Dendritic cells depend differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Mononuclear myeloid cells include terminally differentiated macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), as well as monocytes, which under inflammatory conditions differentiate in tissues to macrophages and DCs. (aacrjournals.org)
They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. (nih.gov)
A specific down-regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules expression on cancer cell membrane compared to different kinds of healthy cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic and lymphocyte cells) was observed, stimulating the cells with forces in the range of nano-newton, and pressures between 1 and 10 bar (1 bar = 100.000 Pascal), depending on the devices used. (unicz.it)
1. Launch The disease fighting capability comprises innate (dendritic cells, macrophages, granulocytes, etc.) and adaptive (T and B cells) immune system cell types. (iassist2012.org)
IFNγ exerts immunoregulatory, anti-proliferative, anti-viral, and proinflammatory activities and plays an important role in activation, growth, and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells and other non-hematopoietic cell types. (bioxcell.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Continuous ligation of LILRB1 modulated cellular differentiation, conferred a unique phenotype upon the resultant cells, induced a profound resistance to CD95-mediated cell death, and inhibited secretion of cytokines IL-10, IL-12p70, and TGF-β. (ashpublications.org)
Furthermore, it modulates the inflammatory processes in dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes by intervening in the production of cytokines and profibrotic molecules. (cdlib.org)
The hierarchy of T-cell dysfunction from peripheral blood to inflamed joint suggests that these defects are acquired through prolonged exposure to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
To perform this function, DC are capable of capturing antigens, processing them, and presenting them on the cell surface complexed to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, for example, human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR. Along with that, context-dependent expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and secretion of cytokines occurs. (hindawi.com)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
The iPS cell-derived DCs possess the features of primary DCs like the capacity for T-cell stimulation, digesting and delivering antigens, and the ability of making cytokines. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Cells used in these studies for DC era had been immature and mature Metroprolol succinate monocytes, Compact disc34+ progenitors, ESC, and iPSC, some from the trial research had been performed using mature monocyte-derived DCs and in addition Compact disc34+ progenitors-derived DCs that differentiated using cytokines such as for example TNF-were also useful for stimulating differentiated DC [20, 40]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
The conversation between different immune system cells is certainly mediated partly by cytokines released from cells in response to different stimuli. (iassist2012.org)
These cytokines possess pleiotropic functions, like the regulation of immune cell activation and differentiation [1]. (iassist2012.org)
Additionally, IFNγ induces the production of cytokines, Fc receptor, and adhesion molecules and up-regulates MHC class I and II antigen expression by antigen presenting cells during an immune response. (bioxcell.com)
Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
Parabiosis experiments revealed that tissue-resident non-classical CX3CR1+ monocytes differentiated in situ into intestinal CD11b+ nc-moDCs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Differentiation of this intestinal DC subset depended on CSF-1 but not on Flt3L, thus defining the precursors as monocytes and not pre-DCs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Importantly, CX3CR1 but not CCR2 was required for this DC subset differentiation, hence defining the precursors as non-classical monocytes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
These cells are closely related to neutrophils and monocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
Myeloid cells generated under these conditions, although similar to neutrophils and monocytes in morphology and phenotype, have different genomic and biochemical profiles and functional activity. (aacrjournals.org)
The field started changing in the late 1990s when the Gr1 + CD11b + cellular phenotype was suggested as defining the immune-suppressive myeloid cells in spleens of mice and when these cells were shown to be phenotypically similar but functionally distinct from monocytes and neutrophils ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
It is expressed as a membrane-bound type II transmembrane protein [2] on various cell types including monocytes , dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. (wikidoc.org)
Due to the nagging complications of culturing and manipulating immune system cellsex vivoex vivoin vitro[27], restriction in the real amount of the attained monocytes, and adjustable potential of differentiation predicated on bloodstream donors [13]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)

Much of the remainder of the discussion focuses on the different ways in which, in the longer term, the chronic inflammatory process influences maturation, differentiation, and function of effector T cells at sites of inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated DCs migrate to lung-draining lymph nodes (LDLN) and dictate T-cell maturation via co-stimulatory marker demonstration, proinflammatory cytokine launch, and antigen demonstration. (woofahs.com)
By creating IFN-, TNF-, IL-10, and chemokines, this NK subset modulates additional subsets of lymphocytes mainly, regulating dendritic cell maturation therefore, differentiation of helper T cells, and B- and T-cell-specific immune system reactions (29, 30). (biospraysehatalami.com)
The neutrophil maturation and differentiation pathway termed myelopoiesis takes approximately 12 days. (medscape.com)
[4] BAFF is the natural ligand of three unusual tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have differing binding affinities for it. (wikidoc.org)
These receptors are expressed mainly on mature B lymphocytes and their expression varies in dependence of B cell maturation (TACI is also found on a subset of T-cells and BCMA on plasma cells ). (wikidoc.org)
As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)

Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
In this study, we investigated the expression of serotoninergic receptors (5-HTR), the signaling pathway, and biological activity of 5-HT on human dendritic cells (DC), showing that immature and mature DC expressed mRNA for different serotoninergic receptors. (aai.org)
1 Activation of DCs through toll-like receptors (TLRs) for "infectious nonself" or other "danger" signals normally initiates a process of cellular differentiation resulting in "mature" DCs capable of stimulating T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
Recent studies have suggested a role for human leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs, also known as ILT, LIR, or CD85) in regulating the function of myeloid cells, potentially implicating these molecules in the control of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
The signaling events initiated by the binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors (signal 1). (nih.gov)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
DCs detect viral antigens via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including RIG-I, MyD88-reliant, and TRIF-dependent toll-like receptors (TLRs), Etoposide that leads to the creation of type I IFN and effective antigen-presenting cell (APC) function (6C8). (woofahs.com)
NK-cell activation depends on stimulatory indicators capable of conquering the regular inhibitory declare that can be taken care of by signaling through inhibitory receptors. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Self-recognition of MHC-I proteins through C-type lectin receptor NKG2A and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) represent the physiological discussion between NK and focus on cells. (biospraysehatalami.com)
NK cells are more vunerable to activation, particularly if activating substances are indicated in contaminated or transformed focus on cells and identified by activating receptors, characterizing the altered-self trend. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Other surface substances, such as organic cytotoxic receptors Nkp30, Nkp44, and Nkp46, and activating KIRs also donate to NK-cell activation procedure and are important to determine whether NK cells will become activated to focus on infected or changed cells (27, 31). (biospraysehatalami.com)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B /TACI, TNFRSF17 /BCMA, and TNFRSF13C /BAFF-R. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. (wikidoc.org)
BAFF steady-state concentrations depend on B cells and also on the expression of BAFF-binding receptors. (wikidoc.org)
All these ligands act as homotrimers (i.e. three of the same molecule) interacting with homotrimeric receptors, [6] although BAFF has been known to be active as either a hetero- or homotrimer (can aggregate into 60-mer depending on the primary structure of the protein). (wikidoc.org)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

All together, we demonstrate that host nc-moDCs surprisingly mediate immunosuppression in the context of murine intestinal GVHD - as opposed to classical "inflammatory" monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) - via coinhibitory signaling. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Here we show that Vpx has the extraordinary ability to completely rescue HIV-1 transduction of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) from the potent antiviral state established by prior treatment with exogenous type 1 interferon (IFN). (biomedcentral.com)

First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
Antigen-presenting cells - notably dendritic cells - take up antigens and traffic to the draining lymph nodes where they present processed antigens to naive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated effector and memory CD4+ T-cells provide help to B-cells to mount antibody responses, and help naive CD8+ T-cells to enhance their clonal expansion and differentiation into cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL). (biomedcentral.com)
IFNγ is primarily produced by activated lymphocytes including T, B, NK cells, and ILCs. (bioxcell.com)

Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and regulating effector cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
3-5 LILRs are encoded by a set of genes within the leukocyte receptor cluster on chromosome 19q13.4, adjacent to the killer Ig-like receptor ( KIR ) genes that are responsible for controlling NK- and CD8 T-cell survival and effector functions. (ashpublications.org)
Helper T cells themselves, however, can only function when activated to become effector cells. (nih.gov)
The innate responses also dictate what kind of effector cell a helper T cell will develop into and thereby determine the nature of the adaptive immune response elicited. (nih.gov)
In this final section , we discuss the multiple signals that help activate a T cell and how a helper T cell , once activated to become an effector cell , helps activate other cells. (nih.gov)
We also consider how innate immune responses determine the nature of adaptive responses by stimulating helper T cells to differentiate into either T H 1 or T H 2 effector cells. (nih.gov)
To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
The combined actions of signal 1 and signal 2 stimulate the T cell to proliferate and begin to differentiate into an effector cell by a curiously indirect mechanism. (nih.gov)
However, the unusual phenotype of synovial T cells, including their profound proliferative hyporesponsiveness to TCR ligation, has challenged the notion that T-cell effector responses are driven by cognate cartilage antigens in inflamed synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, there are now compelling data to suggest that chronic cytokine activation may contribute substantially to the phenotype and effector function of synovial T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
On the basis of these data, it is proposed that T-cell survival and effector responses are driven by antigen-independent, cytokine-dependent mechanisms, and that therapeutic strategies that seek to restore T-cell homeostasis rather than further depress T-cell function should be explored in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
Precisely how effector T cells initiate and promote the inflammatory process in RA, however, remains far from clear. (biomedcentral.com)
There is now good evidence that there exists a coordinated programme of molecular events initiated at the outset of T-cell differentiation that leads to the generation of CD4 + Th effector cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To comprehend the NK-cell effector features, it really is paramount to consider the total amount between activating and inhibitory indicators (31) that drive NK-cell cytotoxicity. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Naive T-cells are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T-cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As as effector CTLs are produced shortly, they could recognize and eliminate the tumor cells [44C47]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
In adaptive immune system replies, the cytokine environment Prinaberel is certainly very important to the activation and differentiation of Compact disc4+ T cells into specific effector T helper (Th) cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, or Th17). (iassist2012.org)
IFNγ has also been shown to modulate macrophage effector functions, influence isotype switching and induce the secretion of immunoglobulins by B cells. (bioxcell.com)

They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Ultraviolet radiation, depending on its wavelength, penetrates into different layers of the skin and acts on cells that promote tissue remodeling and differentiation, such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts. (cdlib.org)
wutopilot The success of these grafts to recruit regenerating axons may reflect the forsx of the living graft cells to produce and release neurotrophic factors149,150 as it is known that Schwann cells and fibroblasts in living peripheral nerve grafts produce increased amounts of NGF and BDNF. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

In the constant state, immature DCs capture, process, and present to T cells a variety of self and environmental antigens including proteins from serum, commensal microbes, and lifeless cells17C22. (ubatubasat.com)
In their immature state, DC reside in the peripheral tissues, such as the skin, airways and intestine, where they function as the "sentinels" of the immune system, i.e. they patrol the body to capture antigens, including self-antigens, invading pathogens and certain malignant cells. (h2020restore.eu)
107 immature T-cells per day competence. (lu.se)

This is one mechanism by which a T cell can become tolerant to self antigens. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, a minority of NK cells exhibit the FcRIIIA receptor (Compact disc16) that binds towards the continuous (Fc) area of IgG antibodies Carboxyamidotriazole that may bind to viral antigens portrayed on the top of contaminated cells. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Interestingly, the number of CD80 + pDC positively correlates with the presence of IL-10-producing regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1), an important cell type for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. (hindawi.com)
Presentation of agonistic peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by constant state DCs tolerizes T cells and prevents autoreactivity when the same antigens are subsequently offered under immunizing conditions16,23C27. (ubatubasat.com)
After intracellular digesting, DCs present peptides produced from tumor-associated antigens in complicated with MHC course I substances to naive Compact disc8+ T-cells. (aboutsciencenow.info)
After that, the Compact disc8+ T-cell response is normally particular for tumor antigens and needs cross-presentation from the tumor antigens by professional APCs, such as for example dendritic cells. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Here, they undergo antigen-driven clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma and memory cells. (rupress.org)

Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
If a T cell receives signal 1 without signal 2, it may undergo apoptosis or become altered so that it can no longer be activated, even if it later receives both signals ( Figure 24-62 ). (nih.gov)
Using a cell apoptosis assay based on stimulation of a RANK:Fas fusion protein, and a cellular NF-kappaB signaling assay, we showed that R12-31 was agonist for both species. (cnrs.fr)
Enhancement of iPSC-derived DCs apoptosis, limitation in cell growth and reduction in colony formation ability of these cells [33], and the problems of cost and time related to iPSC also exist [32]. (aboutsciencenow.info)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. (oncolink.org)
OBJECTIVE: The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. (cnrs.fr)

A definite subset of Compact disc56bcorrect cytokine-producing NK cells with a restricted cytotoxic capacity can be more abundantly within lymph nodes (28). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Furthermore, activation of autophagy allows to extend cell survival when exposed to different types of stressors such as starvation or cytotoxic drugs. (hindawi.com)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)

To examine tolerance and immunity in live mice, Goat polyclonal to IgG (H+L)(HRPO) we developed a method for visualizing endogenous DCs simultaneously interacting with antigen-specific and non-specific CD4+ T cells. (ubatubasat.com)
Here we statement a novel antigen-specific stop transmission that acts within an hour of T cells leaving the HEVs in both immunity and tolerance. (ubatubasat.com)
That is the day to celebrate global solidarity and hope for all people living with MS. With the entire international ReSToRe team , we are committed to find a solution for this devastating disease by bringing an antigen-specific tolerance-inducing dendritic cell (tolDC) therapy to treat MS patients to the clinic. (h2020restore.eu)
Several immune parameters can be measured to monitor the immune response, including antigen-specific and neutralizing antibodies, antigen-specific T-cell expansion, CTL activity and cytokine production. (biomedcentral.com)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue). (wikipedia.org)
While the terms mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and marrow stromal cell have been used interchangeably for many years, neither term is sufficiently descriptive: Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that is derived from the mesoderm and that differentiates into hematopoietic and connective tissue, whereas MSCs do not differentiate into hematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
MSCs have been seen to even differentiate into neuron-like cells, but doubt remains about whether the MSC-derived neurons are functional. (wikipedia.org)
This study shows a potential new contribution of bone marrow derived cells following transplantation into the brain, making these cells highly versatile, in their ability to both differentiate into and fuse with endogenous neurons" said Dr. Paul R. Sanberg , coeditor-in-chief of CELL TRANSPLANTATION and distinguished professor of Neuroscience at the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida. (eurekalert.org)

Furthermore, SIRT1 influences immune system function in varied methods by regulating procedures such as for example lymphocyte activation, T-cell proliferation and differentiation, and macrophage secretion (21). (woofahs.com)
It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. (wikidoc.org)

Despite viral suppression and regular Compact disc4 T-cell matters in nearly all HIV-infected individuals on ART, NK-cell phenotype and features aren't restored, recommending these people may be even more vunerable to long-term comorbidities connected with immune system dysfunction, such as for example HIV-related malignancies (33). (biospraysehatalami.com)

We found a significantly lower expression of key autophagy- (ATG-) related genes in primary AML as compared to healthy granulocytes, an increased autophagic activity during all- trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) induced neutrophil differentiation, and an impaired AML differentiation upon inhibition of ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5. (hindawi.com)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Interestingly, succinate plays key dual roles during inflammatory responses, leading to net inflammation or anti-inflammation depending on factors like the cellular context. (haematologica.org)
The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)
This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid compounds at molecular, cellular and whole animal levels, first by examining the evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids obtained using in vivo animal models of clinical neuroinflammatory conditions, specifically rodent models of multiple sclerosis, and second by describing the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system components in immune cells. (420magazine.com)
Basal macroautophagy (thereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic recycling system in cells, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. (hindawi.com)
Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)
The traditional phosphatidylcholine SLC6A3 depends the cellular cell hypertrichosis DAT which is the proton-coupled surface of inositol( DA) from the dendritic T so into events, finally allowing the translocation of DA( Broer & Gether 2012, Schweikhard & Ziegler 2012). (familie-vos.de)
MIM:613135), a inter-cellular differentiation reported by base power of return and precursor( Kurian et al. (familie-vos.de)
The Classical download by which undigested response cells are secreted has likely increased but it is removed imported to differ via cellular RNA-RNA or reaction emissions. (familie-vos.de)
New spatial technologies, such as single-cell spatial transcriptomics and high-plex spatial multiomics single-cell imaging, offer high-resolution spatial mapping of tertiary lymphoid structures and provide more details on cell types, functional states and cellular organization. (mdanderson.org)
The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)

IL-33 is expressed in keratinocytes, and MyD88 signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) is crucial for AD development as inflammation was drastically reduced in DC-specific MyD88 -/- mice (CD11c-cre × MyD88-floxed). (nih.gov)
The barrier dysfunction, which may facilitate allergen entry, as a key epidermis also contains keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, a factor in the development of atopic asthma and sensitization. (cdc.gov)

Tertiary lymphoid structures are highly organized clusters of immune cells that form in non-lymphoid tissues. (mdanderson.org)
They also provide insights into the interactions between tertiary lymphoid structures, cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. (mdanderson.org)
Wang worked with colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania and Emory University to develop state-of-the-art computational tools that effectively integrate histology data to create an advanced spatial profile of tumor-infiltrating T cells, B cells and plasma cells both within and outside of tertiary lymphoid structures. (mdanderson.org)
Analyses of TNFR1/RelA-deficient embryonic tissues and of radiation chimeras suggest that the dependence on RelA is manifest not in hematopoietic cells but rather in radioresistant stromal cells needed for the development of secondary lymphoid organs. (rupress.org)
T cells are primed by antigen-presenting cells in the T cell zones of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen, the paracortex of LNs, and the dome area of Peyer's patches (PPs) * lining the intestine. (rupress.org)
Targeted gene deletion and radiation chimera analyses have provided insights into the molecular machinery underlying the development of secondary lymphoid organs, emphasizing the importance of crosstalk between hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. (rupress.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, and their presence within human tumors correlates with better prognosis. (bioxcell.com)

During RSV contamination, pulmonary dendritic cells (DC) travel innate immune system responses that immediate the resultant adaptive immune system response. (woofahs.com)
Since RSV enters the sponsor cell cytosol straight through membrane fusion (12), DC activation depends on autophagic equipment to mediate endosomal TLR-dependent cytokine creation and appropriate innate immune system responses. (woofahs.com)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)

2009). Treatment with ANG II had no effect on excitatory post synaptic currents in the PVN neurons or in the dorsolateral Alpelisib cell line periaqueductal gray (Li et al. (coxsignaling.com)
But we also have provided the first evidence that BMDCs can contribute simultaneously to different encephalic areas through different mechanisms of plasticity - cell fusion for Purkinje cells - among the largest and most elaborately dendritic neurons in the human brain - and differentiation for olfactory bulb interneurons. (eurekalert.org)
In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
L1 has been localized to growth cones and processes of postmitotic developing neurons, where it mediates cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon bundling. (jneurosci.org)

This process of differentiation is characterised by a distinctive pattern of cytokine production and is important because its outcome dictates the host response to foreign pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes infection or to parasitic infestation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The strong association between specific alleles encoded within the MHC class II region and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has provided the best evidence to date that CD4 + T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Since recent evidence supports a crucial role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of MS, we investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program in MS patients on the number and function of DC. (hindawi.com)
Based on previous efforts focusing on the role of the adaptive immune system in the pathogenesis of MS, it is currently well established that autoreactive T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells mediate the inflammatory processes in the CNS [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)

Primed T cells and antigen-activated B cells then migrate into the primary follicles where they associate with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), giving rise to germinal centers (GCs). (rupress.org)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
In contrast to basic innate immunity, adaptive immunity is specific and depends on antigenic stimulation. (medscape.com)

Th1 cells generate IFN-and mediate mobile immune system replies typically, whereas Th2 cells are seen as a IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 secretion and so are needed for humoral immune system body's defence mechanism [3]. (iassist2012.org)
Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
We demonstrated that signaling via the NK cell receptor NKp46 (human) and Ncr1 (mouse) induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from intratumoral NK cells. (bioxcell.com)

Depending on the assay and species, RANK-02 was either a weak agonist or a partial antagonist of RANK. (cnrs.fr)
MMC also induced phosphorylation of the nuclear histone marker of DNA damage, γH2AX (a member of the H2A histone family), without induction of cell cycle entry or immediate DNA repair measured by Comet assay. (molvis.org)

GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
Signal 1 is provided by a foreign peptide bound to an MHC protein on the surface of the presenting cell. (nih.gov)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
B-cell activating factor ( BAFF ) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene . (wikidoc.org)
The malignant cells exhibit peptides produced from mutant mobile protein or oncogenic viral protein and present them in colaboration with course I MHC substances. (aboutsciencenow.info)
Whereas transcription elements and epigenetic systems are in Prinaberel charge of transcriptional control, posttranscriptional legislation (splicing, mRNA editing, balance, translatability, and localization) frequently depends upon RNA-binding protein (RBP) [4]. (iassist2012.org)
MMC significantly blocked TGFβ-induced cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured quiescent keratocytes and altered the transcriptional regulation of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (molvis.org)

Both antibodies recognized human Langerhans cells, previously shown to express RANK, while dermal dendritic cells were poorly labeled. (cnrs.fr)

Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)

Each Th cell subset is certainly seen as a a predominant cytokine design, which determines the function from the cell in immune system responses. (iassist2012.org)

[ 3 ] Taken together, these findings have led some to speculate that LCH is not a specific disease of epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. (medscape.com)

The TNF-family member Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) is known for its role in bone homeostasis and is increasingly recognized as a central player in immune regulation and epithelial cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)

These bone marrow stem cells do not contribute to the formation of blood cells, and so do not express the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34. (wikipedia.org)
The deleterious effects of mutated IKZF1 also prevailed in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 519) in both univariable and multivariable models. (bvsalud.org)

Stromal cells are connective tissue cells that form the supportive structure in which the functional cells of the tissue reside. (wikipedia.org)
The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)
They're made up of stromal cells as well as a diverse collection of immune cell types in a variety of cell states. (mdanderson.org)
She says the demand is particularly high for tools to characterize the complex tumor microenvironment and interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and stromal cells. (mdanderson.org)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a term first coined by Arnold I. Caplan in 1991, are characterized morphologically by a small cell body with a few cell processes that are long and thin. (wikipedia.org)
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
In the constant state, DCs actively probed passing T cells with dendritic processes, but showed little translational movement and were found in extensive interdigitating networks within the T cell zones. (ubatubasat.com)
In MS, the immune system has derailed, setting a cascade of processes in motion that ultimately results in damage to the body's own cells and molecules. (h2020restore.eu)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play pivotal roles in the initiation, regulation, and maintenance of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
The main functional characteristic of these cells is their potent ability to suppress various types of immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
This chapter aims to explore this theme in more depth, beginning with an outline of the molecular events that dictate the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells at the outset of adaptive immune responses in regional lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
DC are a highly specialized population of white blood cells that are capable of orchestrating the immune responses. (h2020restore.eu)
This major dendritic cell of the skin that can acquire antigen, migrate article highlights recent findings from a diverse literature that to draining lymph notes, and initiate immune responses (3). (cdc.gov)

The EV composition depends on the producer cell type and its physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
This technique maintains mobile metabolic equilibrium and promotes cell success during physiological (ageing, differentiation) and pathological (contamination, degeneration, malignancy) stress circumstances (13). (woofahs.com)

The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)

I conclude by speculating about how our understanding of T-cell activation in chronic inflammation may influence future therapy, and discuss this in the context of the prevailing view that in a susceptible host, chronic inflammatory disease occurs through a failure of regulatory T cells to downregulate the inflammatory process. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, how immunocytes mediate the occurrence and development of periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction and how the molecular regulation network function in immunocytes reaction and differentiation are the focus of current research on periodontitis. (researchsquare.com)
DC are professional antigen-presenting cells with the unique capacity to polarize the differentiation of T cells, thereby regulating the balance between inflammation and tolerance [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
The ultrastructural hallmark of the Langerhans cell, the Birbeck granule, was described a century later. (medscape.com)
Although the epidermal Langerhans cell has been presumed to be the cell of origin in LCH, recent studies have called this belief into question. (medscape.com)
Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)

Ligated DCs exhibited poor stimulatory activity for primary and memory T-cell proliferative responses, but this was substantially reversed by blockade of CD80 or its preferred ligand CTLA-4, or by depleting CD4 + CD25 + CD127 lo regulatory T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
Here we report that when mice lacking the RelA subunit of NF-κB are brought to term by breeding onto a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1-deficient background, the mice that are born lack lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and an organized splenic microarchitecture, and have a profound defect in T cell-dependent antigen responses. (rupress.org)
The molecular substrates underlying this integration are complex and not well understood [ 6 ], but rapid responses to changing circumstances depend on flexible brain function, i.e. neural plasticity, which in turn is supported by context-specific patterns of gene transcription [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The term encompasses multipotent cells derived from other non-marrow tissues, such as placenta, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, adult muscle, corneal stroma, or the dental pulp of deciduous (baby) teeth. (wikipedia.org)
NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
they also reveal how things move and interact within it, providing a more vivid tissue context for cells. (mdanderson.org)

Classical activation of these cells takes place as a response to strong signals that usually come in the form of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) molecules. (aacrjournals.org)
Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)
This antibody conjugation of NK-cell and antibody-coated focus on cell, mediating NK-cell activation strongly, is recognized as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) (27). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Consequently, HIV prevents NK activation aswell as CTL reputation Rabbit Polyclonal to GTPBP2 of contaminated cells. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Moreover, HIV potential clients to persistent activation and T cell and NK-cell defense exhaustion consequently. (biospraysehatalami.com)
a) Comparable activation of OT-II T cells after delivery of -DEC-OVA with and without -CD40. (ubatubasat.com)
Cell-to-cell interactions set off a cascade of events that may result in T- or B-cell activation and, ultimately, host defense. (medscape.com)
To be effective, a vaccine should trigger efficient activation of antigen-presenting cells to initiate antigen processing and presentation to T-cells, as well as activation of T and B-cells (production of antibodies, generation of memory B-cells, memory CTL and memory CD4+ T-cells). (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cell state of activation can be assessed by transcriptome analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
This Attrition is displaced by activation that several termini may be more than eight complexes signaling the alpha-glucosidase of a isoelectric beta of eight cells in a axonal cell of number genes. (familie-vos.de)
The activation of tumor-specific T-cells depends upon DCs, which endocytose tumor cell particles and apoptotic vesicles. (aboutsciencenow.info)
For example, methylation altered by learning could flag genes for regulation only in certain conditions, priming the future activation of specific transcriptional states without disrupting baseline neural function by permanently altering synapses or cell homeostasis [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the results of detailed phenotypic and functional analyses of chronically activated T cells derived from inflamed joints are difficult to reconcile with traditional models of cartilage-antigen-driven inflammatory disease in patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
NK-Cell Defense Control of HIV Infections during ART HIV infections induces significant phenotypic adjustments and negatively influences NK-cell cytotoxicity (54). (biospraysehatalami.com)

However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
Using iPS for T-Cell Era The principal system of tumor immunity is normally eliminating of tumor cells by Compact disc8+ CTLs. (aboutsciencenow.info)

Furthermore, MSCs can undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation ex vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Myeloid cells are believed to be critical targets for lentiviruses in vivo , partly because they are capable of productive infection, but also because they facilitate virus transmission to CD4 + T-cells [ 16 - 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo R12-31 agonist activity was demonstrated by its ability to induce the formation of intestinal villous microfold cells in mice. (cnrs.fr)
However, the mechanisms by which NK cells control tumors in vivo are unclear. (bioxcell.com)
Thus, we have defined a mechanism of NK cell-mediated control of metastases in vivo that may help develop NK cell-dependent cancer therapies. (bioxcell.com)

Tampa, Fla. (Dec, 19 2011) - Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDCs) have been recognized as a source for transplantation because they can contribute to different cell populations in a variety of organs under both normal and pathological conditions. (eurekalert.org)
Their results are published in the current issue of Cell Transplantation (20:8) now freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/ . (eurekalert.org)
Six weeks after transplantation, however, more bone marrow-derived microglial cells were observed in the olfactory bulbs of the test animals where the degeneration of mitral cells was still in progress. (eurekalert.org)
The editorial offices for CELL TRANSPLANTATION are at the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, the University of South Florida and the Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. (eurekalert.org)

We demonstrate that the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 (ILT2, LIR1, CD85j) is selectively up-regulated during DC differentiation from monocyte precursors in culture. (ashpublications.org)
This peptide-MHC complex signals through the T cell receptor and its associated proteins. (nih.gov)
The T cell receptor does not act on its own to transmit signal 1 into the cell. (nih.gov)
The T cell receptor and its associated CD3 complex. (nih.gov)
Activating C-type lectin receptor NKG2D Carboxyamidotriazole identifies the modified self-state of contaminated or changed activates and cells NK-cell cytolytic activity. (biospraysehatalami.com)
The release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP 3 R) occurs in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. (jneurosci.org)
The IFNγ receptor is expressed ubiquitously on almost all cell types with the exception of mature erythrocytes. (bioxcell.com)
2018). "NKp46 Receptor-Mediated Interferon-gamma Production by Natural Killer Cells Increases Fibronectin 1 to Alter Tumor Architecture and Control Metastasis" Immunity 48(1): 107-119 e104. (bioxcell.com)

This cell therapy, a type of personalised medicine, is currently being lined up for an initial Phase 1 study in patients with MS. The researchers have developed what are known as 'tolerance-inducing' or tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) - a special category of immune cells that function as the immune system's master switch. (h2020restore.eu)
Our researcher, Barbara Willekens, PhD, will give a presentation entitled 'Intradermal and Intranodal Administration of Vitamin D3-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Is Safe and Feasible in Two Phase I Clinical Trials' on June 2, 2023 at 3:05 PM. (h2020restore.eu)

The Interplay between your Tumor Microenvironment and NK-Cell Immunity The procedure where the disease fighting capability can promote or suppress tumor development and development is dependant on pet versions and data from tumor patients and offers progressed to define the idea of cancers immunoediting (34). (biospraysehatalami.com)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Is there a hallmark 'glycosylation signature' that characterizes the initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs in physiologic and pathologic settings? (nature.com)
For cytokine genes, at least three stages are thought to be required for the acquisition of transcriptional competence in T cells: an initiation phase, a commitment phase, and a phase of acute gene transcription (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Recent evidence also suggests involvement of innate immunity, including dendritic cells (DC), in the initiation and maintenance as well as progression of MS [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. (aacrjournals.org)
Myeloid cells are a highly diverse population. (aacrjournals.org)
Granulocytic myeloid cells include populations of terminally differentiated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Reports on the accumulation of immune-suppressive myeloid cells associated with tumor progression were published sporadically beginning in the early 1970s ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
During the 1980s and early 1990s, work from the laboratories of Diana Lopez, Jim Talmadge, M. Rita Young, and Hans Schreiber demonstrated that various types of myeloid cells could inhibit immune function in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
In myeloid cells, Vpx promotes reverse transcription and transduction by these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
When delivered experimentally to myeloid cells using VSV G-pseudotyped virus-like particles (VLPs), Vpx promotes reverse transcription of retroviruses that do not normally encode Vpx. (biomedcentral.com)

What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)

This approach set the basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating aberrantly glycosylated cancer cells. (nature.com)
Therefore, targeting these cells may represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity. (aacrjournals.org)
Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
NK cells are as a result poised as appealing therapeutic targets that may be harnessed to regulate or apparent both HIV and HIV-associated malignancies. (biospraysehatalami.com)
ReSToRe will test a new therapeutic approach based on patients' own cells. (h2020restore.eu)

The observations of the accumulation in spleens and tumors of large numbers of these cells with potent immune-suppressive activity were readily reproducible in most murine tumor models. (aacrjournals.org)
Vpx provides a tool for the characterization of a potent, new HIV-1 restriction activity, which acts in the nucleus of type 1 IFN-treated dendritic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

MMC induces DNA damage to quiescent corneal keratocytes, which remains unrepaired, resulting in abnormal cell replication and gene transcription that leads to long-term effects on corneal repair. (molvis.org)
These data indicate that the effect of MMC on corneal scarring and haze is related to the generation of DNA ICLs leading to defective cell replication and gene expression. (molvis.org)

Anatomy61

Organisms7

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Macrophages15

Cytokines14

Monocytes10

Maturation7

Receptors18

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells2

Lymphocytes5

Effector19

Fibroblasts4

Immature3

Antigens9

Clonal expansion and differentiation1

Apoptosis5

Plasmacytoid3

Cytotoxic3

Antigen-specific4

Differentiate4

Proliferation and differentiation2

Phenotype1

Neutrophil1

Cellular13

Keratinocytes2

Lymphoid7

Innate immune4

Neurons4

Cytokine production1

Pathogenesis4

Follicular2

Adaptive immunity3

Secretion3

Assay2

Protein8

Dermal1

Unbalanced cell proliferation1

Subset1

Mononuclear1

Epithelial2

Hematopoietic stem2

Stromal cells4

Processes5

Immune responses7

Physiological2

Macrophage1

Inflammation4

Langerhans5

Responses5

Tissue3

Activation13

Phenotypic2

Tumor cells3

Vivo5

Transplantation4

Receptor8

Tolerogenic2

Disease fighting c1

Homeostasis2

Initiation3

Myeloid cells7

Intracellular1

Therapeutic5

Potent2

Induce1

Replication2