Dendritic and antigen presenting cell presenting antigen. Medical search. Frequent questions

In fact, you'll sometimes hear them called "professional" antigen-presenting cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
To help distinguish between the two types of APCs, those that express MHC class II molecules are often called professional antigen-presenting cells . (wikidoc.org)
Dendritic cells are a system of professional antigen-presenting cells that initiate the immune responses. (dissertations.se)
Constitutive expression of MHCclass II molecules is confined to professional antigen-presenting cells(APC) of the immune system, and in nonprofessional APCs MHC class IImolecules can be induced by a variety of immune regulators. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 11 ] Immature dendritic cells respond to GM-CSF (not to macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF]) and become committed to generating dendritic cells, which are "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (medscape.com)

An antigen-presenting cell vaccine, or an APC vaccine, is a vaccine made of antigens and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (wikipedia.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
Recently, cells called antigen presenting cells (APCs) were discovered to play a pivotal role in the immune response. (oncolink.org)
Co-stimulatory molecules are presenting along with the antigen by APCs to induce an aggressive response by the T-cells. (oncolink.org)
This approach is based on the view that immune stimulation is primarily mediated by APCs rather than the tumor cells themselves. (oncolink.org)
These professional APCs are very efficient at internalizing antigen, either by phagocytosis or by receptor-mediated endocytosis , and then displaying a fragment of the antigen, bound to a class II MHC molecule, on their membrane. (wikidoc.org)
As well, there are specialized cells in particular organs (e.g., microglia in the brain, Kupffer cells in the liver) derived from macrophages that are also effective APCs. (wikidoc.org)
MHC class II molecules are found primarily on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
APCs process foreign antigen and present the antigen to T cells, the immune cells with kill foreign cells. (labroots.com)
Several subsets of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages are capable of serving as APCs. (labroots.com)
Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)

Lymphocyte - These cells have a rounded nucleus, no prominent granules, and are smaller than monocytes. (pearson.com)
Large-scale immunomagnetic selection of CD14+ monocytes to generate dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: a phase I study. (nwbio.com)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated neutrophils or monocytes that are absent in healthy individuals, but appear in patients with cancer and conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. (beckman.com)
umors use chemokine signals to draw monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages into the tumor microenvironment, where the cells become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). (the-scientist.com)
Originating either from monocytes that come from bone marrow, or tissue-resident macrophages that arise during embryonic development, they can repress antitumor immunity by secreting cytokines such as IL-10, which blocks dendritic cell activation, and TGF-β, which blunts T-cell responses (1). (the-scientist.com)
As a first-in-class antigen presenting cell (APC) activator, efti binds to MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class II molecules on APC leading to activation and proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and monocytes. (kdvr.com)
The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
It does not have immunosuppressive properties, in contrast, it activates specific cellular mechanisms, such as the stimulation of non-phlogistic recruitment of monocytes (that is: without elaborating pro-inflammatory mediators), activation of macrophage phagocytosis of microorganisms and apoptotic cells, increase in phagocyte exit through the lymphatics, expression of antimicrobial molecules and inhibition of further neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration [3]. (bvsalud.org)

Immunization using TLR agonists and B7-DC XAb (cross-linking antibody) together as adjuvant resulted in substantially increased cytolytic T cell responses, particularly when minimal peptide antigens were used. (elsevierpure.com)
In a study of the specific pattern of flea antigen recognition by IgG subclass and IgE during the progression of papular urticaria caused by flea bite, variations in the antibody responses of both subclasses to flea antigens were identified. (medscape.com)
In fact, this type of antigen was the target of the first monoclonal antibody therapy for a malignancy (B-cell lymphoma) in 1982. (oncolink.org)
The localization pattern of capsid expression was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay in HeLa, 293-T, RD, or SH-SY5Y cells by using anti-His tag antibody as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? (clevelandclinic.org)
B-cells , which express antibody, can very efficiently present the antigen to which their antibody is directed, but are inefficient APC for most other antigens. (wikidoc.org)
This L161 monoclonal antibody detects CD1c, a glycoprotein that is noncovalently linked to beta-2 microglobulin on thymocytes and antigen presenting cells such as dendritic and Langerhans cells. (fishersci.com)
Applications Tested: This L161 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (fishersci.com)
Conversely, they demonstrated that sufficiently robust activity by antigen-presenting cells and/or antibody production by plasma cells would result in a complete cure by effectively ridding the infected host of the virus (see Fig. 1: Complete cure). (eurekalert.org)
And then following transport to the cell's surface, the CD4 T cell can perform various functions, for example can help a B lymphocyte to differentiate and become an antibody producing cell. (hstalks.com)

Functionally, cDC1 cross-present exogenous antigens to activate CD8 + T cells and can promote IL-12 dependent Th1 responses ( 1 , 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
These include exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens and tumor antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Exogenous antigens come from foreign substances that can enter your body through your nose, your mouth or cuts in your skin. (clevelandclinic.org)
They play a critical role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses by presenting exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC class II molecules are essential for the presentation of exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
The main function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IImolecules is to present processed antigens, which are derived primarilyfrom exogenous sources, to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In contrast, class II MHC molecules capture and display peptides derived from exogenous proteins, i.e. proteins taken up into the cell by one or more forms of endocytosis, for example, bacterial toxins like tetanus toxin. (hstalks.com)

Immature DCs reside in almost all peripheral cells as sentinels of the immune system. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are classified in two states: immature DCs (iDCs), which perform sentinel functions, sampling for antigen and danger signals, and mature DCs (mDCs), which exhibit enhanced antigen-presenting functions but are no longer capable of acquiring antigen. (elsevierpure.com)
Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (nwbio.com)
In fact, immature dendritic cells can actually cause the suppression of responses to antigen. (oncolink.org)
More recent studies suggested that DCs derived from tissues without "danger" signal stimulation should be regarded as immature DCs, based on their major role in antigen uptake and endocytosis of antigens [ 11 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)

This response provides the first line of defense against infectious disease and is primarily mediated by phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. (rndsystems.com)
The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)

Because of their central role in initiating an immune response while maintaining tolerance, impaired function of these cells might lead to the break of peripheral tolerance and initiation of immune responses to self-antigens. (nih.gov)
Immunological tolerance to developmental sperm antigens is not induced in males, because spermatogenesis begins first in the testis on puberty, much after the establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. (benthamscience.com)
The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)

These cytokines are used in the immune system for cell-to-cell communication. (oncolink.org)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Molecular cloning of MDA5, phylogenetic analysis of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and differential gene expression of RLRs, interferons and proinflammatory cytokines after in vitro challenge with IPNV, ISAV and SAV in the salmonid cell line TO. (uib.no)
Tph cells and Tfh cells share the ability to recruit B cells via the production of a B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 and then promote B cell differentiation through both surface interactions and secreted cytokines. (lupusresearch.org)
TAMs have the potential to aid antitumor immune responses by presenting cancer cell antigens to T cells and producing cytokines that activate dendritic cells and T cells (1). (the-scientist.com)
Secretion of these cytokines at the site of an infection promotes the recruitment of neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells, which eliminate pathogenic microbes and infected cells. (rndsystems.com)

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode for cell-surface proteins involved in antigen presentation to the immune system. (tutorialspoint.com)

The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
After dendritic cells or macrophages swallow pathogens, they usually migrate to the lymph nodes , where most T cells are. (wikidoc.org)
in essence, they lose most of their ability to further swallow pathogens, and they develop an increased ability to communicate with T cells. (wikidoc.org)
Although evidence exists that Yersinia and Chlamydia are two agents that precipitate ReA it has not been shown that these pathogens share common antigens. (dissertations.se)
They play a critical role in presenting peptides to CD4+ T cells, which are necessary for mounting an effective immune response against pathogens. (tutorialspoint.com)
It is likely that L-DCs play an important role in antigen uptake and processing of respiratory pathogens and are major contributors to respiratory tract immunity and may be ideal tools for future in vitro or ex vivo studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Different from pre-cDCs, tDCs have less turnover, capture antigen, respond to stimuli and activate antigen-specific naive T cells, all characteristics of differentiated DCs. (stanford.edu)
And it's clear, and as well discussed elsewhere in the series, that dendritic cells are uniquely able to prime naive T cells. (hstalks.com)
[ 12 ] These cells can capture antigen and migrate to lymphoid organs, where they present the antigens to naive T cells. (medscape.com)

Functional characterization of IgM+ B cells and adaptive immunity in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). Developmental and Comparative Immunology. (uib.no)
Rosa et al, Science Immunology 2022 ) and has shown recently that the same combination of factors can reprogram tumor cells into antigen presenting cells (Zimmermannova et al, In revision). (lu.se)

DC sense antigens, which are taken-up, processed and presented in the context of MHC molecules to elicit antigen specific T cell responses. (rwth-aachen.de)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells taking part in a key part in the adaptive immune responses to viral infections. (biospraysehatalami.com)
IFNγ responses are characteristically driven by IL-12 secretion from myeloid cells. (nih.gov)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that instruct T cell responses through sensing environmental and inflammatory danger signals. (frontiersin.org)
Maintaining the homeostasis of the multiple functionally distinct conventional dendritic cells (cDC) subsets that exist in vivo is crucial for regulating immune responses, with changes in numbers sufficient to break immune tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
As a consequence, cDC2 dependent CD4 + T cell proliferation and T follicular helper cell responses are increased. (frontiersin.org)
Collectively, our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls cDC2 homeostasis, which in turn ensures appropriate cDC2-dependent T cell responses under antigenic challenge. (frontiersin.org)
Under polarizing inflammatory conditions, cDC2 induce Th2 responses in the lung ( 9 , 10 ), drive Th17 responses through IL-23 secretion ( 11 - 17 ), and initiate SIRPα dependent induction of T follicular helper cells (T FH ) and germinal center (GC) formation ( 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
Fusion cell vaccination of patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer induces immunological and clinical responses. (nwbio.com)
Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
However, extremely strong immune responses have been generated using a "boost" to the immune system, provided by viruses that encode antigens similar to the target. (oncolink.org)
Besides, an increase in T cell responses are observed against HspX in healthy latent individuals as compared to active TB patients suggesting its role in maintaining a disease free state in these subjects 9 . (nature.com)
Transitional dendritic cells are distinct from conventional DC2 precursors and mediate proinflammatory antiviral responses. (stanford.edu)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) glycoproteins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that function to present antigen peptide fragments to T cells responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. (embl-heidelberg.de)
It's the recognition of these peptide MHC complexes by the T cell antigen receptors that initiates most immune responses. (hstalks.com)
They act as a surveillance system to detect foreign antigens and shape immunogenic or tolerogenic responses [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Effective induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses requires interaction between the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes to prime the latter cells for expansion and subsequent immune responses. (medscape.com)

Once encountering infectious antigens DCs begin to mature and shed their ability to take up antigens (26 27 During their maturation DCs undergo significant phenotypic changes by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and costimulatory molecules such as CD40 CD80 and CD86 (28). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Ability to take up antigen increases, while expression of B71 2 costimulatory and MHC molecules remains unchanged. (elsevierpure.com)
These DCs recover the ability to take up antigen, which is normally lost after treatment with TLR-3 and TLR-9 agonists, yet retain the high expression of costimulatory and MHC molecules and strong antigen-presenting functions of mDCs. (elsevierpure.com)
Although almost every cell in the body is an APC, since it can present antigen to CD8 + T cells via MHC class I molecules, the term is often limited to those specialized cells that can prime T cells (i.e., activate a T cell that has not been exposed to antigen, termed a naive T cell ). (wikidoc.org)
These cells, in general, express MHC class II as well as MHC class I molecules, and can stimulate CD4 + ("helper") cells as well as CD8 + ("cytotoxic") T cells . (wikidoc.org)
Activated DCs are especially potent T H cell activators because, as part of their composition, they express co-stimulatory molecules such as B7 . (wikidoc.org)
This ensures that only properly folded MHC class II molecules are transported to the cell surface. (tutorialspoint.com)
These molecules present peptides derived from extracellular proteins to CD4+ T cells, which recognize the peptide-MHC complex through their T cell receptors (TCRs). (tutorialspoint.com)
class II molecules present exogenously derived antigenic peptides (~15 amino acids) to helper T cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Besides antigen presentation, growing evidence is showing thatligation of MHC class II molecules also activates intracellular signalingpathways, frequently leading to apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Interestingly,activated T cells from many species, with the exception of mice,synthesize and express MHC class II molecules at their cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Antigen presentation refers to the display of short process peptides on so-called MHC, or major histocompatibility complex molecules. (hstalks.com)
As simply diagrammed here, class I MHC molecules display peptides which are derived from intracellular, i.e. cytosolic or nuclear proteins, which as we'll see in a moment, become loaded in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the cell surface where they're recognized by CD8 T cells. (hstalks.com)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

Bleumer I, Tiemessen DM, Oosterwijk-Wakka JC, Völler MC, De Weijer K, Mulders PF, Oosterwijk E. Preliminary analysis of patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma vaccinated with CA9-peptide-pulsed mature dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
However, it is likely that only mature dendritic cells perform this function efficiently. (oncolink.org)
Interferon- g is a potential vaccine agent that could be used, as it generates mature dendritic cells. (oncolink.org)

Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)

In this topic, we will review the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the immune system. (pearson.com)
Your goals for learning are: To list the cells of the immune system and describe their major functions. (pearson.com)
The immune system has two major anatomical parts: The first consists of specialized immune cells, many of which are leukocytes, also known as white blood cells or their close relatives. (pearson.com)
Let's examine the cells of the immune system more closely. (pearson.com)
The cells of the immune system originate in the bone marrow. (pearson.com)
One insight is the identification of tumor antigens (small proteins recognized as "foreign" by the immune system) that stimulate the T-cells of the immune system. (oncolink.org)
An antigen is a marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not. (clevelandclinic.org)
An antigen is any kind of marker - like a protein or string of amino acids - that your immune system can recognize. (clevelandclinic.org)
These include cells that are infected with bacteria or a virus that mark themselves to be destroyed by the immune system. (clevelandclinic.org)
Autoantigens are markers on cells inside your body that your immune system attacks even though they shouldn't. (clevelandclinic.org)
Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system mount its attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
One of their jobs is to act like a detective, showing the other cells of the immune system suspects they think are invading your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
If that particular T cell's unique receptor is a match for the antigen, it alerts the rest of the immune system to attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
When an antigen enters your body, the B-cells of your immune system inspect it. (clevelandclinic.org)
Antibodies lock on (bind) to antigens so that your immune system can destroy them. (clevelandclinic.org)
Once your immune system has seen an antigen, it has special cells that remember it, allowing your body to create a faster and more effective response if it invades again - this is called immunological memory. (clevelandclinic.org)
If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)
Of particular interest are the immune system's dendritic cells, which act as watchdogs for the immune system. (rxwiki.com)

Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The importance of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T and B lymphocytes is increasingly recognized. (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] Dendritic cells are also efficient stimulators of B-cell lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
The first signal may involve interaction between an MHC I-bound and/or MHC II-bound peptide on an APC with the T-cell receptor (TCRs) on the effector lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
The inflammatory process has cellular and humoral components, such as leucocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells and lymphocytes) and the humoral proteolytic systems (complement, kinins and coagulation), respectively. (bvsalud.org)
At the same time, lymphocytes can be activated in the lymph nodes by antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells) from the tissue, initiating the production of antibodies by B cells and the migration of T helper lymphocytes to the inflamed site. (bvsalud.org)
Following the course, stromal and parenchymal cells multiply and reconstitute the tissue, whilst most of the remaining macrophages and lymphocytes leave through the lymphatics. (bvsalud.org)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)

RABV G is responsible for binding to neurospecific receptors such as the acetylcholine receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for invasion into the nervous system (4 5 Moreover RABV G is the only protein capable of inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) that are protecting against rabies (6 -8). (biospraysehatalami.com)
B-cells have special parts (receptors) that test the antigen to see if they fit together, like a lock and key. (clevelandclinic.org)
MHC class II receptors display antigens for recognition by helper T cells (stimulate development of B cell clones) and inflammatory T cells (cause the release of lymphokines that attract other cells to site of infection) ( PUBMED:15120183 ). (embl-heidelberg.de)
PRRs expressed by these cells, including membrane-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytoplasmic Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid inducible gene I-like helicase receptors (RLRs), recognize specific, conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are present in microbial proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. (rndsystems.com)
Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)

ii) plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in blood that represent the major producers of type 1 interferon and (iii) Langerhans cells (LC), the cutaneous contingent of DC in epidermis. (rwth-aachen.de)
We report an unusual case of Langerhans cell granulomatosis (LCG) manifested as a villous synovial proliferation in a 38-year-old female jogger. (medscape.com)
Langerhans cell granulomatosis (LCG) is a clonal disorder characterized by lesions containing histiocyte-like cells, giant cells, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
[ 3 , 4 ] Langerhans cells are stellate dendritic cells that arise from CD34-positive bone marrow stem cells [ 5 ] and are not a member of the mononuclear phagocytic system. (medscape.com)
Langerhans cell granulomatosis cells are abnormal and coexpress S100 and CD1a, and these markers are used to separate this subpopulation of dendritic cells from other histiocyte-like cells. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Langerhans Cell Granulomatosis Manifested as Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - Medscape - Dec 01, 2001. (medscape.com)
Juvenile xanthogranuloma Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with infiltration into organs locally or diffusely. (msdmanuals.com)
[ 2 ] For example, the entity now referred to as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was initially divided into eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, depending on the sites and severity. (medscape.com)
Most recently, this designation was changed to Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on the suggestion by Nezelof that the Langerhans cell represented the primary cell involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] Although several histiocytic disorders are briefly discussed in this article (see History ),the primary focus is on Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)

Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells. (wikidoc.org)
[ 15 ] The surface of the APC contains 2 peptide-binding proteins (ie, major histocompatability complex [MHC] classes I and II), which can stimulate cytotoxic T (T C ) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and helper T (T H ) cells. (medscape.com)

Rather than attempting to determine the exact antigen on the cancer cells themselves, an alternative approach has been to isolate and to study the immunogobulins that our bodies have produced in recognition of these foreign antigens. (oncolink.org)
These cells, such as dendritic cells, process foreign antigens and then present them to T-cells, causing their intense activation. (oncolink.org)

Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
CD1c is involved in the presentation of lipid antigens such as microbial fatty acids to effector T cells during the adaptive immune response. (fishersci.com)
The two T cells seen in this slide are so-called effector T cells. (hstalks.com)
Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)

Lymph nodes are organized to mediate an efficient interaction of antigen presenting cells and T cells. (vumc.nl)
We are delineating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the differentiation of stromal cells towards lymphoid tissue organizing cells, allowing the attraction of hematopoietic cells to the developing lymph nodes. (vumc.nl)
In addition, the subsequent differentiation of these cells into the different stromal cell subsets that are present within lymph nodes are studied. (vumc.nl)
This molecule is also expressed on some circulating and marginal zone B cells, as well as in lymph nodes and germinal centers. (fishersci.com)

Maturation and trafficking of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in monkeys: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines. (nwbio.com)
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is another chemical that stimulated the maturation of dendritic cells and which could be used to augment the immune response. (oncolink.org)
Dr. Wacleche will also study if interferon-alpha, which is the main type 1 interferon causing inflammation in lupus, is responsible for Tph cells maturation and expansion as well as production of CXCL13 by these cells. (lupusresearch.org)

Mechanistically, PTPN22 mediates cDC2 homeostasis in a cell intrinsic manner by restricting cDC2 proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
It emphasizes the importance of immunocytochemistry to separate this histiocyte-like cell proliferation from true histiocytic and other dendritic cell types. (medscape.com)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)
General references The histiocytic disorders are clinically heterogeneous disorders that result from an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes that are either Dendritic cells (antigen-presenting cells) Monocyte-macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
Each category of histiocytosis can be traced to reactive or neoplastic proliferation in one of these cell lineages. (medscape.com)

Radhakrishnan, S, Cells, E & Pease, LR 2005, ' B7-DC cross-linking restores antigen uptake and augments antigen-presenting cell function by matured dendritic cells ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 102, no. 32, pp. 11438-11443. (elsevierpure.com)
Pease, Larry R. / B7-DC cross-linking restores antigen uptake and augments antigen-presenting cell function by matured dendritic cells . (elsevierpure.com)

DC subsets develop from hematopoietic stem cells via Flt3 expressing progenitors through consecutive steps of lineage commitment and differentiation: multipotent progenitors (MPP) are committed to DC restricted common DC progenitors (CDP), which differentiate into the specific DC subsets cDC1 cDC2 and pDC. (rwth-aachen.de)
A lncRNA identifies IRF8 enhancer element in negative feedback control of dendritic cell differentiation. (rwth-aachen.de)
This interaction leads to the activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, which subsequently activate other immune cells such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells. (tutorialspoint.com)

Banchereau J, Ueno H, Dhodapkar M, Connolly J, Finholt JP, Klechevsky E, Blanck JP, Johnston DA, Palucka AK, Fay J. Immune and clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV melanoma vaccinated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and activated with type I interferon. (nwbio.com)
The TMDs of both chains are anchored in the plasma membrane of the cell and form a "hairpin" structure, which stabilizes the peptide-binding groove. (tutorialspoint.com)
Once the MHC class II molecule has been transported to the cell surface, the invariant chain is cleaved and removed by proteases, allowing peptides to bind to the peptide-binding groove. (tutorialspoint.com)
The peptides are then presented to CD4+ T cells, which recognize the peptide-MHC complex and initiate an immune response. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC II proteins present peptide antigens that originate extracellularly from foreign bodies such as bacteria. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Proteins from the pathogen are degraded into peptide fragments within the APC, which sequesters these fragments into the endosome so they can bind to MHC class II proteins, before being transported to the cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
However, both present peptide fragments rather than entire proteins to T cells, and are required to mount an immune response. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Tumor antigens are markers on the surface of tumors. (clevelandclinic.org)

Mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized from the bone marrow during inflammation , Frontiers in Antigen Presenting Cell Biology , 2013, Front. (vumc.nl)
Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
Normal histiocytes originate from pluripotent stem cells, which can be found in bone marrow. (medscape.com)

Improved understanding of the pathology of histiocytic disorders requires knowledge of the origins, biology, and physiology of the cells involved. (medscape.com)
Experience in dendritic cell biology and antigen presentation mechanisms is a merit, T cell biology is also attractive. (lu.se)

It is characterised by progressive mononuclear cell infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands and a decreased glandular secretion, resulting in dryness of the mouth and eyes (xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca, respectively). (nih.gov)
Finally, mononuclear cells isolated from lung (L-MCs), which are used as precursors for L-DCs, expressed more antigen-presenting cell-associated markers such as MHC class II and CD172α compared to their counterparts from blood. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)

Dendritic cells appear to develop in several pathways. (medscape.com)

This triggers the human body to raise its own army of "killer cells" to assail the spike proteins. (gulfnews.com)
α-crystallin is a member of the small heat shock protein family, which helps in maintaining and thickening of the cell wall and in providing stability to proteins that allow the bacteria to survive under harsher conditions 7 . (nature.com)
Antigens are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) found on the outside of things like cells or viruses. (clevelandclinic.org)
The peptides that bind to the MHC class II molecule are derived from extracellular proteins that have been internalized by the cell via endocytosis or phagocytosis. (tutorialspoint.com)

You might hear your own body's antigens referred to as "self" and viruses, bacteria and other harmful antigens referred to as "non-self. (clevelandclinic.org)
RxWiki News) Viruses manage to disable the body's immune response due to a key viral gene that inhibits important signaling cells and allows infections to slip in undetected. (rxwiki.com)
The gene K3 essentially turns off the body's immune alarm system and allows the virus to sneak in undetected on the backs of the dendritic cells which lead it through the bloodstream. (rxwiki.com)
Protecting the body's antigen-presenting dendritic cells can be a major component in creating more effective immune therapy and vaccines. (rxwiki.com)

type 1 innate lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that act as the link between innate and adaptive immunity. (beckman.com)
This is a talk on antigen processing and presentation, and in particular how it's regulated by innate immune signals. (hstalks.com)
We know that innate immune cells are required for blastema progenitor cell formation, but are lacking an understanding of the immune cell processes and functions that are required for inducing and maintaining these progenitors cells. (lu.se)
This project will delve into innate immune cell function, establishing in vitro and in vivo systems test innate immune cell function in regeneration. (lu.se)

Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)

As of March 2019[update], the only APC vaccine approved by the American Food and Drug Administration is for prostatic acid phosphatase, a commonly over-expressed prostate cancer antigen. (wikipedia.org)
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Antigen-presenting cell vaccine entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (wikipedia.org)
As Dr. Weissman laid bare the intricacies of mRNA vaccine mechanics in 2021, he painted a vivid portrait, stating: "We put the code for the spike protein (of the SARS-CoV-2) of the virus that causes COVID-19, into the mRNA, and deliver it to a (human) cell. (gulfnews.com)
The vaccine formulations targeting these antigens have caused a relatively weak immune response. (oncolink.org)

As noted above, a more vigorous dendritic cell presentation of antigens could trigger the immune response by T-cells. (oncolink.org)
Dendritic cells , which have the broadest range of antigen presentation, and are probably the most important APC. (wikidoc.org)
It is likely that in the case of autoimmune diseases, a high degree of organization will worsen the disease since efficient presentation of autoantigens will enhance activation of autoreactive T cells. (vumc.nl)
For immune defense, the respiratory tract contains DCs that function as a robust antigen presentation system. (biomedcentral.com)

Afterward, an independent in vitro study was performed on human skin explants from a donor to evaluate the effect of the melon concentrate at different levels including on the sunburn cells formation and on the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and its influence on melanin. (mdpi.com)
Endogenous antigens exist on cells inside your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
Red blood cell antigens and special markers that your body recognizes as "self" (HLAs) are also endogenous antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)

Revised classification of histiocytoses and neoplasms of the macrophage-dendritic cell lineages. (msdmanuals.com)

They demonstrated that factors known to be common risks associated with aging - namely (1) Decreased activity by antigen-presenting cells, and (2) Inhibition of interferon signaling by Type I interferon autoantibodies - significantly increased viral production within the body, leading to severe infections (see Fig. 1: Severe infection). (eurekalert.org)

In addition, studies from the Mamula laboratory first demonstrated the ability of B cells to present autoantigens in the triggering of T cell autoimmunity and in the phenomenon of epitope spreading in lupus autoimmunity. (yale.edu)
This work preceded more recent studies illustrating the how B cells transfer autoantigens to other antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages. (yale.edu)

The signals that regulate development and function of Tph cells and Tfh cells in autoimmunity remain incompletely described, and particularly little is known about T cell production of CXCL13. (lupusresearch.org)
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)

Antigen presenting dendritic cells (DC) represent highly specialized immune cells with a central role in immunity and tolerance induction. (rwth-aachen.de)

Some cells migrate to tissues to take up residence whereas others circulate through the blood and lymphatic system, entering tissues when needed. (pearson.com)
The T cell populations that help B cells in autoimmune diseases vary in phenotype and include T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which reside in follicles of secondary lymphoid organs, as well as T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, which are B cell-helper T cells that migrate to inflamed peripheral tissues such as the rheumatoid joint and the kidney. (lupusresearch.org)

This project will aim to test a cancer immunotherapy approach based on in-vivo dendritic cell reprogramming of tumor cells to reinstate anti-tumor immunity. (lu.se)

Concurrent with this observation, L-MCs possessed significantly more antigen-uptake capacity compared to their counterparts from blood. (biomedcentral.com)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)

Hematopoietic stem cells and LC precursors in skin develop into long-term LC in steady state, which requires the transcription factor Id2 (A, top panel). (rwth-aachen.de)

Intrathymic dendritic cell precursors promote human T-lineage specification via IRF8- driven transmembrane TNF. (rwth-aachen.de)

Committed stem cells can mature to become antigen-processing cells, with some possessing phagocytic capabilities. (medscape.com)

Here, we examined the mechanisms that initiate GVHD, including the relevant antigen-presenting cells. (nih.gov)

In certain lymphomas, the immunoglobulin antigen that the lymphoid cell is supposed to be producing becomes mutated, and hence a potential target for vaccines. (oncolink.org)

Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)

We now describe DCs with a different activation phenotype: cells having the strong antigen-presenting functions of mDCs and the antigen-acquiring functions of iDCs. (elsevierpure.com)
By stimulating DCs with two distinct activation signals, a previously unrecognized phenotype exhibiting augmented antigen-presenting functions was obtained. (elsevierpure.com)

Dendritic cell immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: University of Tokyo experience. (nwbio.com)
Active immunotherapy against cancer is less effective, mainly because cancer cells have developed strategies to escape the normal immune response. (oncolink.org)

Practical experience with multiparametric flow cytometry, cell sorting and immunohistochemistry /immunofluorescence microscopy, or immunopeptidomics is a merit. (lu.se)

Your immune cells make antibodies to recognize and destroy harmful antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Antibodies are very specific to the antigens they recognize and destroy. (clevelandclinic.org)
Your body defends itself against harmful antigens with chemicals called antibodies. (clevelandclinic.org)
If it's a fit, the B-cell makes chemicals called antibodies that all have the same shape to recognize the antigen. (clevelandclinic.org)
Similarly, since spermatozoa are not self and isoantigens to females, if they are exposed repeatedly to sperm antigens by coitus, it is not surprising that isoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and develop antisperm antibodies (ASA) in females. (benthamscience.com)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
Most patients with primary Sjogren syndrome have two specific antibodies: against Ro (SS-A) and La (SSB) antigens. (medscape.com)

Dendritic cells (DC) are considered to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells. (nih.gov)
In comparison, cDC2s are potent activators of CD4 + T cells ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

Most likely it is the viral innovator RNA that triggers IFN production in the infected cells (30). (biospraysehatalami.com)
These tumor specific antigens are the result of mutations that cancer cells undergo, and in many cases that involve viral carcinogens, viral antigens. (oncolink.org)
Antigen testing is done to diagnose viral infections, monitor and screen for certain conditions and determine whether a donor is a good match for a transplant. (clevelandclinic.org)
By studying a virus in mice that bears similarities to the human gamma herpes virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, a known cause of mono, scientists have identified a viral gene that inhibits the antigen-destroying processes of the dendritic cells that would normally kick-start the immune defense in the body. (rxwiki.com)

Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)

The proposed research project mainly focuses on identifying extrinsic signals and intracellular regulators involved in CXCL13 regulation in Tph cells. (lupusresearch.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Professional antigen-prese6

APCs14

Monocytes8

Antibody10

Exogenous7

Immature6

Macrophages and dendritic cells2

Self-antigens3

Cytokines9

Involved in antigen presentation1

Pathogens6

Naive T cel3

Immunology2

Responses17

Molecules14

Mature dendritic cells3

Allogeneic dendritic cells1

Immune system18

Lymphocytes9

Receptors5

Langerhans10

Cytotoxic3

Foreign antigens2

Effector4

Lymph nodes4

Maturation3

Proliferation6

Augments2

Differentiation3

Peptide7

Tumor antigens1

Bone marrow3

Biology2

Mononuclear3

Pathways1

Proteins4

Body's4

Innate5

Apoptotic cells1

Vaccine4

Presentation4

Endogenous3

Lineages1

Interferon1

Autoantigens2

Autoimmunity2

Induction1

Migrate2

Cancer immunotherapy1

Uptake1

Autoimmune diseases1

Hematopoietic stem1

Precursors1

Phagocytic1

Initiate1

Immunoglobulin1

Inflammation2

Phenotype2

Immunotherapy2

Flow Cytometry1

Antibodies7

Potent2

Viral4

Tumors1

Intracellular1