• These emissions often contain much larger percentages of combustion by-products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the initial petroleum products. (cdc.gov)
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which include carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and metals, are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. (niituniversity.in)
  • The purpose of this project is to develop approaches by which the factor(s) that limit the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be identified and, eventually, overcome. (nih.gov)
  • and accumulation of products of incomplete metabolism that may inhibit the degradation of one or more of the PAHs. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, researchers are quantifying rates of degradation of high-molecular weight PAHs by bacteria isolated from a variety of contaminated soils and the effect of other PAHs in mixtures on these rates. (nih.gov)
  • It is used in detecting contamination of PAHs and as a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for determination of the factors that affect bioavailability, rate of microbial degradation and biodegradation potential of PAHs in the environment [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • in a consortium as a successful Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrader. (sdewes.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that are released into the environment during activities of the petroleum industry. (researchgate.net)
  • Within PyOM, the metabolism of specific chemistries differed strongly between unlimited and oxygen-limited conditions - degradations of anhydrosugars, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were more favorable under oxygen limitation than other molecules. (copernicus.org)
  • Mueller A. , Ulrich N., Hollmann J., Zapata-Sanchez, C. E, Rolle-Kampczyk U. E, von Bergen, M . "Characterization of a multianalyte GC-MS/MS procedure for detecting and quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives from air particulate matter for an improved risk assessment" (2019). (ufz.de)
  • This view is supported by research demonstrating that they contain toxic chemicals within their structure and also adsorb additional chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from the environment. (researchgate.net)
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
  • In this paper, the high temperature (65-75°C) biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is investigated and kinetic parameters are derived. (iwaponline.com)
  • It is shown that efficient phenol biodegradation is essential for high temperature hydrocarbon degradation because some microorganisms tend to transform phenols into polyphenols which are very inhibitory for microbial growth. (iwaponline.com)
  • In a separate experiment the influence of the hydrocarbon droplet size on the biodegradation is investigated at 70°C using a newly isolated Thermus sp. (iwaponline.com)
  • Hydrocarbon biodegradation rates and the development of oil-degrading bacterial communities likely depend on the oil's composition and environmental conditions. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons using Fe(III) ligands. (umass.edu)
  • 2% aromatics, demonstrated a high extent of biodegradation in seawater following a standard OECD test guideline, which suggests that it has the potential to rapidly biodegrade in the marine environment. (europa.eu)
  • However, their role during the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons is not well understood. (bl.uk)
  • The study indicated that acid activated clays, organoclays, untreated kaolinite, K-bentonite, Zn-bentonite and Cr-bentonite were inhibitory to biodegradation of the hydrocarbons, via different mechanisms, whereas Ca-bentonite and Fe-bentonite were stimulatory to biodegradation with about 80% removal of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) due to biodegradation. (bl.uk)
  • The 'local bridging effect' and polarization of the interlayer water were identified as two opposing influences arising from the interlayer cations of clay minerals that probably determine the extent of biodegradation of the hydrocarbons. (bl.uk)
  • Adsorption of hydrocarbons was significant during biodegradation especially with unmodified palygorskite, Zn-bentonite and K-bentonite as each of them caused more than 40% removal of TPH by adsorption in the experimental microcosm containing 5:1 ratio (w/w) of clay to oil. (bl.uk)
  • Oil bioremediation is limited by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorous which are needed by the bacteria and are not present in sufficient amounts for the biodegradation of the spilled hydrocarbons. (ijabbr.com)
  • Libraries will be screened for single genes or gene clusters involved in the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated munitions compounds, chlorinated solvents, and synthetic azo dyes. (uidaho.edu)
  • Based on the complexity of the degradation pathways, the phenomenon of biodegradation is categorized into two types: convergent and divergent modes of degradation (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microbial degradation of organic compounds. (research.com)
  • Contamination of ground waters with water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow. (umass.edu)
  • Measuring radioactive marked Flu and Py in brittlestars and polychaetes and microbial degradation of Flu and Py in sediment. (amap.no)
  • The main aim of this research project was to investigate the capabilities of the various forms and types of clay minerals in supporting the microbial degradation of crude oil hydrocarbons so as to gain better understanding of their potential role in the bioremediation of oil polluted sites. (bl.uk)
  • Bacteria play an important role in the microbial degradation of oil, chlorinated hydrocarbons, fuel additives, and many other compounds. (ijabbr.com)
  • Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective Microbiol Rev,(45): 180-209. (ijabbr.com)
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • Bacterial density correlated positively with alkane degradation but not with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • In addition, analysis on culture dependent and culture independent bacteria were done, which might play a vital role in the degradation of the non-degradable compounds. (ispub.com)
  • However, the optimization of operational parameters is vital to avoid degradation of macromolecules and the oxidation of labile compounds. (mdpi.com)
  • The process of adsorption of aromatic compounds in the crude oil was believed to take place via cation-π interactions. (bl.uk)
  • This leads to globally significant environmental pollution, as oil contains hazardous compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can have toxic or mutagenic effects on organisms. (detlef-stein.de)
  • Abstract Water samples were collected monthly from five stations along the middle part of Shatt Al Arab river during the low tide period from December , 2012 to November , 2013 to determine the concentrations , distribution and sources of hydrocarbons compounds in water samples. (docslib.org)
  • Long term exposure to hydrocarbon compounds can cause various disturbances in human life in terms of comfort and health (Azhari et al , 2011). (docslib.org)
  • a large amount of aromatic and heavy asphalthenic substances , while organisms mostly contain n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms , a least amount of aromatic compounds , and no asphalthenic substances (Ali et al. (docslib.org)
  • The aims of the present study are to determine the concentrations of different hydrocarbon fractions in water , and to identify the major sources of hydrocarbons compounds in water to give baseline data for further work, and to evaluate the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab river. (docslib.org)
  • They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioremediation, which utilizes the microbial metabolic potential of the degrading microorganisms, has come up as an efficient and cost-effective means of large scale removal of these compounds in comparison to the physico-chemical means of bioremediation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of incomplete oxidation, small amounts of hydrocarbon emissions result. (cdc.gov)
  • The amount of oxygen consumed by the microorganisms from oxidation of the test substance was monitored by an automated respirometer during a 28-day testing period. (europa.eu)
  • Our investigations using radioactively labeled hydrocarbons or a radioactively labeled amino acid showed that the highest rates of microbial hydrocarbon oxidation and protein synthesis occurred in the oil microcosms treated with rhamnolipid," says Prof. Lu Lu, who previously worked at the University of Tübingen and now works at the China West Normal University. (detlef-stein.de)
  • Hydrocarbon oxidation by a bacterial enzyme system: I. Products of octane oxidation. (ijabbr.com)
  • Here we report that adding organic ligands that bind to Fe(III) dramatically increases its bioavailability, and that in the presence of these ligands, rates of degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic aquifer sediments are comparable to those in oxic sediments. (umass.edu)
  • The main purpose was the bacterial growth of Paracoccus, Alcanivorax venustensis and Alcanivorax borkumensis in hydrocarbon and oil substrates and thus their degradation. (tuc.gr)
  • Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the solubility of naphthalene is increased by a factor of about ten if the temperature is increased from 20 to 75°C. This effect is essential to increase the bioavailability of sparingly soluble hydrocarbons. (iwaponline.com)
  • Biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms and can increase the bioavailability of oil components. (detlef-stein.de)
  • Mathew and Amund [ 10 , 11 ] reported 91.7% and 51% anthrance degradation by Microcccus luteus and Pseudomonas cetronellolis from crude oil polluted environment respectively. (omicsonline.org)
  • This is because special microorganisms that are widespread in nature can feed on crude oil components and break them down into harmless substances. (detlef-stein.de)
  • This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation, toluene and xylene degradation, naphthalene and anthracene degradation, and styrene degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthracene is a tricyclic poly aromatic hydrocarbon which is characterized by a three fused benzene ring. (omicsonline.org)
  • Treatments using bottom water inoculated with unfiltered surface water incubated at 24°C consistently showed the highest alkane degradation rate, though no general pattern emerged for which inoculant yielded higher alkane degradation in alkane. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Alkane hydroxylases involved in microbial alkane degradation Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 74: 13-21. (ijabbr.com)
  • The initial reactions involved in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, naphthaelene, toluene, xylene, biphenyl, benzopyrene and benzoanthracene are discussed. (iisc.ernet.in)
  • We also intend to explore the area of plastic degrading microorganisms in the sub-domain of bioremediation. (niituniversity.in)
  • This review focuses on the role and distribution in the environment of degradation bacteria and their (potential) applications in bioremediation and biocatalysis. (ijabbr.com)
  • Bioremediation is one such approach, but is dependent on the availability of microorganisms with the necessary metabolic abilities and environmental adaptability. (springeropen.com)
  • Microorganisms from polluted environments hold the key to unlocking most of the challenges associated with bioremediation (Eze et al. (springeropen.com)
  • It is a recalcitrant and toxic substance to various living organisms and severely inhibits the enzymatic metabolism of many microorganisms. (sdewes.org)
  • In Annex X of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, it is laid down that long-term toxicity to terrestrial organisms shall be proposed by the registrant if the chemical safety assessment indicates the need to investigate further the effects of the substance and/or relevant degradation products on terrestrial organisms. (europa.eu)
  • The inoculum included only the indigenous microorganisms present in the seawater sample. (europa.eu)
  • The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 69% after 28 days in seawater that used the indigenous microorganisms in the seawater sample as a sole source of the inoculum. (europa.eu)
  • Can biosurfactants increase microbiological oil degradation in North Sea seawater? (detlef-stein.de)
  • Unfortunately, however, in recent years there have been recorded accidents both in the extraction and transport of oil through the water routes that have caused a huge ecological disaster.The present dissertation through the experimental part, that constitutes it simulates the bioenforcement of oil in seawater by microorganisms. (tuc.gr)
  • Microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, are becoming an emerging resource for the development of eco-sustainable plastic degradation and recycling processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Soil contamination, along with other degradation processes, can negatively affect soil health [8], often defined as "the capacity of a given soil to perform its functions as a living system capable of sustaining biological productivity, promoting environmental quality and maintaining plant and animal health" [9]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • The regulation of degradation processes in the model organism Dehalococcoides myccartyi CBDB1 is investigated proteomically. (ufz.de)
  • Shifts in the bacterial community towards oil-degrading bacteria and genes may be a greater indicator of PAH degradation than bacterial density. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Microorganisms play a key role in oil weathering in marine environments. (gulfresearchinitiative.org)
  • Objective analysis of histomorphological research, isolation-purification, molecular characterization of micro-symbiont genes in order to search symbiont bacteria that can live in extreme environments contaminated hydrocarbon waste. (unhas.ac.id)
  • 11 ] determined that the group of Actinobacteria was one of the most abundant microorganisms in the bacterial community structure in anaerobic digesters of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. (sdewes.org)
  • The initial contamination of 11 g/kg was lowered to about 2 g in a reactor inoculated by an immobilized culture of extreme thermophilic microorganisms, while 9 g/kg remained in a sterile control. (iwaponline.com)
  • Lamentably, different anthropic activities are responsible for the current state of soil degradation through erosion, compaction, contamination, sealing, salinization and loss of organic matter and biodiversity [2]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • In addition, the substance is readily biodegradable (the Category 3 hydrocarbon solvent substances were 74.7% degraded by day 28 and met the 10-day window requirement) and the direct or indirect exposure of the soil compartment is unlikely. (europa.eu)
  • The increase in population and its attendant problems (depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, conflicts and wars, lack of adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment, high cost of living and increase in anthropogenic activities) have placed stress on the available global fresh water leading to water crisis in the world. (scirp.org)
  • Further, the centralized degradation pathways mean synthesis of fewer degradative enzymes requiring less metabolic energy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PERSPECTIVES oils, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (18,19) and relatively resistant to high temperature (29) and concen- can degrade the disinfectant morpholine (20). (cdc.gov)
  • As defined in the 'Read-Across Justification Document' section 13, data provided for the analogue substance Alchisor TAL 123 and the Alchisor TAL 111 consitutent category substances, Category 3 hydrocarbon solvents, are representative of Alchisor TAL 111 and suitable for assessment purposes. (europa.eu)
  • Rumen fluid hydrolyzed synthetic aromatic polyesters with higher amounts of terephthalic acid released from poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) (0.75 and 0.5 mM for polymer powder and film, respectively) and thus exceeded when compared to the hydrolysis of the second terephthalic acid-based polymer-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (0.6 and 0.15 mM, for powder and film, reciprocally). (frontiersin.org)
  • Identfication of plastics degradation and microbial community analysis of Rumen. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is also demonstrated in experiments that very high oxygen transfer rates can be obtained at high temperatures in the presence of hydrocarbons. (iwaponline.com)
  • The role of clays in hydrocarbon removal was investigated in aqueous clay/oil microcosm experiments with a hydrocarbon degrading microorganism community. (bl.uk)
  • Mainly, two genes linA and linB encode dehydrochlorinase and dehalogenase enzymes involved in degradation of HCH. (ispub.com)
  • Clean-up efforts are underway, but the water in the canal remains a toxic, fetid brew laced with heavy metals, raw sewage, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (oreilly.com)
  • Insoluble Fe(III) oxides, which are generally abundant in shallow aquifers, are alternative potential oxidants, but are difficult for microorganisms to access. (umass.edu)
  • In a study from the U.S. published in 2015, we demonstrated that-contrary to expectation-chemical dispersants in deep-sea water from the Gulf of Mexico can slow down microbial oil degradation," says Prof. Sara Kleindienst, who worked at the University of Tübingen until 2022 and now works at the University of Stuttgart. (detlef-stein.de)
  • Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) from wildfires impacts river corridors globally and is widely regarded as resistant to biological degradation. (copernicus.org)
  • The eco-toxicological impact of manufactured TiO2 nanoparticles and residues from the degradation of commercial TiO2 nanomaterials (RDN) is still unknown. (niituniversity.in)
  • Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil or water are not particularly valuable for assessing either the potential for exposure to TPH or the impacts of such exposure on public health. (cdc.gov)
  • However, testing with C9 -C14 aliphatics (2 -25% aromatics) is deemed not necessary due to the ready biodegradability and unlikely direct or indirect exposure to soil of the components of TAL and the Alchisor TAL111 substance. (europa.eu)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in nature and persist in the environment as a result of their low solubility in water due to their hydrophobicity [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Marine microorganisms have unique physiological properties and novel metabolites such as biosurfactant to live in extreme habitats (e.g. oil polluted environment). (ac.ir)
  • The microbiome is the sum of microorganisms that inhabit a particular environment. (ufz.de)
  • We have focused our research on Intestinal Microbiome (sum of all colonizing microorganisms of the intestine) as well as Environmental Microbiome (sum of all microorganisms colonizing the environment) to investigate the function and structure. (ufz.de)
  • It's an extremely rich environment for microorganisms. (oreilly.com)
  • The value of microorganisms that have evolved in an environment as contaminated as Gowanus is obvious to any microbiologist. (oreilly.com)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • We successfully isolated and analysed a potential hydrocarbon-degrading consortium. (springeropen.com)
  • PAH's is a group of hydrocarbons, which poses a possible health and pollution problem that can have a negative impact on soil, wildlife, groundwater and surface water. (nordicclays.com)
  • We are studying the taxonomic diversity and its functions of deadwood-degrading microorganisms . (ufz.de)
  • Degradation of HCH was carried out commonly by strains of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus . (ispub.com)
  • The combined genomes of nature's thousands of thus far uncultivated species of microorganisms provide a vast resource of uncharacterized functional genetic information that will be examined toward the goal of discovery of novel genes involved in contaminant transformation. (uidaho.edu)
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency indicated that implementing in situ degradation will result in cost savings of 50 to 80% over traditional methods such as excavation and landfill incineration (USEPA 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Environmental opportunistic mycobacteria, including disinfectant treatment of the waters or fluids to reduce the Mycobacterium avium , M. terrae , and the new species M. number of microorganisms. (cdc.gov)