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Multiple sclerosisInflammation and demyelinationInfiltrationAreas of demyelinationRemyelinationNeurodegenerationExtensive plaque-like demyelinationPathogenesisMiceMurine modelLesionsNeurologicalAcute disseminated enceAxonal degenerationInflammatory diseaseOligodendrocyteInducesPerivascularDisordersTreatment of autoimmuneDiseasesCuprizoneChronicModelOnsetSubpialCell mediatedDiseaseEncephalitisInjectionSymptomsMacrophagesRatsDisability

Multiple sclerosis25

• Myelin is also relevant from a clinical perspective, given that demyelination is often observed in several neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis ( Höftberger & Lassmann, 2018 ). (biorxiv.org)
• Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to the formation of focal confluent lesions of primary demyelination in the white and gray matter and to diffuse damage and neurodegeneration in the entire brain ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Autoantibody response to MOG (35-55) has been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and MOG (35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) C57/BL6 mice and Lewis rats. (anaspec.com)
• Implications for demyelination in multiple sclerosis. (weeksmd.com)
• The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
• CD4 + T cells are involved in the development of autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by inducing immune homeostasis through CD4 + IFNγ + IL-10 + T cells and reverses disease progression by restoring tissue integrity via remyelination and neuroregeneration. (nature.com)
• The pathologic features are similar to MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS , including perivascular and periventricular foci of inflammation and demyelination. (nih.gov)
• Recent evidence suggests that clozapine, quetiapine, tamoxifen and pioglitazone may improve functional recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS). We have compared the effectiveness of oral administration of these drugs, beginning at peak disease, at reducing disease severity and demyelination in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (dal.ca)
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination of neurons, neurodegeneration and progressive disability. (ubc.ca)
• Our results confirm that laquinimod prevents demyelination in the cuprizone mouse model for multiple sclerosis via downregulation of NF-κB activation. (neurology.org)
• In EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ) animal model of multiple sclerosis we increase permeability of blood brain barrier. (rojetechnologies.com)
• In 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates 4texperimental autoimmune encephalomielItis in C57BL/6 mice via polarization of T regulatory and T helper 2 cells and inhibiting T helper 17 subset Abstract: Introduction The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an animal model for human multiple sclerosis. (rojetechnologies.com)
• MSCs have been shown to improve experimental models of several autoimmune diseases including Type 1 Diabetes systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) [1-5]. (bio-cavagnou.info)
• Activation of innate immunity and deposition of blood-derived fibrin in the central nervous system (CNS) occur in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (stanford.edu)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), are autoimmune disorders resulting in demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). (drcalapai.com)
• In multiple sclerosis and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, both resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages contribute to demyelination as well as spontaneous remyelination. (ehu.eus)
• The major focus of the laboratory is to understand the mechanisms of demyelination, remyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and to develop therapeutic strategies that preserve myelin and axons in this disease. (postdocjobs.com)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination, axonal degeneration, and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive neurological disability. (medimstore.com)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. (dal.ca)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease and chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axonal loss and motor dysfunction. (oinpharma.pl)
• Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease. (ac.ir)
• Although MOG protein constitutes only 0.01-0.05% of the CNS myelin proteins, it is a major antigen candidate for inducing the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and PLP (Myelin Proteolipid Protein) may play similar functions. (synchrone.studio)
• Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant preclinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a central nervous system chronic inflammatory disease which leads to brain inflammation and demyelination. (biocytogen.com)
• Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an induced demyelinating disease model that closely resembles the progression and symptoms of the human neurological disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod was administered p.o. qd×14 beginning day 12 after MOG 35-55 emulsion. (biocytogen.com)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) bear a close pathological resemblance, each resembling the pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). (medscape.com)

Inflammation and demyelination3

• Preventive and therapeutic laquinimod treatment reduced clinical signs, inflammation, and demyelination. (nih.gov)
• There are several different animal models of MS. The EAE model is widely used because the pathological features of inflammation and demyelination induced in EAE is similar to that observed in MS disease. (biocytogen.com)
• Moreover, the effects of JQ1 and I-BET726 on EAE animals were further investigated, including the effects on alleviating clinical symptoms and inhibiting inflammation and demyelination in spinal cords via real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. (authorea.com)

Infiltration5

• Specific to autoimmune disease, a fasting-mimicking diet reduced immune cell infiltration and demyelination, according to a 2016 study in Cell Reports. (integrativepractitioner.com)
• This study reported that Nam reduced CD4 + T cell infiltration and demyelination 24 , but failed to identify the protective mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
• After 6 weeks of demyelination, extent of demyelination, oligodendrocyte density, microglia infiltration, and axonal damage were analyzed in the corpus callosum. (neurology.org)
• Local demyelination and Inflammatory leukocyte infiltration can be visualized by histopathological staining. (biocytogen.com)
• Moreover, they effectively inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 involved inflammatory changes in the spinal cords of EAE model, including inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. (authorea.com)

Areas of demyelination1

• The main characteristics of the disease are focal areas of demyelination and inflammation, however the pathogenesis is unclear. (mdbioproducts.com)

Remyelination1

• Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances remyelination following demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slices. (jamanetwork.com)

Neurodegeneration2

• B-lymphocytes may propagate demyelination and neurodegeneration, most likely by producing soluble neurotoxic factors. (frontiersin.org)
• Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)

Extensive plaque-like demyelination2

• MOG (35-55) is able to induce autoantibody production and relapsing-remitting neurological disease causing extensive plaque-like demyelination. (anaspec.com)
• A single injection of this peptide produces a relapsing-remitting neurologic disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination. (peptides.de)

Pathogenesis2

• More recently, the role of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model for human MS, has been challenged, and it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor T-bet (also known as Tbx21 ) is critical for controlling Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity 12 . (nature.com)
• This novel form of selective B cell unresponsiveness discriminates between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Ab responses to MOG and determines whether or not Ab-dependent effector mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse. (elsevierpure.com)

Mice14

• We investigated the effect of laquinimod on inflammatory demyelination, axonal damage, cytokine profiles and migratory capacities of lymphocytes in C57BL/6 mice with active EAE induced with MOG(35-55) peptide. (nih.gov)
• Autoantibody response to mouse PLP (139-151) has been observed in induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL, F1, and SWR mice strains. (mobitec.com)
• Vehicle-treated controls from C57BL/6J, TLR4 − / − , and MyD88 − / − mice displayed extensive callosal demyelination as well as microglial activation. (neurology.org)
• The demyelination score was significantly higher in all untreated mice compared to mice treated with laquinimod. (neurology.org)
• To further investigate whether myelin defects can cause plaque deposition, they induced acute demyelination in 5xFAD mice by feeding them Cuprizone. (biologists.com)
• Although this copper chelator could possibly interfere with plaque formation, Cuprizone-treated mice showed a substantial increase of amyloid aggregates in regions of strong demyelination. (biologists.com)
• Similarly, induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) - a model for chronic immune-mediated myelin loss - caused the formation of amyloid plaques in the spinal cord of 5xFAD mice. (biologists.com)
• Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced mice with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (rojetechnologies.com)
• Hespiridin alleviates Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice via regulating Treg and T helper 2 polarizations. (rojetechnologies.com)
• In the non- T cell mediated cuprizone model of demyelination MSC administration had a positive effect with an overall increase in myelin abundance in the brain of MSC-treated mice compared to controls. (bio-cavagnou.info)
• We propose that MOG-induced EAE in H-2b/s mice may show as a useful model in studying mechanisms, which govern autoimmune-induced preferential loss of MAG, and its impact on oligodendroglial pathology. (ap26113.com)
• In mice, susceptibility to EAE is determined by H-2 restricted autoimmune responses to immunodominant epitopes of myelin proteins. (ap26113.com)
• Neurological deficits in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are typically scored using a clinical scale (CS) with 5-10 levels of ascending paralysis and impaired gait. (dal.ca)
• A well-established animal model of MS is Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS mostly induced in mice and rats. (synchrone.studio)

Murine model1

• As zero-fiber diets have been associated with exacerbated disease in inflammatory disease models, we investigated dietary fiber's impact on the murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (ubc.ca)

Lesions4

• MS is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS causing focal lesions in white and gray matter, 1 , 2 which are pathologically characterized by inflammation, demyelination, microglial activation, astrogliosis, and axonal injury. (neurology.org)
• A computed tomographic scan on day 15 showed brain edema and multiple inflammatory/demyelination lesions in the subcortical white matter of both hemispheres and within the brain thalami, capsulae internae, midbrain, and pons. (cdc.gov)
• We sought to answer if types of demyelination in acute lesions during onset and relapse of EAE can replicate the specific patterns observed in MS acute lesions. (ap26113.com)
• In patients with MS, autoimmune mediated inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage are commonly found within CNS lesions. (ap26113.com)

Neurological2

• Inflammatory demyelination initiates axonal dysfunction and/or loss, especially in Rabbit Polyclonal to CLK4 relapsing-remitting MS. Damage and subsequent loss of C-DIM12 axonal cytoskeletal neurofilaments correlates directly with neurological disability in MS [5]. (ap26113.com)
• Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 76 - 100, a minor component of CNS myelin, is expressed in central nervous system myelin which produces a relapsing-remitting neurological diesease with extensive plague-like demyelination. (peptides.de)

Acute disseminated ence2

• We report the autopsy findings for a 45-year-old man with polyradiculoneuropathy and fatal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after having Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating condition that predominately affects the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. (medscape.com)

Axonal degeneration1

• MS is usually a debilitating central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease that consists of CNS-directed inflammation demyelination and axonal degeneration. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Inflammatory disease1

• Most researchers regard MS as a primary inflammatory disease, in which demyelination and tissue injury is driven by immune mediated mechanisms throughout all different stages and in all different courses ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Oligodendrocyte6

• Activity of this promoter served as surrogate for dynamics of the cytoskeleton gene transcription through recording of in vivo bioluminescence following diphtheria toxin-induced oligodendrocyte death and autoimmune demyelination. (biomedcentral.com)
• Experimental demyelinating setups augmented oligodendrocyte-specific in vivo bioluminescence. (biomedcentral.com)
• Increase in bioluminescence upon autoimmune inflammation was parallel to an oligodendrocyte-specific increased transcription of β-tubulin. (biomedcentral.com)
• To test whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a key role for reduced nuclear factor B (NF-κB) activation after laquinimod treatment in the model of cuprizone-induced demyelination, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and axonal damage. (neurology.org)
• Autoantibodies directed against conformation-dependent epitopes of the extracellular domain of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(Igd)) play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (elsevierpure.com)
• The effects of exogenously applied CDP-choline were tested in murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (feedabrain.com)

Induces2

• A Chlamydia pneumoniae -specific peptide induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. (weeksmd.com)
• MOG 76 - 100 peptide is an immunodominant epitope of MOG that induces strong T and B cell responses and Induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rodents. (peptides.de)

Perivascular2

• A) Subcortical cerebral white matter with numerous perivascular foci of demyelination and necrosis (hematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification ×40). (cdc.gov)
• An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. (bvsalud.org)

Disorders2

• Experience in myelin disorders or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a plus. (postdocjobs.com)
• Also, see the Autoimmune Disorders: Making Sense of Nonspecific Symptoms slideshow to help identify several diseases that can cause a variety of nonspecific symptoms. (medscape.com)

Treatment of autoimmune2

• Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
• These results highlight the potential variability of MSCs as a Desacetylnimbin biologic therapeutic tool in the treatment of autoimmune disease and the need for further investigation into the multifaceted functions of MSCs in diverse microenvironments and the mechanisms behind the diversity. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Diseases3

• In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)
• JQ1 and I-BET726, new inhibitors of BET proteins, have potential therapeutic benefit for autoimmune diseases (AD). (authorea.com)
• Our results indicate that JQ1 and I-BET726 possess therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases by adjusting innate and adaptive immune response, indicating that BET bromodomain might be potential molecular targets for autoimmune disease therapy. (authorea.com)

Cuprizone1

• and non-T cell mediated settings using the MOG35-55 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone-mediated demyelination models respectively. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Chronic1

• The chronic effect of demyelination on spatial memory, movement, and coordination was investigated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and clinical and balance beam tests, respectively. (ac.ir)

Model7

• Neuroprotection was not limited to models of demyelination, but was also observed in another mouse model of axonal damage (that is, kainic acid injection) and detected in cultured neurons after knockdown of Xpo1, the gene encoding CRM1. (nih.gov)
• An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease. (nih.gov)
• Our previous studies in a model of murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) revealed demyelination of cerebral cortex subpial areas together with an increased number of OPCs and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) breakdown (2,3). (fupress.net)
• Although no animal model thus far establishes all facets of human MS, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) represents the model most studied for the disease. (mdbioproducts.com)
• Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model, extensively used to gain better understanding into mechanisms of autoimmune mediated inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. (ap26113.com)
• Aim The aim of this study was to compare morphometric, histological, and functional changes in the demyelination model in both sexes. (ac.ir)
• In this study, we explored the effects of JQ1 and I-BET726 on innate and adaptive immunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model to investigate the mechanism and therapeutic benefit for AD. (authorea.com)

Onset1

• Oral administration of reversible CRM1 inhibitors in preclinical murine models of demyelination significantly attenuated disease progression, even when started after the onset of paralysis. (nih.gov)

Subpial1

• Subpial demyelination underlying meningeal infiltrations also occurs, which is also a feature of ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED . (nih.gov)

Cell mediated1

• Tr1 cell-mediated protection against autoimmune disease by intranasal administration of a fusion protein targeting cDC1 cells. (mdbioproducts.com)

Disease2

• A growing body of research supports the idea that fasting and fasting-mimicking diets support cancer treatment, induce stem cell activation, and can be an integral component in addressing autoimmune disease. (integrativepractitioner.com)
• We found that CDP-choline ameliorated the disease course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and exerted beneficial effects on myelin, oligodendrocytes and axons. (feedabrain.com)

Encephalitis1

• The prominence of perivenular round cell inflammation in either illness is a feature that is shared with many forms of encephalitis, but patchy demyelination with preservation of axon cylinders and the prominence of microglial cells in the inflammatory exudate are not. (medscape.com)

Injection1

• Demyelination was induced by the injection of ethidium bromide in the ventricular region. (ac.ir)

Symptoms2

• This genetic control of autoimmune-induced encephalitogenic responses impact clinical symptoms, immunopathology and histopathology of EAE, and its similarities with the clinical course and histopathology of MS. Subsequently four distinct patterns, suggestive of different, specific underlying immune regulatory mechanisms have been proposed in MS [1]. (ap26113.com)
• MS is considered an autoimmune disorder caused by auto-reactive T cells with symptoms including muscle stiffness and paralysis, visual disturbances and blindness, sensory loss, and ataxia. (biocytogen.com)

Macrophages1

• In vivo reprogramming of macrophages using pro-resolving factors to resolve experimental CNS inflammation. (mdbioproducts.com)

Rats1

• Materials and methods In this experimental study, male and female Wistar rats were studied in four experimental groups. (ac.ir)

Disability1

• Myelin-specific T cells are activated in the periphery, migrate through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS and are reactivated, triggering a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to demyelination and axon cell death, and ultimately to nerve injury and disability. (biocytogen.com)