sia + IgG on DC function and showed that Sia + IgG was able to differentially modulate multiple pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (scirp.org)
  • D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
  • CD64 is a 72 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as FcγRI and FcR I. CD64 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated granulocytes. (biolegend.com)
  • According to the classical model, it proposes a common myeloid progenitor (CMP) as the precursor of both monocytes/macrophages and DCs. (origene.com)
  • MPS is part of the innate immune system and comprises of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). (upenn.edu)
  • DCs and macrophages are thought to play important role in cancer by modulating host-immune responses against the tumor cells, promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. (upenn.edu)
  • These cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, were found to provide a rapid response to virtually all pathogens and to initiate inflammation at sites of local infection. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Monocytes in the circulation are precursors to tissue macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over approximately 8 hours, they develop into macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overall, the present study describes a novel and potent pathway of pDC activation that is linked to the macrophage-mediated clearance of infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, the SARS-CoV infected DCs showed low expression of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ and IL-12p40), moderate upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) but significant upregulation of inflammatory chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL-5, interferon-inducible protein of 10 kD (IP-10)/CXCL10 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
  • Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. (curehunter.com)
  • In vitro exposure of BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and A549 alveolar adenocarcinoma cells results in cytotoxicity, increased oxidative stress, increased intracellular [Ca2 + ], decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and interleukin (IL)-8 production. (dovepress.com)
  • Journal Article] Enhanced Apoptosis by Disruption of the STAT3-I κ B-ζ Signaling Pathway in Epithelial Cells Induces Sjogren' S Syndrome-like Autoimmune Disease. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • Endo: endothelial cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • It increases the expression of adhesion factors on endothelial cells to enable transmigration of leukocytes, the cells that fight pathogens, to sites of infection. (dadamo.com)
  • We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
  • Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
  • These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
  • This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • PBMCs include lymphocytes, monocytes, and DCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
  • The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
  • We now understand that adaptive immunity is the purview of a second set of leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, which are responsible not only for antibody production but also for the generation of T cells that can directly identify and kill host cells infected by pathogens (e.g., viruses). (aacrjournals.org)
  • CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
  • To isolate monocytes by the adherence method, culture five times 10 to the seven cells of the resulting PBMC pellet per 10 milliliters of complete medium in a new T75 flask for two hours at 37 degrees celsius and five percent carbon dioxide in a humidified incubator. (jove.com)
  • PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell. (cdc.gov)
  • The antigen priming of CD4+ T cells by mature MoDCs leads to the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in in-vitro PBMC assays. (ddw-online.com)
  • Langerhans cells (LCs) populate the mucosal epithelium, a major entry portal for pathogens, yet their ontogeny remains unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Analysis of myeloid cell infiltrate in heart grafts transplanted into immunocompetent recipients. (jci.org)
  • Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2021) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. (beckman.com)
  • We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
  • In humans, pDCs can be identified by the expression of several specific cell surface proteins, including CD123 (the IL-3 receptor alpha chain), BDCA-2, and BDCA-4. (origene.com)
  • This study compares two different methods of human monocyte isolation for obtaining in vitro dendritic cells (DCs). (jove.com)
  • The overall goal of this study is to compare two different methods of human monocyte isolation for dendritic cell generation in vitro and to characterize the CT11c, CT14 cell surface expression of the resulting monocyte derived populations by imaging flow cytometry. (jove.com)
  • More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14\(^{+}\) peripheral blood monocytes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Considering the difficulty to work on dendritic cells (DCs) isolated ex vivo , we developed a protocol for using in vitro -generated chicken monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). (re-place.be)
  • Tapia-Calle G, Stoel M, de Vries-Idema J, Huckriede A. Distinctive Responses in an In Vitro Human Dendritic Cell-Based System upon Stimulation with Different Influenza Vaccine Formulations. (re-place.be)
  • Pustulan Activates Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and Promotes Ex Vivo CD4+ T Cell Recall Response to Infectious Bronchitis Virus. (re-place.be)
  • Usually, human primary immune cells are employed for in vitro biological assays for immunogenicity prediction, and though they are generally obtained from healthy donors, samples from specific subpopulations of patients can be of interest in the study of disease-specific immunogenic reactions. (ddw-online.com)
  • We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
  • Organic dust exposure alters monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have a round nucleus ( Delves, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • To achieve a proper separation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, load the blood onto the density gradient solution quickly, but carefully and without mixing the layers. (jove.com)
  • Plastic-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens are cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days at 41°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. (re-place.be)
  • Human peripheral blood monocytes were stained with CD64 (clone 10.1) Brilliant Violet 711™ (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 711™ isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)
  • Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • First, we examined whether prominent CCRs on different monocyte subsets, CCR2 or CX 3 CR1, mediated migration events upstream of the accumulation of monocyte-derived DCs in lymph nodes (LNs). (wustl.edu)
  • These cells are functionally, phenotypically, and developmentally heterogeneous with many distinct subsets. (upenn.edu)
  • Certain combinations of anti-cancer treatment resulted in a similar pattern of inadequate DC parameters, namely, a combination of temozolomide with irinotecan was associated with DCs showing poor maturation and decreased immunostimulatory features, and a combination of pazopanib, topotecan, and MTD-based cyclophosphamide was associated with poor monocyte differentiation and decreased DC immunostimulatory parameters. (muni.cz)
  • Maturation of T cell-activating APCs directly links innate and adaptive immunity and is typically triggered by microbial infection. (jci.org)
  • A widely accepted hypothesis is that dying cells in the graft release "danger" molecules that induce APC maturation and initiate the adaptive alloimmune response. (jci.org)
  • Maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) in the presence of prostaglandin E2 optimizes CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated responses to protein antigens: role of PGE2 in chemokine and cytokine expression by MoDCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acts in synergy with other inflammatory stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to induce the maturation of migratory-type monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • We demonstrate here that the addition of PGE2 to TNF for the maturation of MoDCs enhanced CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative responses to neoantigen and recall antigen, and enhanced Th1-type responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The maturation pathway involves several stages, with differentiating cells passing through a monocyte-like stage before fully maturing into dendritic cells. (origene.com)
  • In conclusion, our results suggest that HCV interferes with antiviral immunity through TLR2-mediated monocyte activation triggered by the HCV core protein to induce cytokines that in turn lead to PDC apoptosis and inhibit IFN-alpha production. (umassmed.edu)
  • Here, we observed that HDL isolated from healthy individuals inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral monocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. (lww.com)
  • In the case of cytokine release, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IFNɣ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are released consecutive to the co-activation of DCs and T cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that send signals to the T cells, mainly participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases with immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as AR. (frontiersin.org)
  • Red blood cells (RBCs) also express CR1, which enables RBCs to carry complement-bound antigen-antibody complexes to the liver and spleen for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a model in which T cell recognition is restricted to a single foreign antigen on the graft, rejection occurred only if the allogeneic non-self signal was also sensed by the host's innate immune system. (jci.org)
  • Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, MoDCs matured in the presence of PGE2 display characteristics of more efficient antigen-presenting cells that might be optimal for use in cancer vaccine-based clinical trials. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that act as the link between innate and adaptive immunity. (beckman.com)
  • Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), also known as myeloid dendritic cells or classical dendritic cells, are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC), cDCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells, specifically from the common myeloid progenitor in the bone marrow. (origene.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • They are exceptionally efficient at antigen presentation and also adept at generating just the right type of T cells in response to a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These cells allow different types of assays to be performed, covering the T cell-mediated immune response from antigen uptake to T cell proliferation. (ddw-online.com)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies for cell characterization are not all commercially available. (re-place.be)
  • Characterization of Gr-1 int monocytes revealed that they selectively expressed CCR7 and CCR8 mRNA in blood. (wustl.edu)
  • Functional characterization of natural killer cells in type I leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (lu.se)
  • Studying the influence of chemokine receptors (CCRs) on monocyte fate may reveal information about which subpopulations of monocytes convert to dendritic cells (DCs) and the migration pathways that they use. (wustl.edu)
  • The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We further demonstrated that similar to non-lymphoid dendritic cells (DCs), CD103(+) LCs originate from pre-DCs, whereas CD11b(+) LCs differentiate from both pre-DCs and monocytic precursors. (nih.gov)
  • Addition of 1 alpha 25(OH)(2)D(3) to moDC cultures at different time points indicates that its inhibitory effects are greater in monocyte precursors than in immature DCs. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to the results for BEAS-2B and A549 cells, in RKO colon carcinoma cells ZnO NPs and not Zn2 + induce cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. (dovepress.com)
  • Despite increased IL-6 mRNA expression, MoDCs matured with PGE2 did not overcome the suppressive effects of CD4+ CD25+ T cells in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, the ability of these cells to regulate lymphocyte function makes them an important determinant in the success of cancer immunotherapy. (upenn.edu)
  • These monocytes isolation protocols can contribute to the development of reliable methods for the purification of human dendritic cells for research and clinical applications. (jove.com)
  • The main advantage of these protocols is that they facilitate the isolation of human monocytes and their differentiation into viable and functional monocyte derived cells. (jove.com)
  • This method can also be applied as an alternative for the isolation of other rare cells at an adequate yield for downstream research applications. (jove.com)
  • Focusing on the isolation of monocytes and the pharmacotherapy preceding monocyte harvest, we show that isolation of monocytes by elutriation is not superior to adherence on plastic in terms of DC yield, viability, or immunostimulatory capacity. (muni.cz)
  • We conclude that the DC-manufacturing yield and the immunostimulatory quality of anti-cancer DC-based vaccines generated from the monocytes of patients were not influenced by the monocyte isolation modality but were detrimentally affected by the specific combination of anti-cancer agents used prior to monocyte harvest. (muni.cz)
  • Magnetic-based cell isolation (MACS technology) is state-of-the-art here. (ddw-online.com)
  • immune destruction of insulin-pro- vestigate the relationship of VDR gene ducing beta cells by T-cell infiltration polymorphism to the risk of type 1 DM DNA isolation and PCR experiments of the pancreatic islets [1]. (who.int)
  • Cell surface markers used to identify cell populations are shown in the text box and in the gating strategy in Supplemental Figure 1. (jci.org)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • The functions of dendritic cells (DCs) are tightly regulated such that protective immune responses are elicited and unwanted immune responses are prevented. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • At the inoculation site, amastigotes are maintained in the interior of the mononuclear phagocytes, and the immunoreactions elicited by these cells are associated with different types of nodular lesions or ulcers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is present on DC and recognizes N-glycosylation sites on the E-glycoprotein of DENV. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Short-term exposure of skin cells results in apoptosis but not in an inflammatory response, while long-term exposure leads to increased ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial activity, and formation of tubular intercellular structures. (dovepress.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional response of immature and LPS-matured human monocyte-derived DC to SCFA. (unibo.it)
  • Our data revealed distinct effects exerted by each individual SCFA on gene expression in human monocyte-derived DC, especially in the mature ones. (unibo.it)
  • Acetate only exerted negligible effects, while both butyrate and propionate strongly modulated gene expression in both immature and mature human monocyte-derived DC. (unibo.it)
  • Using a human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) model, we have examined the relationship between DC VDR expression and the impact of exposure to its ligand, 1 alpha 25(OH)(2)D(3). (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • To detect coronavirus-like particles in experimentally infected human structural and immune cells, we infected a range of cells with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 for 48 h. (cdc.gov)
  • The role of CCR8 in emigration from tissues also applied to human monocyte-derived cells in a model of transendothelial trafficking. (wustl.edu)
  • Human rheumatoid synovial fluid cells and fibronectin-purified monocytes. (biolegend.com)
  • Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were obtained and experiments of Ara h 2 internalization by MDDCs were carried out. (usda.gov)
  • Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infects and Replicates within Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone-marrow-derived immune cells found in blood, lymphoid organs, and various tissue of the body. (origene.com)
  • Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the paradoxical importance of dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance will inform the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Activation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced by a Salmonella Enteritidis ghost vaccine candidate. (re-place.be)
  • Proteomic analysis of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in response to an inactivated IBV + NDV poultry vaccine. (re-place.be)
  • Here, we demonstrated that danger signals associated with dying cells are not sufficient to initiate alloimmunity, but that recognition of allogeneic non-self by the innate immune system is required. (jci.org)
  • In WT as well as in T cell-, B cell-, and innate lymphoid cell-deficient mice, allogeneic grafts elicited persistent differentiation of monocytes into mature DCs that expressed IL-12 and stimulated T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. (jci.org)
  • These findings underscore the importance of innate recognition of allogeneic non-self by monocytes in initiating graft rejection. (jci.org)
  • NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
  • The cellular or innate immune system was first described by the pathologist Elie Metchnikoff who recognized the existence of cells in the blood and tissues whose role was to identify, capture, and destroy invading pathogens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It has long been appreciated that the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system must be coordinated, but it was not until the discovery of dendritic cells (DC) by Ralph Steinman at The Rockefeller University in the early 1980s that we truly understood conceptually how the immune system functions as a coherent unit. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cell Reports 15(11): 2462-2474, June 2016. (upenn.edu)
  • Pradimicin-S (PRM-S), a small-size non-peptidic CBA, exerted antiviral activity in MDDC but not in Raji/DC-SIGN(+) cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The CBAs exerted broad spectrum antiviral activity against the four DENV serotypes, laboratory-adapted viruses and low passage clinical isolates, evaluated in Raji/DC-SIGN(+) cells and in primary MDDC. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In contrast, syngeneic grafts in the same mice elicited transient and less pronounced differentiation of monocytes into DCs, which neither expressed IL-12 nor stimulated IFN-γ production. (jci.org)
  • Uninfected or Leishmania -infected thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells were transferred from C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice or from Ly5.1 + to Ly5.1 - mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans and mice, conventional dendritic cells are divided into two main subtypes: cDC1 and cDC2, each with distinct functions and markers [2]. (origene.com)
  • In mice, they express the cell surface protein XCR1, while in humans, they can be identified by the presence of CD141 (or BDCA-3). (origene.com)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found 16 significant regulated pathways in imDCs and 10 significant regulated pathways in mDCs, including the phagosome, cell adhesion signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • This kind of pDC activation was dependent on direct integrin-mediated cell‒cell contacts and involved stimulation of the TLR7 and STING signaling pathways. (nature.com)
  • CCR7 and CCR8 pathways were used by monocyte-derived DCs during mobilization from skin to LNs. (wustl.edu)
  • Monocytes are selected by adherence or negatively enriched by magnetic separation. (jove.com)
  • However, PGE2 has been reported to inhibit IL-12p70 production by MoDCs and to promote the generation of Th2 T cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Searching for a surrogate marker predicting an adverse outcome of DC manufacture in the peripheral blood complete blood count prior to monocyte harvest, we observed an association between an increased number of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood and decreased potency of the DC-based product as quantified by allo-MLR. (muni.cz)
  • Such changes in dendritic cell migration may be associated with immunological events that maintain inflammation at the sites of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We still know very little about the mechanisms controlling the ability of these cells containing live parasite or parasite fragments to remain in the infection site or to migrate to the draining lymph node. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monocyte yield and viability along with MDDC viability, proliferation and CD11c/CD14 surface marker expression will be compared between both methods. (jove.com)
  • Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
  • The cell may then ingest the foreign invader. (medscape.com)
  • First discovered by Ralph Steinman and Zanvil A. Cohn in the 1970s, named for their tree-like branches or "dendrites", these cells patrol our bodies, ingest pathogens, process them, and present fragments (antigens) to T-cells, thus initiating a targeted immune response [2]. (origene.com)
  • These results provided possible molecular mechanisms of monocyte-derived DCs in the immunoregulating function and laid the foundation for the molecular therapeutic targets of AR. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) might be involved in the immune escape mechanisms for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-cancer immunotherapy represents a promising treatment modality in these neoplasias. (muni.cz)