• It is with this motto he defends the importance of psychodrama and group psychotherapy in the modern world, where psychopharmacology and neurology undo borders. (pravda.ru)
  • According to Doctor Altenfelder, mental illness is curable and the path is not only through medication: group psychotherapy and psychodrama are the links found in the past for modern psychiatry. (pravda.ru)
  • It provides organizational news, research reports, perspectives and opinions about matters that pertain to group psychotherapy, letters to the Editor, and original feature articles in a visually exciting format. (agpa.org)
  • AGPA membership is open to all mental health professionals and students who have an interest in the practice of group psychotherapy. (agpa.org)
  • The Group Circle seeks articles that can help readers better understand group psychotherapy issues, including dealing with specific client populations. (agpa.org)
  • Readers are looking for tools that help them solve problems and achieve new levels of understanding about group psychotherapy and trends in the field. (agpa.org)
  • When you refer to an association, corporation, or business for the first time, use its full name, followed by its acronym in parenthesis, for example: the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA). (agpa.org)
  • Empirical Research on Group Psychotherapy 10. (routledge.com)
  • He has trained as a psychoanalyst and group analyst and is a founding member of the Institute of Group Analysis and Group Psychotherapy in Norway, where he was a training analyst for many years. (routledge.com)
  • Expressive forms of psychodynamic psychotherapy is contraindicated in the treatment of some mental illnesses and should not be used to treat all kinds of mental illness. (brownpapertickets.com)
  • Professor Steinar Lorentzen is a man of immense experience in both established and still emerging theories of psychodynamic psychotherapy. (routledge.com)
  • Semester 7 and semester 9 start with seminars aiming to provide the future psychologists with specialised knowledge of theories and methods of psychodynamic psychotherapy. (lu.se)
  • You'll be encouraged to become a reflective practitioner and increase your awareness and theoretical understanding of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. (derby.ac.uk)
  • You will also study the major trends and orientations within cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. (derby.ac.uk)
  • The best results were obtained by combined treatment based on cognitive and behavioural psychotherapy, hypnosis, and autogenic training as its major components. (positivehealth.com)
  • The course aims to enable the students to perform psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural psychotherapy under supervision, and to apply psychotherapeutic methods firmly based in relevant theories and psychotherapy research to the treatment. (lu.se)
  • In most types of psychotherapy, as well as counseling, a person discusses his or her problems one-on-one with a therapist. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Kara's internal psychotherapy services are provided by therapist associates who have excellent clinical training as well as a depth of knowledge and experience in helping clients deal with complex issues of grief and loss. (kara-grief.org)
  • In psychotherapy, the patient and therapist explore a territory where the patient is both the expert and a wary stranger. (baltimorepsych.com)
  • Presented in three parts, Focused Group Analytic Psychotherapy clearly introduces the therapeutic approach, fully explores all the elements involved, from considering suitable patients to composing the group and the role of the therapist, and provides an in-depth examination of clinical quality assurance, research and the integration of supervision. (routledge.com)
  • If you're a caring professional who would like to develop expertise in evidence-based psychotherapy, this course is for you. (derby.ac.uk)
  • Adding 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as ecstasy, to intensive psychotherapy can significantly mitigate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), new research confirms. (medscape.com)
  • One month after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, 43% of patients no longer met criteria for PTSD, and 12 months after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, 76% of participants no longer had PTSD, according to results of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated phase 2 clinical trial. (medscape.com)
  • The long-term results are the most significant finding from this latest trial, the largest ever completed of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD," Brad Burge, director of strategic communications for the nonprofit Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), which funded the study, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • The finding that about three quarters of participants no longer had PTSD a full year after receiving their last treatment with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy suggests that the treatment is not just ameliorating symptoms and is instead addressing the root cause of PTSD - specifically, a person's inner relationship with their past traumatic experiences," said Burge. (medscape.com)
  • The course of double-blind treatment included 13.5 hours of nondrug psychotherapy and 16 hours (two day-long sessions) of either full-dose or low-dose MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • After completing the initial double-blind portion of the study, patients who initially received active-dose MDMA received a third day-long session with active-dose MDMA and 4.5 additional hours of nondrug psychotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Patients initially assigned to the low-dose control group then received three day-long active-dose MDMA sessions and 18 additional hours of nondrug psychotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • The primary outcome was change in total scores on the the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-IV (CAPS-IV) 1 month after the second session of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Since 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy shows promise as a treatment for other anxiety disorders, a blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted. (erowid.org)
  • To explore feasibility and safety of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for reduction of social fear and avoidance that are common in the autistic population. (erowid.org)
  • This pilot trial demonstrated rapid and durable improvement in social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults following MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. (erowid.org)
  • A recent placebo-controlled study of participants with treatment-resistant PTSD showed that 85% of those in the MDMA group (compared with 15% in the placebo group) no longer had a diagnosis of PTSD after three sessions of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. (cambridge.org)
  • Reference Mithoefer, Wagner, Mithoefer, Jerome, Martin and Yazar-Klosinski 3 A subsequent Swiss MDMA study demonstrated substantial improvements for treatment-resistant PTSD. (cambridge.org)
  • The study of CPT+MDMA is the second in a series of pilot studies to test evidence-based PTSD treatments with MDMA and to demonstrate proof of concept that these interventions can be combined. (fundrazr.com)
  • This study also seeks to demonstrate the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of MDMA administration. (fundrazr.com)
  • 2013). Additionally, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has demonstrated large decreases in PTSD symptoms across several studies (Mithoefer et al. (fundrazr.com)
  • Today, the overall results of six Phase 2 clinical trials of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were published in the peer-reviewed journal Psychopharmacology . (maps.org)
  • The paper is the most comprehensive analysis yet published of research into the efficacy and safety of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. (maps.org)
  • In the published analysis, the course of double-blind treatment included two eight-hour MDMA-assisted psychotherapy sessions spaced three to five weeks apart, combined with weekly non-drug psychotherapy sessions. (maps.org)
  • Based on these results, in August 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD, acknowledging that it "may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies" and agreeing to expedite its development and review. (maps.org)
  • The first of two Phase 3 clinical trials of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD began enrolling participants in November 2018, and will enroll 100-150 volunteers across 15 sites in the U.S., Canada, and Israel. (maps.org)
  • Once approved, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy will be available by prescription in supervised therapeutic settings from specially trained mental health providers. (maps.org)
  • Longer duration of psychotherapy is associated with improved outcomes ( Sherman and McRae-Clark, 2016 ). (nature.com)
  • Randomized controlled trials and longer-term outcomes are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of MBT in PNES. (nih.gov)
  • In the intent-to-treat (ITT) set, the active-dose groups demonstrated the largest reduction in PTSD symptoms at the primary endpoint. (medscape.com)
  • A crucial part of Beaumont's spiritual psychotherapy practice, this method has helped many of his clients release and resolve profound tensions, and offers hope to readers recovering from trauma or PTSD, or simply trying to navigate life's difficulties. (northatlanticbooks.com)
  • Resick, Monson, & Chard, 2016), a 12-session protocol-based psychotherapy, is one of the treatments with the best evidence for healing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to date. (fundrazr.com)
  • CBCT for PTSD has demonstrated decreases in PTSD symptoms, increases in relationship satisfaction and improved partner functioning in numerous trials (e.g. (fundrazr.com)
  • Results demonstrated a significant change in one-half the veterans, with treatment-resistant PTSD receiving 3MDR. (cpa-apc.org)
  • In 2016, the Swiss Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy published a short position paper with recommendations regarding the professional relationship between psychiatrists and psychologists in this arrangement [6]. (smw.ch)
  • None of the other therapies have had their efficacy adequately demonstrated. (karger.com)
  • If the Phase 3 trials demonstrate significant efficacy and an acceptable safety profile, FDA approval is expected by 2021. (maps.org)
  • In recent years, several studies have shown the efficacy of specific forms of psychotherapy in treating depression, anxiety, and other disorders. (baltimorepsych.com)
  • The Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA) honours the sacred land and traditional territories upon which our staff, members, advocates and partners live, work, play, and learn. (ccpa-accp.ca)
  • In therapeutic practices such as psychotherapy and counselling, however, the revelation and disclosure of personal thoughts and emotional conflicts is at the very heart of the process. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Existential Psychotherapy is a book about existential psychotherapy by the American psychiatrist Irvin D. Yalom, in which the author, addressing clinical practitioners, offers a brief and pragmatic introduction to European existential philosophy, as well as to existential approaches to psychotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bioenergetic analysis and body therapies are in the mix, Jungian approaches continue, and allied to it, Transpersonal Psychotherapy weaves in spirituality, Finally, existential approaches on the right continue to have a voice. (blatner.com)
  • However, in contrast to psychotherapy, psychotherapy training methods are rarely the subject of empirical research (e. g. (researchgate.net)
  • Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of concepts, major theories, empirical research and applications in developmental psychology, intelligence, and social psychology. (studiesabroad.com)
  • Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of concepts, major theories, empirical research and applications in personality, stress and health, abnormal behaviour and psychotherapy. (studiesabroad.com)
  • He offers explanations on its widespread omission in the theory and practice of psychotherapy - in particular also by Sigmund Freud who saw it as a mere disguise for a deeper source of concern. (wikipedia.org)
  • The course is designed to provide an understanding of the theory and practice of Child Art Psychotherapy. (ucd.ie)
  • The goal of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Youth Outcome Questionnaire 2.01, an instrument that seeks to evaluate the process and outcome of psychotherapy with children and adolescents from the perspective of the parents or legal guardians. (bvsalud.org)
  • People often seek psychotherapy when they have tried other approaches, like counseling, to solving a personal problem. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Of course it does to varying degrees, but the point here is that adults can re-discover more mature coping approaches even without having recourse to psychotherapy. (blatner.com)
  • The Mayo Clinic conducts weekly psychotherapy case consultations with all primary care psychotherapy providers and monthly psychotherapy training seminars on specific evidence-based approaches, which helps to prevent the tendency for providers to drift back to therapy practices that may not be effective. (medscape.com)
  • The topics addressed are the different phases of psychotherapy, functional and cognitive analysis and case description, a treatment plan, therapeutic interventions, the therapeutic process, the professional approach and the therapeutic interaction in the meeting with a client, and issues of ethics and accountability. (lu.se)
  • The Mayo Clinic's Integrated Behavioral Health psychotherapy program, which is embedded in the system's primary care settings, focuses on providing short-term, evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in one to 10 sessions. (medscape.com)
  • Demonstrating how therapists can integrate this more spiritual approach into their practices, Beaumont highlights the particular successes of the innovative family constellations therapy. (northatlanticbooks.com)
  • Culture, Psychotherapy, and Counseling is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on counseling and psychotherapy focusing on culture in the fields of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Social Work, and Psychiatry. (sagepub.com)
  • You will likely have to take an examination (or several) demonstrating your knowledge in psychology and psychotherapy theory before becoming licensed. (goodtherapy.org)
  • In psychology, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates just how pivotal the expression of personal thoughts and feelings can be to maintaining our emotional health. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Psychoanalysis has been called a "first" force in American psychotherapy, and Behaviorism, discussed in Part 2, arising from academic psychology, a second force. (blatner.com)
  • Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder occurring in children or preteens who demonstrate defiant, angry, and argumentative behavior. (mentalhealth.com)
  • Psychotherapy is the treatment of individuals with emotional problems, behavioral problems, or mental illness primarily through verbal communication. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • One of the most important figures in the behavioral sciences was Carl Rogers, a product of the midwest who developed the most widely practiced approach in psychotherapy--widely practiced by mainly non-psychiatrists, by schoolcounselors, pastoral counselors, and many other disciplines which, as you remember from one of my early slides, far outnumber psychiatrists. (blatner.com)
  • Behavioral psychotherapy is often successful when used in conjunction with an effective medication regimen. (medscape.com)
  • Studies have demonstrated that stimulant therapy for ADHD in children and adolescents does not increase the risk for future substance use or abuse. (medscape.com)
  • The Vasarhelyi method of child art psychotherapy: an adjunctive treatment in childhood depression. (ucd.ie)
  • With the use of an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits this enzyme, scientists have achieved a significant reduction of seizures in rats, demonstrating that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs may be an important coadjuvant therapy in humans with frequent and uncontrolled seizures. (pravda.ru)
  • This course forms the didactic core for the Advanced Fellowship in Mindfulness and Psychotherapy at the CHA Center for Mindfulness and Compassion affiliated with the Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry - the first such professional advanced clinical fellowship for training of mental health professionals associated with a major medical school. (meditationandpsychotherapy.org)
  • A statement by the Swiss Society of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy sets forth several recommendations, leaving a large latitude to psychiatrists regarding how they organise and work with psychologists, emphasising case-specific settlement [6]. (smw.ch)
  • Its multiple and varied effects make the drug a good candidate for facilitating psychotherapy - especially for patients with post-traumatic symptoms, in which helping the patient to reach a position of empathic understanding and compassionate regard is part of their resolution and remittance of symptoms. (cambridge.org)
  • BOZHKO and TIUVINA from Russia studied and evaluation non-drug therapies, including psychotherapy, herbal medicine and acupuncture, in patients with neurotic anxiety disorders. (positivehealth.com)
  • Patients of the control group received psychotherapy alone. (positivehealth.com)
  • The study has demonstrated relatively high efficiency of non-medicamentous therapies in the patients with neurotic anxiety disorders. (positivehealth.com)
  • Peppered with examples and vignettes from carefully designed research by the author and others, the chapters demonstrate how this approach can be used in group therapy with patients facing specific psychological problems, symptomatic distress and/or a problematic relationship to self or others. (routledge.com)
  • 4. Evaluation of Patients for Focused Group Analytic Psychotherapy (FGAP) 5. (routledge.com)
  • Sur une période d'un an (avril 2014 à mars 2015), tous les patients souffrant de dépendance aux drogues ayant été transférés en vue d'un traitement et consultant pour la première fois dans cette structure ont été inclus dans l'étude (n=242). (who.int)
  • As an outgrowth of the success of The Callahan Techniques', tapping as treatment on the acupuncture meridians has continued, and has been incorporated into other acupuncture meridian based psychotherapies (e.g. (emofree.com)
  • They were offered the following methods of non-medicamentous therapy: psychotherapy, phytotherapy, and reflexotherapy (acupuncture). (positivehealth.com)
  • When peer support is not sufficient to address a client's needs, Kara offers referrals to psychotherapy, either through Kara's internal psychotherapy program or through external resources. (kara-grief.org)
  • While there are no clearly efficacious medication treatments for CUD, 20 years of committed and high-quality research in the human laboratory and clinical settings have resulted in medications with demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal, the ability to reduce cannabis use, and results that point to promising future work. (nature.com)
  • Some individuals improved with therapy alone and others did better with a combination of medication and psychotherapy. (baltimorepsych.com)
  • New York, Oct. 24, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NEW YORK -- The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation is hosting a free interactive webinar on "Integrating Virtual Reality into Psychotherapy for Anxious Youth" on Tuesday, November 12, 2019, from 2pm to 3pm ET. (globenewswire.com)
  • CBT practitioners who can demonstrate they meet our standards of education, training, supervision, work experience and other areas of personal development can apply to become accredited. (babcp.com)
  • 1. Participants will be able to demonstrate a basic, theoretical understanding of unconscious mental processes. (brownpapertickets.com)
  • Psychotherapy in the Wake of War presents the ways in which differing views of various psychoanalytic schools and traditions -spanning developments for more than one hundred years- may affect theoretical and technical issues in psychoanalytic treatments. (rowman.com)
  • Culture, Psychotherapy, and Counseling: Critical and Integrative Perspectives takes a comprehensive approach to culture as it relates to psychological practice. (sagepub.com)
  • By viewing psychotherapy and counseling as science-based cultural enterprises, this book expands the understanding of culture in terms of the politics of identity, symbolic and practice meanings, moral ontology, and global realities. (sagepub.com)
  • Throughout the book, the authors critically examine the social and moral implications of psychotherapy and counseling, including applying feminist and hermeneutic perspectives to the therapeutic enterprise. (sagepub.com)
  • Today the distinction between psychotherapy and counseling is quite blurred, and many mental health professionals use the terms interchangeably. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Psychotherapy differs in two ways from counseling or from the informal help or advice that one person may give another. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Psychotherapy or counseling? (benjaminbarber.org)
  • In this workshop, we will show video vignettes and demonstrate 3MDR to attendees, allowing experience-based learning about the intervention, including the virtual reality supported immersive environment, treadmill walking, dual task processing, memory reconsolidation, and meaning making. (cpa-apc.org)
  • Our digitally enriched outpatient clinics (DOCs) using smartphone apps for videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP) and personal data monitoring aim to augment established evidence-based treatment protocols. (intechopen.com)
  • Because of this, recent interest and promising studies utilizing technology to provide adherent psychotherapy demonstrates a role in the treatment of CUD ( Tait et al, 2013 ). (nature.com)
  • At one time the term psychotherapy referred to a form of psychiatric treatment used with severely disturbed individuals. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Psychotherapy is an important form of treatment for many kinds of psychological problems. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • The psychiatric-mental health nursing scope of practice specifically encompasses the treatment of all substance use, including tobacco use, and thus uniquely places psychiatric nurses to demonstrate leadership in role modeling, teaching evidence-based TUD treatment, and engaging in innovative TUD treatment strategies. (apna.org)
  • Psychotherapy was the first-line treatment while phytotherapy and reflexotherapy were used as adjuvant modalities. (positivehealth.com)
  • It was shown that psychotherapy not only provides a solid basis for application of the second treatment modality but can also be used as a self-contained method. (positivehealth.com)
  • In this workshop, we will introduce, demonstrate, and present evidence for an innovative treatment: multimodal motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR). (cpa-apc.org)
  • The Vasarhelyi Method of Child Art Psychotherapy in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a stakeholder survey of clinical supervisors. (ucd.ie)
  • 4. Participants will be able to demonstrate the use of derivative communication clinically by examining its use and value in a specific clinical case. (brownpapertickets.com)
  • 4) during two 8-h psychotherapy sessions (experimental sessions) in a controlled clinical setting. (erowid.org)
  • Experience in teaching psychotherapy and assessment courses of a clinical program is preferred. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • This practical text lays out a new form of focused, time-limited group analytic psychotherapy, built on new and existing research, and integrating clinical experience from across the field. (routledge.com)
  • He has published book chapters, two books and numerous papers on different clinical psychiatric issues, with a particular focus on psychotherapy, psychodynamic groups and group analysis. (routledge.com)
  • Focused Group Analytic Psychotherapy (FGAP) combines decades of clinical wisdom with rigorous research to inform beginning and advanced clinicians. (routledge.com)
  • This extends beyond clinical work into the large, often untilled, fields of data accumulation and research, especially into the discipline that he has developed, that of Focused Group-Analytic Psychotherapy (FGAP). (routledge.com)
  • Since the beginning of 2018, certain health insurance companies in Switzerland have systematically investigated how so-called delegated psychotherapy is performed in psychiatric practice [1]. (smw.ch)
  • 2. Participants will be able to discuss the "frame" of psychotherapy and indications that the frame frequently motivates unconsious reactions. (brownpapertickets.com)
  • The patient was selected from a group of research participants who demonstrated elevated electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trapezius muscle in response to simulated occupational stressors. (cdc.gov)
  • Psychotherapy can be a valuable tool for identifying, understanding and changing self-defeating behavior. (baltimorepsych.com)
  • A growing body of research findings has demonstrated the many benefits of the human-animal bond. (alamosanews.com)
  • The same issues with in person delivery in terms of success rates appear to apply to technologically delivered psychotherapy, in addition to being a nascent field requiring further research and the development of interfaces with larger scale implementation capabilities. (nature.com)
  • Successful candidate must demonstrate active and productive research and publications. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Other research, led by psychologist Dr. James Pennebaker and others, has demonstrated the positive effects of "self-disclosure," a term defined as revealing personal information on health and well-being. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Some insurance agencies have also demanded that fees be back-paid when they suspect that a psychiatrist did not personally see a patient but delegated a psychotherapy [2, 3]. (smw.ch)
  • As mentioned previously, some insurers expect a back-payment if they assume delegated psychotherapy is occurring without an examination by a psychiatrist. (smw.ch)
  • Therefore, the main point of dispute is not whether a psychiatrist has personally examined a patient at the beginning of psychotherapy, but how the supervisory role of psychiatrists is defined. (smw.ch)
  • Following 8 sessions of voice therapy that focused on the reduction of supraglottic muscle tension, the patient now demonstrates improved glottic closure in the absence of false vocal fold adduction. (medscape.com)
  • We'll encourage you to adopt an informed and critical approach to the professionalisation of psychotherapy, with a particular focus on ethical issues. (derby.ac.uk)
  • However, it has been well documented that placebo effects can obscure those of active conditions, even for treatments that were eventually demonstrated to be effective. (jneurosci.org)
  • Child Art Psychotherapy is a therapy for children with mental health difficulties, where the child is supported to explore and process areas causing distress in his/her life through the medium of art. (ucd.ie)
  • The multidisciplinary intervention consisted of 8 physical therapy sessions, supplemented by 8 stress management sessions that included EMG biofeedback and psychotherapy to facilitate muscle relaxation. (cdc.gov)
  • The topics addressed are the different phases of psychotherapy, diagnostics based on psychodynamic models, the relationship and process of therapy, the professional approach and the therapeutic interaction in the meeting with a client, and issues of ethics and accountability. (lu.se)
  • Child Art Psychotherapy is internationally accepted as a method to treat children who have mental health difficulties, with child art psychotherapists frequently employed in Child and Adolescent Mental Health inpatient and outpatient settings in the UK. (ucd.ie)
  • A specific method of Child Art Psychotherapy which was developed for use in Child and Adolescent Mental Health teams is taught, known as the Vasarhelyi method of Child Art Psychotherapy. (ucd.ie)
  • The writing style reflects the complexity of multicultural topics as a positive feature, demonstrated in many specific examples. (sagepub.com)
  • Delegated psychotherapy is a specific form of work in which psychotherapists (psychologists) are employed by psychiatrists but practice autonomously, while all legal and professional responsibilities lie with the psychiatrists [4, 5]. (smw.ch)
  • In the most recent legal case regarding delegated psychotherapy, the Swiss Federal Court decided that psychiatrists must have a sufficiently intensive contact with the patient, which should be adapted to specific situation [8]. (smw.ch)