Degradation cell activates cyclin cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cyclins function as activating subunits of enzymatic complex together with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (wikipedia.org)
This cyclin binds both Cdk1 and Cdk2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A is a key regulator of the cell cycle that promotes cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (avivasysbio.com)
The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). (avivasysbio.com)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 1 (CDK1) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
serine/threonine kinases that relay DNA damage signals to cell cycle checkpoints. (nih.gov)
CDK - a family of cyclin-dependent protein kinases. (nih.gov)
Model Structure * * ABSTRACT: The animal cell cycle is controlled by the periodic * variation of two cyclin-dependent protein kinases, cdk1 and * cdk2, which govern the entry into the M (mitosis) and S (DNA * replication) phases, respectively. (nih.gov)
The APC/C is active during mitosis and G1 of the cell cycle and ubiquitylates proteins to mark them for degradation, but only when activating proteins Cdc20 or Cdh1 interact with the APC/C. Targets of the APC/C are regulators of the cell cycle, such as Cyclins, Securin and kinases (Aurora A, Plk1). (rug.nl)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors represent a course of Epigallocatechin gallate real estate agents that disrupt the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), protein which work together with cyclins to permit development of cells through the cell routine [9]. (bioinf.org)
In the cell routine cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) procedure signals that result in cell department3. (conferencedequebec.org)
Selective degradation of cyclins, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and anaphase inhibitors is responsible for several major cell cycle transitions. (embl.de)
Cell cycle transitions are generally triggered by variation in the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) bound to cyclins. (elifesciences.org)
Our results provide evidence that during Plasmodium male gametogony, this divergent cyclin/CDK pair fills the functional space of other eukaryotic cell-cycle kinases controlling DNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
Progression through the cell cycle critically relies upon post-translational mechanisms including changes in activity of cell cycle kinases and phosphatases, and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of specific components once their function is complete. (elifesciences.org)
Central components of these networks are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (elifesciences.org)
PLK4, a member of the polo family of serine/threonine kinases overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a crucial role in the regulation of centriole duplication during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
therapeutic_agents C1909 therapeutic_agents C C177537 GDC Value Terminology C115970 Ibcasertib An orally available, small molecule inhibitor of select serine-threonine kinases, including aurora kinase B (aurora B), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), with potential antineoplastic activity. (nih.gov)
Upon oral administration, ibcasertib binds to and inhibits the activity of aurora B, VEGFRs, c-kit and PDGFRs, which may result in a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells that overexpress these kinases. (nih.gov)
These kinases are overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types. (nih.gov)

Activated PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 4,5-triphosphate (PIP 3 ) at the cell membrane, which in turn leads to recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase B (Akt). (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Activated Akt (p-Akt) has multiple effects on cell cycle regulation through phosphorylation and inactivation of 2 major cell cycle regulators, p27 KIP1 and p21 Cip1/WAF1 , as well as through prevention of cyclin D1 degradation by inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. (medscape.com)
[ 13 , 14 ] In addition, PTEN inhibits phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Shc and suppresses the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
The 1,25-(OH)2D3- mediated decrease in Cdk2 nuclear localization and subsequent decreased cyclin E-Cdk2 association and activation may also act to inhibit p27 degradation, which requires phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2. (nih.gov)
If irradiated cells have already passed the restriction point, a position in G1 phase that is regulated by the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( Rb ) and its dissociation from the E2F family of transcription factors, they will transiently arrest in S phase. (oncohemakey.com)
CDK9 or cyclin T1 shRNA knock-down significantly inhibited CTD S2 phosphorylation and down-regulated Mcl-1. (bioinf.org)
We revealed that Thr286Ala and Thr286/288Ala mutants were highly resistant to DIF-1-induced degradation compared with wild-type cyclin D1, indicating that the phosphorylation of Thr 286 was critical for cyclin D1 degradation induced by DIF-1. (elsevierpure.com)
These results suggest that DIF-1 induces degradation of cyclin D1 through the GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of Thr 286 . (elsevierpure.com)
A huge selection of Cdk substrates have already been discovered in proteomic displays and Cdk phosphorylation alters the positioning interactions balance and activity of the target protein4 5 A deregulated cell routine AWD 131-138 is certainly a hallmark of cancers emphasizing the necessity for restricted coordination of Cdk activity6. (conferencedequebec.org)
Several studies have suggested that Cks associates with phosphorylated cell cycle regulator proteins and AWD 131-138 plays a role in Cdk multisite phosphorylation. (conferencedequebec.org)
This hypothesis is normally supported by tests that present phosphorylation of cell routine regulatory proteins is normally decreased when Cks is normally immuno-depleted from egg ingredients37. (conferencedequebec.org)
APC is activated by MPF phosphorylation, which in turn directs the polyubiquitination and proteasome degradation of yeast cyclin B, anaphase inhibitor, and spindle apparatus components. (blogspot.com)
Mutations of p34cdc2 phosphorylation sites induce premature mitotic events in HeLa cells: evidence for a double block to p34cdc2 kinase activation in vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
1995). Reversible phosphorylation controls the activity of cyclosome-associated cyclin-ubiquitin ligase. (sdbonline.org)
Our SMAD4 epidermal level transports the M of a neutral phosphorylation to the Downstream cells identified from the flat sphingolipid-cholesterol of the bone gamma-H2AFX. (evakoch.com)

This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F1, and the Kip/Cip family of CDK-inhibitor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. (nih.gov)
Attachment of NEDD8 to cullins activates their associated E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and thus promotes polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclins and other regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)
a member of the MRN complex , composed of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1), BRCA1, and SMC1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes), and these proteins coordinate repair with the cell cycle. (oncohemakey.com)
Degradation of these proteins controls processes such as entry of mitosis, the metaphase to anaphase transition and exit from mitosis and is thereby responsible for initiating the transition to the next phase of the cell cycle. (rug.nl)
We evaluated expression of key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation in a large cohort of NETs. (omicsdi.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was performed on cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-E-cadherin or GFP-p120, and internalization of boundary-localized proteins was analyzed with particle tracking software. (molvis.org)
Though it was assumed that this antitumor ramifications of these brokers stemmed from obstructing cell cycle development, it has consequently been shown a sub-set of CDK inhibitors (e.g., the ones that inhibit CDK9) may also take action through a transcriptional system by down-regulating the manifestation of varied short-lived proteins such as for example Mcl-1 and p21CIP1 [10, 11]. (bioinf.org)
The covalent attachment of the polypeptide ubiquitin to proteins marks them for degradation by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. (embl.de)
The transcribed proteins Clb5 and Clb6 get accumulated due to APC inactivation, which would then result in the degradation of these cyclins. (blogspot.com)
These proteins perform as mitotic cyclins, and bind with Cdc28 to form complexes that are necessary for nuclear division and chromosome segregation. (blogspot.com)
Members of the NAP/SET family of proteins interact specifically with B-type cyclins. (sdbonline.org)
tumor_purity tumor purity C C177536 GDC Property Terminology C13202 Chromosome A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function. (nih.gov)
This provides the first in vivo evidence that bHLH-PAS proteins regulate levels of other bHLH-PAS proteins during development and possibly influence cell fate and morphogenetic decisions (Jiang, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (By similarity). (nih.gov)
Interacting with various cellular proteins, E6 and E7 influence fundamental cellular functions like cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, susceptibility to apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and regulation of immune responses. (constiintaortodoxa.ro)
expression of these proteins is maintained in carcinoma cells lines [6], and expression of these two proteins induces immortalization and transformation in a variety of rodent and human cell types [54]. (nih.gov)

A29: Cdk2 can bind either Cyclin A or Cyclin E. For details on activation of Cdk2 (PMID: 10436023). (nih.gov)
The antiproliferative effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 are mediated primarily by inhibition of G1 to S progression of the cell cycle due, in large part, to decreased cyelin dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity and induction of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), p21Cip1 and p27(ip1. (nih.gov)
We recently made the novel observation that 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment of sensitive human prostate cancer cells results in the mislocalization of Cdk2 to the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
Since Cdk2 activation by cyclin-activating kinase (CAK) and the Cdc25A phosphatase requires nuclear translocation of Cdk2, cytoplasmic sequestration of Cdk2 would effectively prevent cyclin E-Cdk2 activity. (nih.gov)
We therefore propose to investigate the mechanisms underlying Cdk2 nueleo-cytoplasmic transport in prostate cancer cells and to define how 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulates these processes. (nih.gov)
The following specific aims are proposed: I. Identify the mechanism(s) and vitamin D regulation of nuclear export of Cdk2 in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Myb is substantially enhanced in S phase through modi-fication by cyclin A/cdk2, and the evidence points squarely to the major role being played by B-Myb during this phase of the cell cycle. (123dok.net)
1997). Hyperphosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of Cdc25 regulates activity toward cyclin B1/cdc2 but not cyclin A/cdk2. (sdbonline.org)
Cdk2 kinase is required for entry into mitosis as a positive regulator of Cdc2-cyclin B kinase activity. (sdbonline.org)
They can bind and inhibit a broad range of cyclin/Cdk complexes, with a preference for those containing Cdk2 ( 17, 18 ). (aacrjournals.org)

CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. (umbc.edu)
also called CCNB1) cyclin B, a cell cycle inducible protein, prominent in mitosis, which activates cdks. (nih.gov)
also called CCNA1) cyclin A, a cell cycle inducible protein, prominent in S-phase, which activates cdks. (nih.gov)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
Still many queries remain relating to how regulatory protein recognize Cdks and exactly how Cdks discriminate among substrates to phosphorylate them in the correct order AWD 131-138 with the appropriate situations in the cell routine. (conferencedequebec.org)
Malaria-causing parasites have a life cycle with unique cell-division cycles, and a repertoire of divergent CDKs and cyclins of poorly understood function and interdependency. (elifesciences.org)
If a cell becomes cancerous, though, the work of CDKs can cause the proliferation of the cancer, allowing cancerous cells to continue to divide, multiply, and spread throughout the body . (forbes.com)

The coordinated balance between cell division, growth, and programmed cell death (apoptosis) maintains cellular homeostasis, and disturbance of this balance might result in cancer development. (medscape.com)
UBE2C mediated radiotherapy resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating oxidative-stress-relative apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In breast cancer cells, HER2 can mediate apoptosis by inactivating CDK1. (umbc.edu)
Apoptosis and cell cycle parameters were analyzed by Annexin V staining, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation, caspase activity, and propidium iodide staining. (ncku.edu.tw)
p27 plays critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which have been well studied in mammals and Drosophila. (omicsdi.org)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Normally, these cells are eliminated by apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas CDK9 knock-out activated apoptosis in MM cells and significantly diminished cell development. (bioinf.org)
The model has four outcomes that convey alternative cell fates: proliferation, (transient) cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
Among other components, the tumour suppressor p53 protein triggers cellular programs that lead to different fates: transient arrest followed by cell cycle re-entry upon damage repair, permanent cell cycle arrest (senescence) or, if the damage is irreparable, initiation of cell death program (apoptosis). (biomedcentral.com)
Deguelin induced cell apoptosis by blocking anti-apoptotic pathways, such as PI3K-Akt, IKK-IκBα-NF-κB and AMPK-mTOR-survivin, while inhibiting tumor cell propagation and malignant transformation through p27-cyclinE-pRb-E2F1 cell cycle control and HIF-1α-VEGF anti-angiogenic pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the comprehensive signaling network of tumorigenesis, metastasis, apoptosis and angiogenesis, deguelin is pivotal in inducing apoptotic cell death and prohibiting their malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Deguelin has been reported to kill cancer cells or inhibit tumor growth through targeting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and anti-angiogenesis, including PI3K-Akt, IKK-IκBα-NF-κB and AMPK-mTOR-survivin pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis is a crucial step in cancer therapy and prevention, whereby cells undergo programmed death to eliminate the damaged and harmful cells and restrict cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, opadotin binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
However, a number of recent studies have pointed out that in addition to being an inhibitor of cell proliferation, p21 acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis in a number of systems, and this may counteract its tumor-suppressive functions as a growth inhibitor. (aacrjournals.org)
Apoptosis and cellular senescence (aging) are normal mechanisms for cell death. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The ROS accumulation in neurons can induce mitochondria dysfunction and cell apoptosis, thereby yielding neuronal injury [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The highly correlated results unmistakably point to a systematic downregulation of mitochondrial activities, which we hypothesize aims to downgrade the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and the dependency of cancer cells on angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

It induces mitosis by activating nuclear enzymes that regulate chromatin condensation, nuclear membrane degradation, mitosis-specific microtubule and cytoskeletal reorganization. (umbc.edu)
1997). Introduction of cyclin B induces activation of the maturation-promoting factor and breakdown of germinal vesicle in growing zebrafish oocytes unresponsive to the maturation-inducing hormone. (sdbonline.org)
In addition, this agent binds to the CD40 antigen present on the surfaces of tumor cells, which induces antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), and eventually inhibits the proliferation of CD40-expressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
In glioma ( 28 ) and in vascular smooth muscle cells ( 29 ), p21 facilitates active cyclin-Cdk complex formation and induces cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)

The aims of the present study were to address the association between activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and progression of malignant melanomas and to study the relationship between p-Akt and PTEN expression, cell cycle markers, and known prognostic factors. (medscape.com)
ERK2 is activated throuh the Ras-signaling pathway that is not depicted explicitly in this map. (nih.gov)
Numerous studies confirmed that deguelin activated the virus signaling pathway for inhibiting tumor cell proliferation with no or less toxicity ( 5 - 8 ), while demonstrating the highest activity in inhibiting DMBA-induced tumorigenesis compared with tephrosin, 13α-hydroxytephrosin and 13α-hydroxydeguelin. (spandidos-publications.com)

before either c-myb or A-myb, and its expression is re-stricted to zones of cell proliferation [23]. (123dok.net)
Consistent with this, B-myb knock-out mice die at a very early stage of development (E4.5 - E6.5), and a requirement for B-Myb in inner cell mass formation is indicated by the se-verely impaired proliferation of these pluripotent cells when blastocysts were explanted and cultured in vitro [24]. (123dok.net)
p27 inhibits CDK6/CCND1 complex formation resulting in cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation. (omicsdi.org)
The effects of p27, CDK6, and CCND1 on the proliferation of lung cancer cells were examined by the MTT assay, and flow cytometry was used to investigate the mechanism by which p27 affected cell proliferation. (omicsdi.org)
The results showed that p27, CDK6, and CCND1 played different roles in tumorigenesis and development, which are in accordance with CDK6 and CCND1 in affecting the cell cycle and cell proliferation. (omicsdi.org)
p27 regulated the cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation by affecting formation of the cell cycle-dependent complex CDK6/CCND1, but did not directly affect the expression of CDK6 and CCND1. (omicsdi.org)
HDGF knockdown in NAP1L1-overexpressing glioma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation. (omicsdi.org)
This finding suggested that NAP1L1 could interact with HDGF, and the latter recruited c-Jun, a key oncogenic transcription factor, that further induced CCND1/CDK4/CDK6 expression, thereby promoting proliferation and chemoresistance in glioma cells. (omicsdi.org)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
The development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is associated with the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic state, leading to cell migration and proliferation. (bmbreports.org)
We reported that DIF-1 and DIF-3 inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in mammalian cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Although DIF-1 did not induce the expression of cell differentiation makers in these cell lines, it inhibited the proliferation of NA and SAS in a dose-dependent manner by restricting the cell cycle in the G 0 /G 1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
PLK4 inhibition also prevents cell division and inhibits proliferation of PLK4-overexpressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
Upon intravenous administration, cifurtilimab binds to CD40 on a variety of immune cell types, triggering both cellular proliferation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which activates B-cells and T-cells, and enhances the immune response against tumor cells. (nih.gov)
Cancer develops when the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is disrupted, and the ensuing aberrant proliferation leads to tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
Active cyclin/Cdk complexes phosphorylate and inactivate members of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) family that are negative regulators of G 1 and S-phase progression, leading to induction of E2F-regulated gene expression and cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Uncleaved Gli travels to the nucleus and is an inducer of transcription, increasing Cyclin D1 and stimulating the cell cycle (proliferation). (shu.edu)
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to increased risk of genetic instability. (constiintaortodoxa.ro)

This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. (avivasysbio.com)
Both pathways result in the inhibition of Cyclin-Cdk complexes and thereby induce cell cycle arrest. (rug.nl)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Moreover, Cdk5 inhibition induced N-cadherin expression and formation of N-cadherin/p120 complexes in HCLE cells. (molvis.org)
These complexes combined with Clb5 and Clb6 activate the origin of replication throughout the S phase. (blogspot.com)
We have therefore used gene editing methods, such as CRISPR, to generate embryonic stem (ES) cell lines in which we can specifically 'switch off' HDAC1 and HDAC2, or components of specific complexes e.g. (le.ac.uk)
We recently published the first PROTACs to target HDAC1/2 specifically in cancer cells and are currently optimising additional molecules that target specific complexes. (le.ac.uk)
3 complexes regulates progression through the cell cycle (reviewed in Refs. (aacrjournals.org)
CKIs bind and inhibit the activity of cyclin/Cdk complexes and negatively regulate cell cycle progression (reviewed in Refs. (aacrjournals.org)
These three CKIs contain a conserved region of sequence at the NH 2 terminus that is required and sufficient for the inhibition of cyclin/Cdk complexes, whereas the COOH terminal regions are variable in length and function ( 12, 14 - 16 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Although one molecule of p21 is sufficient to inhibit cyclin/Cdk complexes ( 22 ), Cip/Kip CKIs have been detected in active cyclin D/Cdk4 complexes ( 24 - 27 ). (aacrjournals.org)
p21 was shown to stabilize interactions between Cdk4 and cyclin D and promote the formation of active complexes in a concentration-dependent manner ( 27 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The encoded protein is required for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression, and may be involved in cancer progression. (nih.gov)
Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
CDK1 is also called Cell division control protein 2 (Cdc2) or p34 protein kinase, and is regulated by cyclins A, B, and E. The CDK1/cyclin A complex controls G2 phase entry and progression. (umbc.edu)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
also comprises p53 together with cell cycle regulation allowing to investigate the impact of DNA damage intensities on cell cycle progression [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Because of their role in cell cycle progression, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), such as SAHA, have been utilised as anticancer agents. (le.ac.uk)
Upregulation of cell cycle progression, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways were more limited to certain region(s) of the pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

There are three principal places in the cell cycle at which checkpoints induced by DNA damage function: the border between G1 phase and S phase, intra-S phase, and the border between G2 phase and mitosis ( Fig. 13.3 ). (oncohemakey.com)
Remarkably, APC/CCdh1 is activated in this process, although the APC/C only gets activated during mitosis and G2 of the unperturbed cell cycle. (rug.nl)
The Drosophila cell cycle gene fizzy is required for normal degradation of cyclins A and B during mitosis and has homology to the CDC20 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (sdbonline.org)
The disappearance of cyclin B at the end of mitosis is regulated spatially in Drosophila cells. (sdbonline.org)
1998). Drosophila Cyclin B3 is required for female fertility and is dispensable for mitosis like Cyclin B. Genes Dev. (sdbonline.org)

Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were used to determine if p27 interacted with CDK and CCND1 to regulate the cell cycle. (omicsdi.org)
Moreover, CCND1 did not regulate the cell cycle alone, but rather, functioned together with CDK6. (omicsdi.org)
In preclinical research, alvocidib demonstrated designated activity against MM cells, partly linked to its capability to down-regulate Mcl-1 [9]. (bioinf.org)
Genetic analysis has shown Cks genes regulate cell growth and division10 11 14 In addition to binding Cdk and influencing kinase function Cks has been implicated in additional cellular processes such as transcription and the degradation of the Cdk inhibitor p2717-20. (conferencedequebec.org)
1994). Distinct molecular mechanism regulate cell cycle timing at successive stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. (shu.edu)

The Cdk complex comprises the kinase subunit the cyclin Cks and subunit. (conferencedequebec.org)
In addition to activating the kinase website the cyclin subunit binds docking sequences present in some substrates and confers specificity8 9 Although Cks is essential for viability and its deregulated manifestation correlates with tumorigenesis and poor malignancy prognosis its particular molecular functions have been less clear10-16. (conferencedequebec.org)
The primary regulator of CDK activity is the cyclin subunit. (elifesciences.org)

Because the pncRNA-D -TLS interaction is essential for pncRNA-D -stimulated CCND1 inhibition, here we studied the possible role of RNA modification in this interaction in HeLa cells. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of Stat3 by siRNA or a specific inhibitor restored chemosensitivity in T24 cells. (ncku.edu.tw)
While the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is required for growth inhibition, VDR is not sufficient as exemplified by the human prostate cancer cell line, ALVA 31, which is minimally inhibited yet expresses relatively high levels of functional VDR. (nih.gov)
These effects of Cdk5 inhibition or suppression were accompanied by decreased Rac activity, increased Rho activity, and enhanced binding of E-cadherin to the Rac effector Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1). (molvis.org)
Cdk5 inhibition also reduced adhesion in a cadherin-deficient cell line (MDA-MB-231) expressing exogenous E-cadherin, although Cdk5 inhibition promoted adhesion when these cells were transfected with N-cadherin, as previous studies of Cdk5 and N-cadherin predicted. (molvis.org)
Finally, pan-CDK inhibition decreased individual drug-na?ve or bortezomib-resistant Compact disc138+ cells and restored bone tissue marrow architecture appearance in MM. Certainly, research using antisense or knock-down strategies show that Mcl-1 has a critical useful function in MM cell success [4, 5]. (bioinf.org)
Rum1 and Cdc18 link inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase to the initiation of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe . (sdbonline.org)
A promising alternative to proteasome inhibition has been to target the enzymes upstream of proteasome-mediated protein degradation, i.e. (nih.gov)
The viral function of E6 and E7 appears to be, at least in part, to control the cellular environment in a fashion favorable for replication of the viral genome, via transcriptional activation and induction of DNA synthesis as well as inhibition of cellular differentiation and promotion of cell growth [93]. (nih.gov)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Within this hierarchy, a single ubiquitin-activating enzyme provides charged intermediates to multiple targeting pathways defined by cognate ubiquitin carrier protein (E2)/ligase (E3) pairs. (embl.de)
These responses are elicited through signalling pathways, which activate cell cycle checkpoints and basically lead to three cellular fates: cycle arrest promoting DNA repair, senescence (permanent arrest) or cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
There are digital pathways in which release of HAT or HDAC times interact their dolichol receptor and transcription degradation, which in Co-precipitation, trim the broader domains of these iNOS( Shahbazian & Grunstein 2007). (evakoch.com)
Therefore, key regulatory components involved in apoptotic or anti-apoptotic pathways are necessary with a view to developing new targeting agents, with fewer side effects, eliminating cancer cells ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We annotated PETs to pathways of KEGG database and compared the murine B16F1 melanoma transcriptome with three non-melanoma murine transcriptomes (Melan-a2 melanocytes, E14 embryonic stem cells, and E17.5 embryo). (biomedcentral.com)

Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
CDK9 shRNA or CDK9 inhibitors considerably potentiated the susceptibility of MM cells, including bortezomib-resistant cells, to proteasome inhibitors. (bioinf.org)
Analogously, CDK9 or cyclin T1 knock-down or CDK9 inhibitors markedly elevated BH3-mimetic lethality in bortezomib-resistant cells. (bioinf.org)
Furthermore, proteasome inhibitors such as for example bortezomib, by preventing Mcl-1 degradation, induce Mcl-1 deposition, which may donate to level of resistance to such real estate agents [6, 7]. (bioinf.org)
DIF-1 induced cyclin D1 degradation, but this effect was prevented by treatment with lithium chloride and SB216763, the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). (elsevierpure.com)
And one option in particular might be ushering in a " new era " of treatment: cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (forbes.com)
CDK inhibitors are a type of cancer treatment - a drug such as the ones given during chemotherapy - to block this activity, inhibit this cell division, and slow the growth and spread of cancer cells. (forbes.com)

6. The kinetochore-dependent and -independent formation of the CDC20-MAD2 complex and its functions in HeLa cells. (nih.gov)

CDK1 also associates with cyclin E and plays a role in the entry into S phase. (umbc.edu)

They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (avivasysbio.com)
They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. (avivasysbio.com)
The anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) is an ubiquitin ligase that has a crucial function in the regulation of the cell cycle. (rug.nl)
Appropriate regulation of the APC/C contributes to the correct sequence of events through the cell cycle. (rug.nl)
However, the mechanisms underlying p27 regulation of the cell cycle have not been thoroughly researched. (omicsdi.org)
It also includes the stress responsive protein p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14) known to be involved in the regulation of senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
A ubiquitin-like protein that functions in CELL CYCLE regulation and embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, which may play a role in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, cell growth and also regulates TGF-beta gene expression, thereby modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (shu.edu)
Anti-tubulin antibodies and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to examine the organization and regulation of cytoplasmic and cortical microtubules during the first cell cycle of fertilized Xenopus eggs. (biologists.com)

3. Mad2-independent spindle assembly checkpoint activation and controlled metaphase-anaphase transition in Drosophila S2 cells. (nih.gov)
18. Inefficient degradation of cyclin B1 re-activates the spindle checkpoint right after sister chromatid disjunction. (nih.gov)
In response to genotoxicants, Cdc25A undergoes posttranslational modifications which contribute to its proteasome-mediated degradation and consequent cell cycle checkpoint arrest. (nih.gov)
Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed: plasminogen activator ( PLAT ), centromere protein F ( CPF ), replication factor C ( RFC3 ), thymidylate synthetase ( TYMS ), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase ( BUB1 ), and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession no. (nih.gov)
Cells with an intact checkpoint function that have sustained DNA damage stop progressing through the cycle and become arrested at the next checkpoint in the cell cycle. (oncohemakey.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
Amplification of CCND2 activates cdk4/6, allowing the cell to progress through the G1-S checkpoint. (medscape.com)
1999). p53 regulates a G2 checkpoint through cyclin B1. (sdbonline.org)

Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ubiquitin-protein ligases. (nih.gov)
The main regulatory interaction involves ubiquitination by MDM2 RING domain, leading to p53 degradation. (nih.gov)
Direct recruitment of the E3 ligase to the POI via the PROTAC, targets it for ubiquitination and ultimately degradation. (le.ac.uk)

Cell aggregations were performed using HCLE, Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine, ShCdk5, and MDA-MB 231 cells in the presence and absence of calcium, and particle size was measured using image analysis software. (molvis.org)
As the old inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I (NADH), rotenone contributes to electron transport chain-blocking and ATP depletion, as well as cell toxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is induced by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms following stress, and induction of p21 may cause cell cycle arrest. (aacrjournals.org)

In response to DNA damage, DNA repair mechanisms will cooperate with cell cycle regulators to halt the cell cycle. (rug.nl)
We discuss in this review re-cent findings suggesting that B-Myb is a multifunctional protein that has, in addition to its transcriptional proper-ties, the ability to interact directly with other regulators of the cell cycle. (123dok.net)

Here, interindividual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. (nih.gov)
Human prostate cancer cell lines and primary prostate epithelial cells range from strongly growth inhibited (e.g. (nih.gov)
The present study investigates the functional significance of Cdk5 in forming and maintaining cell-cell stability in corneal epithelial cells. (molvis.org)
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignant tumor originating from the bile duct epithelial cells, and it is one of the malignant tumors with fast growth in incidence and death rate in recent years. (jcancer.org)
Dysf-induced Rho1 activity promotes apical constriction specifically in folding epithelial cells. (sdbonline.org)
The virus infects basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium. (constiintaortodoxa.ro)
Schematic representation of the HPV double-stranded circular DNA genome Journal of Virology Nov HPV integration into the host genome and Papillomavirus life cycle To establish infection, the the human papillomavirus can cause must infect basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium, that que es una oxiuriasis long lived or have stem cell-like properties. (constiintaortodoxa.ro)

Our purpose was to analyze, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of activated serine-threonine protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in benign nevi and primary and metastatic melanomas and to correlate the expression level with clinical variables. (medscape.com)
Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 1 from higher eukaryotes-like. (umbc.edu)
cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein. (wikigenes.org)

In this study, we investigated the effect of DIF-1 on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines NA and SAS, well differentiated and poorly differentiated cell lines, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans and academia as well as public authorities expect a further increase of its incidence in the next years. (frontiersin.org)
We report the detection of HPV 52 in a sample taken from a year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva of the left eye. (constiintaortodoxa.ro)

Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
A cyclin-dependent protein kinase in each yeast cell can replace each other between Cdc28 in S. cerevisiae and Cdc2 in S. pombe . (blogspot.com)
1999). Cyclin B-cdk1 kinase stimulates ORC- and Cdc6-independent steps of semiconservative plasmid replication in yeast nuclear extracts. (sdbonline.org)
1999). Cyclin-dependent kinase and Cks/Suc1 interact with the proteasome in yeast to control proteolysis of M-phase targets. (sdbonline.org)
The Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) from budding yeast. (sdbonline.org)

2000). Cyclin F regulates the nuclear localization of cyclin B1 through a cyclin-cyclin interaction. (sdbonline.org)

Furthermore, HDGF could interact with c-Jun, an oncogenic transcription factor, which eventually induced the expressions of cell cycle promoters, CCND1/CDK4/CDK6. (omicsdi.org)
Cell Cycle Protein Expression in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Association of CDK4/CDK6, CCND1, and Phosphorylated Retinoblastoma Protein With Proliferative Index. (omicsdi.org)

CDK1/cyclin A2 has also been implicated as an important regulator of S phase events. (umbc.edu)
The CDK1/cyclin B complex is critical for G2 to M phase transition. (umbc.edu)
CDK1 transcription is stable throughout the cell cycle but is modulated in some pathological conditions. (umbc.edu)
A30: Cdc2 (Cdk1), in association with either Cyclin B or Cyclin A, phosphorylates ORC2. (nih.gov)

The activation of APC/CCdh1 may have interesting functions in the DNA damage response, such as maintaining a stable G2 arrest, permanent cell cycle exit, promoting DNA repair or induce mitotic catastrophe. (rug.nl)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
In addition, p19ARF binds to and promotes the degradation of MDM2, the product of the murine double minute 2 gene, and this degradation leads to accumulation of TP53 and to cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
At non-permissive temperatures, every S. cerevisiae cell that carries a mutation in a specific cdc gene will arrest a bud of the same size. (blogspot.com)
Cell senescence is a physiological process of irreversible cell cycle arrest that contributes to various stress conditions, telomere shortening, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction are main characteristic of cell senescence [ 1 ]. (degruyter.com)

Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell division cycle. (wikipedia.org)
[ 9 , 10 ] Moreover, a number of studies have demonstrated activation of Akt in cells harboring inactivation of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) tumor suppressor gene due to deletions and mutations. (medscape.com)
pncRNA-D is an irradiation-induced 602-nt long noncoding RNA transcribed from the promoter region of the cyclin D1 ( CCND1 ) gene. (nih.gov)
Interindividual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. (nih.gov)
The fact that B-myb expression is strongly associated with proliferating cells of all lineages suggests that this gene may play an important and general role during the cell cycle. (123dok.net)
A novel bHLH-PAS gene, dysfusion , is expressed in all tracheal fusion cells, as well as the epidermal leading edge cells and several other cell types. (sdbonline.org)
The esg gene is expressed in all fusion cells before dys , and esg expression is normal in dys RNAi-injected embryos. (sdbonline.org)
The growth of normal and cancerous cells is genetically controlled by the balance or imbalance of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene protein products. (basicmedicalkey.com)
This, the researchers noted, suggests that PTPN14 is a new tumor-suppressor gene in BCC that works by activating the Hippo-YAP pathway. (shu.edu)
We applied the robust Gene Identification Signature Paired-End diTag technology (GIS-PET) to reveal the global pathway aberrations in melanoma by using the murine melanoma cell line B16F1 as a model system. (biomedcentral.com)
It uses mRNAs from a given cell line or tissue to generate a labeled target sample, which is hybridized to a large number of DNA sequences, each representing a gene. (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin A:Cdc2 binds ORC and phosphorylates ORC2p in Xenopus (PMID: 10660590). (nih.gov)
Once the Cdc28-Cln3 has been activated, it phosphorylates and acivates the transcription factors MBF and SBF, which then induce transcription in CLN1 and CLN2 genes and other genes for DNA replication such as genes encoding DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, and enzymes needed for synthesizing deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate. (blogspot.com)
LATS1 is a known tumor-suppressor kinase that's activated by PTPN14 and phosphorylates YAP1 to prevent its translocation to the nucleus. (shu.edu)

We provide evidence for the first time that nicotine strongly activated Stat3, leading to Cyclin D1 overexpression, cell cycle perturbations, and chemoresistance. (ncku.edu.tw)
In occasional cells, this crossing over may lead to increased 12p copy number and overexpression of cyclin D2. (medscape.com)

also called Cdc2) cyclin-dependent protein kinase. (nih.gov)

In response to DNA damage, activated ATM can directly phosphorylate p53 and mdm2, the ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for degradation. (oncohemakey.com)

The role from the positive RNA Pol II regulator, P-TEFb (positive transcription elongation factor b), in maintenance of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and bortezomib (btz) resistance was investigated in individual multiple myeloma (MM) cells. (bioinf.org)

progres-sion through the cell cycle is highly modulated through a regulatory axis containing the E2F transcription factor and retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein families. (123dok.net)

There are 18 HDAC enzymes in mammalian cells that can be sub-divided according to the presence of Zn2+-dependent (Class I, II and IV) or NAD+-dependent (Class III/Sirtuins) catalytic domains. (le.ac.uk)
the activation of these enzymes helps the cell divide. (forbes.com)

Importantly, this acetylation modulates Cdc25A phosphatase activity and its function as a cell cycle regulator, and may reflect a cellular response to DNA damage. (nih.gov)
The recovery of physiological functionality, which is commonly seen in tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates (organoids, spheroids, acini, etc.), has been observed in cells of many origins (primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immortal cell lines). (mdpi.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Overall cellular distribution and organization of mitochondria vary greatly in different organisms and tissues, presumably as an adaptative process that occurred when eukaryotic cells became multicellular organisms with highly differentiated organ systems, each having specific functions. (molcells.org)
The cellular decision as to which pathway to utilize for DSB repair is unclear, however, it appears to be largely influenced by stage within the cell cycle at the time of damage acquisition. (diff.org)
These results highlight the coordination between a patterning transcription factor and the cellular processes that cause the cell shape changes necessary to sculpt a flat epithelium into a three dimensional structure. (sdbonline.org)
Monoclonal antibodies that target cellular antigens induce cell death by a variety of mechanisms that involve the host immune system. (basicmedicalkey.com)

One of the genes regulated through this mechanism en-codes the B-Myb transcription factor, which has been shown to be critically required for early embryonal de-velopment in the mouse. (123dok.net)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
In this context, the AHR, a ligand-activated transcription factor and key regulator in xenobiotic metabolism and immunity, seems to be a promising molecular target. (frontiersin.org)

Each oscillator consists * of a three-variable cascade involving a cyclin (C1 or C2), a * cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) (M1 or M2), and a cdk-activated * ubiquitin ligase (X1 or X2) that controls cyclin degradation. (nih.gov)
Although cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibits the formation of junctions containing N-cadherin, the effect of Cdk5 on junctions containing E-cadherin is less clear. (molvis.org)
Inhibiting Cdk5 activity in HCLE or suppressing Cdk5 expression in a stable HCLE-derived cell line (ShHCLE) decreased calcium-dependent cell adhesion, promoted the cytoplasmic localization of E-cadherin, and accelerated the loss of surface-biotinylated E-cadherin. (molvis.org)
Today's results also claim that MM cells, as opposed to their regular counterparts, are particularly dependent on an turned on P-TEFb complicated for survival, offering a basis for healing selectivity. (bioinf.org)
The appearance of Dys in tracheal fusion cells coincides with a steep drop in Trh levels in fusion cells, and this reduction is dys dependent. (sdbonline.org)
It mediates beta-catenin dephosphorylation at adhesion junctions and acts as a negative regulator of the oncogenic property of YAP, a downstream target of the hippo pathway, in a cell density-dependent manner. (shu.edu)

It is attached covalently to its substrates following activation by the UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYME E1-UBA3 enzyme complex. (nih.gov)

Thus, Cdk5 activity promotes stability of E-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions and inhibits the E-cadherin-to-N-cadherin switch typical of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. (molvis.org)

generation of proteolysis activation domains also is supported in the cell of an repulsive Disability. (evakoch.com)
Optical sections suggest that the cortical microtubules are continuous with the microtubules of the sperm aster in fertilized eggs, or an extensive activation aster in activated eggs. (biologists.com)

17. Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle 20.1 Is Required for Normal Meiotic Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Segregation. (nih.gov)

Further clustering identified three genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. (nih.gov)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
Melanin biosynthesis genes were solely expressed in the cells of melanocytic origin, indicating the feasibility of using the PET approach for transcriptome comparison. (biomedcentral.com)

We now provide the first evidence that Cdc25A can be acetylated and that it directly interacts with the ARD1 acetyltransferase which acetylates Cdc25A both biochemically and in cultured cells. (nih.gov)
During a replicative cycle, CRK5 stably interacts with a single Plasmodium -specific cyclin (SOC2), although we obtained no evidence of SOC2 cycling by transcription, translation or degradation. (elifesciences.org)

Differentiation-inducing factors (DIFs) are morphogens which induce cell differentiation in Dictyostelium. (elsevierpure.com)

Each minimal oscillator is described by a three-variable cascade * involving a cdk, together with the associated cyclin and cyclin-degrading * enzyme. (nih.gov)
CBP HAT promoter has no event with the respiratory cells but some causative Pi within skeletal enzyme( Liu et al. (evakoch.com)

HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. (nih.gov)

Roles of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in cell cycle control. (embl.de)

The original paper reference is cited below: * * Alternating Oscillations and Chaos in a Model of Two Coupled * Biochemical Oscillators Driving Successive Phases of the Cell * Cycle, Pierre-Charles Romond, Mauro Rustici, Didier Gonze, Albert * GOldbeter, 1999, Annals of the New York Acedemy of Sciences, * 879, 180-193. (nih.gov)
PubMed ID: 10415827 * * figure 1 * * [[Image file: romond_1999.png]] * * Skeleton model of two coupled biochemical oscillators controlling * the M and S phases of the cell cycle. (nih.gov)

It has been identified from different experiments that Cdc28-Cln3 activity is controlled in response to cell size, even though there is no clear understanding of the regulating mechanism. (blogspot.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Kinases21

Phosphorylation15

Proteins18

Cdk210

CDKs7

Apoptosis20

Induces4

Signaling pathway3

Proliferation18

Complexes12

Progression7

Mitosis5

Regulate6

Subunit3

Inhibition9

Pathways6

Inhibitors7

Cdc201

Associates with cyclin1

Regulation9

Checkpoint8

Ubiquitination3

Inhibitor3

Regulators2

Epithelial cells7

Serine3

Squamous cell carc3

Yeast5

Regulates1

CDK42

Cdk14

Arrest6

Gene12

Phosphorylates3

Overexpression2

CDC21

Phosphorylate1

Multiple myeloma1

Regulatory1

Enzymes2

Cellular7

Transcription factor3

Dependent6

Substrates1

Inhibits1

Activation2

Spindle1

Genes3

Interacts2

Induce cell1

Enzyme2

Tyrosine1

Ubiquitin-mediated1

19992

Activity1